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Laudani S, Godos J, Romano GL, Gozzo L, Di Domenico FM, Dominguez Azpíroz I, Martínez Diaz R, Giampieri F, Quiles JL, Battino M, Drago F, Galvano F, Grosso G. Isoflavones Effects on Vascular and Endothelial Outcomes: How Is the Gut Microbiota Involved? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:236. [PMID: 38399451 PMCID: PMC10891971 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones are a group of (poly)phenols, also defined as phytoestrogens, with chemical structures comparable with estrogen, that exert weak estrogenic effects. These phytochemical compounds have been targeted for their proven antioxidant and protective effects. Recognizing the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), there is a growing interest in understanding the potential cardiovascular benefits associated with these phytochemical compounds. Gut microbiota may play a key role in mediating the effects of isoflavones on vascular and endothelial functions, as it is directly implicated in isoflavones metabolism. The findings from randomized clinical trials indicate that isoflavone supplementation may exert putative effects on vascular biomarkers among healthy individuals, but not among patients affected by cardiometabolic disorders. These results might be explained by the enzymatic transformation to which isoflavones are subjected by the gut microbiota, suggesting that a diverse composition of the microbiota may determine the diverse bioavailability of these compounds. Specifically, the conversion of isoflavones in equol-a microbiota-derived metabolite-seems to differ between individuals. Further studies are needed to clarify the intricate molecular mechanisms behind these contrasting results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Laudani
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.L.); (F.M.D.D.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.L.); (F.M.D.D.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Giovanni Luca Romano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, 94100 Enna, Italy;
| | - Lucia Gozzo
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit/Regional Pharmacovigilance Centre, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Federica Martina Di Domenico
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.L.); (F.M.D.D.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Irma Dominguez Azpíroz
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.D.A.); (R.M.D.); (F.G.); (J.L.Q.); (M.B.)
- Universidade Internacional do Cuanza, Cuito EN250, Angola
- Universidad de La Romana, La Romana 22000, Dominican Republic
| | - Raquel Martínez Diaz
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.D.A.); (R.M.D.); (F.G.); (J.L.Q.); (M.B.)
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Arecibo 00613, Puerto Rico
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.D.A.); (R.M.D.); (F.G.); (J.L.Q.); (M.B.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - José L. Quiles
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.D.A.); (R.M.D.); (F.G.); (J.L.Q.); (M.B.)
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.D.A.); (R.M.D.); (F.G.); (J.L.Q.); (M.B.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.L.); (F.M.D.D.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.L.); (F.M.D.D.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.L.); (F.M.D.D.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
- Center for Human Nutrition and Mediterranean Foods (NUTREA), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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2
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Dragan PD, Ivan SB, Goran DZ, Maja ND, Nevena LD, Marijana AM, Jelena VM, Nenad ZJ, Vladimir ZI, Turnic TN, Vladimir JL, Violeta ICM. The Role of Systemic Oxidative Status in Coronary Arterial and Peripheral Venous Blood of Patients with Unstable Angina Pectoris. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1537. [PMID: 37511912 PMCID: PMC10381699 DOI: 10.3390/life13071537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: We aimed to analyze the oxidative status of patients with unstable angina pectoris (UA), as well as to determine the correlation of these parameters between coronary arterial and peripheral venous blood samples. (2) Methods: The study included 47 human subjects with UA and 45 control subjects. We performed clinical examinations, hemodynamic and coronary angiography measures. Also, in the blood samples, we measured routine laboratory markers and the concentration of pro-oxidants: index of lipid peroxidation (TBARS), superoxide anion radical (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitrites (NO2-), while antioxidant parameters were determined from red blood cells: reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). All parameters were determined spectrophotometrically. (3) Results: Significantly higher values of TBARS and all measured antioxidants SOD, CAT and GSH were observed in the coronary arterial blood of the UA group relative to coronary arterial blood of the control subjects. On the other hand, in the peripheral venous blood samples, a significantly lower GSH value was found in the UA group compared to the control. (4) Conclusions: This study has shown that the majority of changes in all measured redox markers are found in coronary blood, especially related to the activity of antioxidant components. In patients with an unstable form of angina, prooxidants (superoxide anion radical and index of lipid peroxidation) and endogenous antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione) are in direct correlation with the course of ischemic disease. Future studies, where participants would be randomized depending on symptom duration, are necessary to confirm these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panic D Dragan
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital Cuprija, Miodraga Novakovic 78, 35230 Cuprija, Serbia
| | - Simic B Ivan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Davidovic Z Goran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nikolic D Maja
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Lazarevic D Nevena
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andjic M Marijana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vuckovic M Jelena
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Zornic J Nenad
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Zivkovic I Vladimir
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University (Sechenov University), 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tamara Nikolic Turnic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University (Sechenov University), 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- N.A. Semashko Public Health and Healthcare Department, F.F. Erismann Institute of Public Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Jakovljevic Lj Vladimir
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University (Sechenov University), 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Human Pathology, University I.M. Sechenov, 1st Moscow State Medical, Trubetskaya Street 8, Str. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Iric Cupic M Violeta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Wang Y, Liu XY, Wang Y, Zhao WX, Li FD, Guo PR, Fan Q, Wu XF. NOX2 inhibition stabilizes vulnerable plaques by enhancing macrophage efferocytosis via MertK/PI3K/AKT pathway. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102763. [PMID: 37354827 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidases 2 (NOX2) is the main source of ROS in macrophages, which plays a critical role in the formation of atherosclerosis. However, effects of NOX2 inhibition on established vulnerable plaques and the potential role involved remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the latent mechanism of NOX2-triggered vulnerable plaque development. We generated a vulnerable carotid plaque model induced by carotid branch ligation and renal artery constriction, combined with a high-fat diet in ApoE-/- mice. NOX2 specific inhibitor, GSK2795039 (10 mg/kg/day by intragastric administration for 8 weeks) significantly prevented vulnerable plaque, evaluated by micro-ultrasound imaging parameters. A profile of less intraplaque hemorrhage detection, increased collagen-lipid ratio, fibrous cap thickness and less necrotic core formation were also found in GSK2795039 treated group. Mechanistically, reduced 4-HNE, in situ lesional apoptosis and enhanced efferocytosis were involved in mice treated with NOX2 inhibitor. Further analysis in mouse macrophages confirmed the role of NOX2 inhibition in enhancing macrophage efferocytosis by regulating the MertK/PI3K/AKT pathway. In summary, our data defined previously few recognized roles of NOX2 in vulnerable plaque pathogenesis and an undescribed NOX2-ROS-MerTK axis acts involved in regulating macrophage efferocytosis in the formation of rupture-prone vulnerable plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Xin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fa-Dong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-Rong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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4
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Application of smart devices in investigating the effects of air pollution on atrial fibrillation onset. NPJ Digit Med 2023; 6:42. [PMID: 36918625 PMCID: PMC10015044 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00788-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have examined the link between short-term exposure to air pollutants and atrial fibrillation (AF) episodes. This study aims to examine the association of hourly criteria air pollutants with AF episodes. We employ a smart device-based photoplethysmography technology to screen AF from 2018 to 2021. Hourly concentrations of six criteria air pollutants are matched to the onset hour of AF for each participant. We adopt a time-stratified case-crossover design to capture the acute effects of air pollutants on AF episodes, using conditional logistic regression models. Subgroup analyses are conducted by age, gender, and season. A total of 11,906 episodes of AF are identified in 2976 participants from 288 Chinese cities. Generally, the strongest associations of air pollutants are present at lag 18-24 h, with positive and linear exposure-response relationships. For an interquartile range increase in inhalable particles, fine particles, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide, the odds ratio (OR) of AF is 1.19 [95% confidential interval (CI): 1.03, 1.37], 1.38 (95%CI: 1.14, 1.67), 1.60 (95%CI: 1.16, 2.20) and 1.48 (95%CI: 1.19, 1.84), respectively. The estimates are robust to the adjustment of co-pollutants, and they are larger in females, older people, and in cold seasons. There are insignificant associations for sulfur dioxide and ozone. This nationwide case-crossover study demonstrates robust evidence of significant associations between hourly exposure to air pollutants and the onset of AF episodes, which underscores the importance of ongoing efforts to further improve air quality as an effective target for AF prevention.
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5
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Wang AZ, Han H, Fang QQ, Tan CH. Structurally diverse polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols with protective effect on human vein endothelial cells injured by high-glucose from Hypericum acmosepalum N. Robson. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 205:113482. [PMID: 36309111 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hyperacmotone A, a polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol (PPAP) with an unprecedented skeleton, along with five undescribed congeners and eleven reported ones, was isolated from Hypericum acmosepalum. Hyperacmotone A possesses a unique monocyclic ring skeleton based on a cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dione acylphloroglucinol core. Their structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of HRESIMS, NMR, biogenetic pathway, and quantum-chemical calculations. In addition, hypercohone G exhibited significant protective effects on high-glucose-injured HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Zhu Wang
- Natural Product Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hua Han
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Qiang-Qiang Fang
- Natural Product Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chang-Heng Tan
- Natural Product Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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6
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Guo SS, Wang ZG. Salvianolic acid B from Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge: A potential antitumor agent. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1042745. [PMID: 36386172 PMCID: PMC9640750 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1042745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Lamiaceae) is a perennial herb widely found in China since ancient times with a high economic and medicinal value. Salvianolic acid B (Sal-B) is an important natural product derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza and this review summarizes the anticancer activity of Sal-B. Sal-B inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by targeting multiple cell signaling pathways. This review aims to review experimental studies to describe the possible anticancer mechanisms of Sal-B and confirm its potential as a therapeutic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Guo
- Key Laboratory of Theory of TCM, Ministry of Education of China, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Literature and Culture, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen-Guo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theory of TCM, Ministry of Education of China, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Literature and Culture, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen-Guo Wang,
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7
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Fedai H, Altiparmak IH, Tascanov MB, Tanriverdi Z, Bicer A, Gungoren F, Demirbag R, Koyuncu I. The relationship between oxidative stress and autophagy and apoptosis in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2022; 82:391-397. [DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2022.2100274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Halil Fedai
- Clinic of Cardiology, Sanliurfa Training and Research Hospital, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | | | | | - Zulkif Tanriverdi
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Asuman Bicer
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Fatih Gungoren
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Recep Demirbag
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ismail Koyuncu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
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8
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Zuo J, Zhang Z, Luo M, Zhou L, Nice EC, Zhang W, Wang C, Huang C. Redox signaling at the crossroads of human health and disease. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e127. [PMID: 35386842 PMCID: PMC8971743 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox biology is at the core of life sciences, accompanied by the close correlation of redox processes with biological activities. Redox homeostasis is a prerequisite for human health, in which the physiological levels of nonradical reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as the primary second messengers to modulate physiological redox signaling by orchestrating multiple redox sensors. However, excessive ROS accumulation, termed oxidative stress (OS), leads to biomolecule damage and subsequent occurrence of various diseases such as type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Herein, starting with the evolution of redox biology, we reveal the roles of ROS as multifaceted physiological modulators to mediate redox signaling and sustain redox homeostasis. In addition, we also emphasize the detailed OS mechanisms involved in the initiation and development of several important diseases. ROS as a double‐edged sword in disease progression suggest two different therapeutic strategies to treat redox‐relevant diseases, in which targeting ROS sources and redox‐related effectors to manipulate redox homeostasis will largely promote precision medicine. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the redox signaling networks under physiological and pathological conditions will facilitate the development of redox medicine and benefit patients with redox‐relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Maochao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Wei Zhang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu P. R. China
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine Ningbo Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine Ningbo Zhejiang P. R. China
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Zhang X, Veliky CV, Birru RL, Barinas-Mitchell E, Magnani JW, Sekikawa A. Potential Protective Effects of Equol (Soy Isoflavone Metabolite) on Coronary Heart Diseases-From Molecular Mechanisms to Studies in Humans. Nutrients 2021; 13:3739. [PMID: 34835997 PMCID: PMC8622975 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Equol, a soy isoflavone-derived metabolite of the gut microbiome, may be the key cardioprotective component of soy isoflavones. Systematic reviews have reported that soy isoflavones have no to very small effects on traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. However, the potential mechanistic mode of action of equol on non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors has not been systematically reviewed. We searched the PubMed through to July 2021 by using terms for equol and each of the following markers: inflammation, oxidation, endothelial function, vasodilation, atherosclerosis, arterial stiffness, and coronary heart disease. Of the 231 records identified, 69 articles met the inclusion criteria and were summarized. Our review suggests that equol is more lipophilic, bioavailable, and generally more potent compared to soy isoflavones. Cell culture, animal, and human studies show that equol possesses antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and vasodilatory properties and improves arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis. Many of these actions are mediated through the estrogen receptor β. Overall, equol may have a greater cardioprotective benefit than soy isoflavones. Clinical studies of equol are warranted because equol is available as a dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (X.Z.); (C.V.V.); (R.L.B.); (E.B.-M.)
| | - Cole V. Veliky
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (X.Z.); (C.V.V.); (R.L.B.); (E.B.-M.)
| | - Rahel L. Birru
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (X.Z.); (C.V.V.); (R.L.B.); (E.B.-M.)
| | - Emma Barinas-Mitchell
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (X.Z.); (C.V.V.); (R.L.B.); (E.B.-M.)
| | - Jared W. Magnani
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Akira Sekikawa
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (X.Z.); (C.V.V.); (R.L.B.); (E.B.-M.)
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10
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Zhang S, Li L, Chen W, Xu S, Feng X, Zhang L. Natural products: The role and mechanism in low-density lipoprotein oxidation and atherosclerosis. Phytother Res 2020; 35:2945-2967. [PMID: 33368763 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory, metabolic, and epigenetic disease, which leads to the life-threatening coronary artery disease. Emerging studies from bench to bedside have demonstrated the pivotal role of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. This article hereby reviews oxidation mechanism of LDL, and the pro-atherogenic and biomarker role of oxidized LDL in atherosclerosis. We also review the pharmacological effects of several representative natural products (vitamin E, resveratrol, quercetin, probucol, tanshinone IIA, epigallocatechin gallate, and Lycopene) in protecting against LDL oxidation and atherosclerosis. Clinical and basic research supports the beneficial effects of these natural products in inhibiting LDL oxidation and preventing atherosclerosis, but the data are still controversial. This may be related to factors such as the population and the dosage and time of taking natural products involved in different studies. Understanding the mechanism of LDL oxidation and effect of oxidized LDL help researchers to find novel therapies against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lingli Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenxu Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Oni ET, Figueredo V, Aneni E, Veladar E, McEvoy JW, Blaha MJ, Blumenthal RS, Conceicao RD, Carvalho JAM, Santos RD, Nasir K. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Modifies Serum Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase in Cigarette Smokers. J Clin Med Res 2020; 12:472-482. [PMID: 32849935 PMCID: PMC7430878 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr3932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is a marker of oxidative stress, associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. The impact of smoking on oxidative stress may be aggravated in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to ascertain the association of smoking on GGT levels in the presence or absence of NAFLD. Methods We evaluated 6,354 healthy subjects (43 ± 10 years, 79% males) without clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) undergoing an employer-sponsored physical between December 2008 and December 2010. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasound and participants were categorized as current or non-smokers by self report. A multivariate linear regression of the cross-sectional association between smoking and GGT was conducted based on NAFLD status. Results The prevalence of NAFLD was 36% (n = 2,299) and 564 (9%) were current smokers. Smokers had significantly higher GGT levels in the presence of NAFLD (P < 0.001). After multivariable adjustment, current smoking was associated with 4.65 IU/L higher GGT level, P < 0.001, compared to non-smokers. When stratified by NAFLD, the magnitude of this association was higher in subjects with NAFLD (β-coefficient: 11.12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.76 - 16.48; P < 0.001); however, no such relationship was observed in those without NAFLD (β: -0.02; 95% CI: -3.59, 3.56; P = 0.992). Overall the interaction of NAFLD and smoking with GGT levels as markers of oxidative stress was statistically significant. Conclusions Smoking is independently associated with significantly increased oxidative stress as measured by GGT level. This association demonstrates effect modification by NAFLD status, suggesting that smoking may intensify CV risk in individuals with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer T Oni
- Cardiology Division, Heart and Vascular Institute, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vincent Figueredo
- St. Mary Medical Center, 1203 Langhorne-Newtown Road, Suite 320, Langhorne, PA 19047, USA
| | - Ehimen Aneni
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Emir Veladar
- Center of Advanced Analytics, Baptist Health South Florida, 8900 North Kendall Drive, Miami, FL 33176, USA
| | - John W McEvoy
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Blaha
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roger S Blumenthal
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Raquel D Conceicao
- Preventive Medicine Center Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose A M Carvalho
- Preventive Medicine Center Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raul D Santos
- Preventive Medicine Center Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Lipid Clinic-Heart Institute (InCor) University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Khurram Nasir
- Houston Methodist, Debakey Heart and Vascualr Institute, Houston, TX, USA
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Abstract
Nox2 is responsible for artery dysfunction via production of reactive oxidant species. RNA viruses may activate Nox2, but it is unknown if this occurs in coronavirus 2019(Covid-19). Nox2 activation by soluble Nox2-derived peptide(sNox2-dp) was measured in patients hospitalized for Covid-19 (n = 182) and controls (n = 91). sNox2-dp values were higher in Covid-19 patients versus controls and in severe versus non severe Covid-19. Patients with thrombotic events(n = 35,19%) had higher sNox2-dp than thrombotic event-free ones. A logistic regression analysis showed that sNox2 and coronary heart disease predicted thrombotic events. Oxidative stress by Nox2 activation is associated severe disease and thrombotic events in Covid-19 patients. Nox2 is responsible for artery dysfunction via production of reactive oxidant species. sNox2-dp values, markers of Nox2 activation, were high in Covid-19 patients and higher in those with severe disease. A logistic regression analysis showed that sNox2 predicted thrombotic events. Oxidative stress by Nox2 activation is associated severe disease and thrombotic events in Covid-19 patients.
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13
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Circulating Leukocytes and Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases: A State of the Art. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2650429. [PMID: 31737166 PMCID: PMC6815586 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2650429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress from both mitochondrial and cytosolic sources contributes to the development and the progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and it is a target of therapeutic interventions. The numerous efforts made over the last decades in order to develop tools able to monitor the oxidative stress level in patients affected by CVDs rely on the need to gain information on the disease state. However, this goal has not been satisfactorily accomplished until now. Among others, the isolation of circulating leukocytes to measure their oxidant level offers a valid, noninvasive challenge that has been tested in few pathological contexts, including hypertension, atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations, and heart failure. Since leukocytes circulate in the blood stream, it is expected that they might reflect quite closely both systemic and cardiovascular oxidative stress and provide useful information on the pathological condition. The results of the studies discussed in the present review article are promising. They highlight the importance of measuring oxidative stress level in circulating mononuclear cells in different CVDs with a consistent correlation between degree of oxidative stress and severity of CVD and of its complications. Importantly, they also point to a double role of leukocytes, both as a marker of disease condition and as a direct contributor to disease progression. Finally, they show that the oxidative stress level of leukocytes reflects the impact of therapeutic interventions. It is likely that the isolation of leukocytes and the measurement of oxidative stress, once adequately developed, may represent an eligible tool for both research and clinical purposes to monitor the role of oxidative stress on the promotion and progression of CVDs, as well as the impact of therapies.
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14
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Malloci M, Perdomo L, Veerasamy M, Andriantsitohaina R, Simard G, Martínez MC. Extracellular Vesicles: Mechanisms in Human Health and Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:813-856. [PMID: 29634347 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) are now considered veritable entities for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics. These structures are able to interact with target cells and modify their phenotype and function. Recent Advances: Since composition of EVs depends on the cell type of origin and the stimulation that leads to their release, the analysis of EV content remains an important input to understand the potential effects of EVs on target cells. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we review recent data related to the mechanisms involved in the formation of EVs and the methods allowing specific EV isolation and identification. Also, we analyze the potential use of EVs as biomarkers in different pathologies such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Besides, their role in these diseases is discussed. Finally, we consider EVs enriched in microRNA or drugs as potential therapeutic cargo able to deliver desirable information to target cells/tissues. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We underline the importance of the homogenization of the parameters of isolation of EVs and their characterization, which allow considering EVs as excellent biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Malloci
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Liliana Perdomo
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Maëva Veerasamy
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.,2 Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Gilles Simard
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.,2 Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - M Carmen Martínez
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.,2 Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
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15
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Mastrangeli S, Carnevale R, Cavarretta E, Sciarretta S, Peruzzi M, Marullo AGM, De Falco E, Chimenti I, Valenti V, Bullen C, Roever L, Frati G, Biondi-Zoccai G. Predictors of oxidative stress and vascular function in an experimental study of tobacco versus electronic cigarettes: A post hoc analysis of the SUR-VAPES 1 Study. Tob Induc Dis 2018; 16:18. [PMID: 31516418 PMCID: PMC6659516 DOI: 10.18332/tid/89975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Use of a conventional cigarette (CC) or electronic cigarette (EC) leads to oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, but the impact of other features and their interplay with CCs and ECs have been incompletely appraised. We explored moderators of CC and EC effects on oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. METHODS We have conducted an experimental study on CCs and ECs in which repeated indicators of oxidative stress (serum levels of soluble NOX2-derived peptide, nitric oxide bioavailability, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α-III, and vitamin E) and endothelial dysfunction (flow-mediated dilation) were collected in 40 subjects (20 smokers, 20 non-smokers). Several moderating features were appraised, adjusting for smoking status and cigarette type. RESULTS Absolute changes in oxidative stress and vascular features after smoking a CC or vaping an EC were significantly correlated (all p<0.05), with the notable exception of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α-III levels (p=0.030). Inferential analysis based on generalized estimating equations highlighted that the only variable significantly associated with oxidative stress and vascular features was smoking status (all p<0.05). Specifically, we found that smokers had a less pronounced untoward oxidative and vascular response after vaping an EC in comparison to non-smokers, who had oxidative and vascular reactions to an EC that resembled more those seen after smoking a CC. Intriguingly, women taking oral contraceptives appeared to have more unfavorable changes in vitamin E (p=0.002) and FMD (p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the comparative oxidative and vascular effects of an EC versus a CC may be influenced by smoking status, with a potential interaction in women taking oral contraceptives. These findings need further confirmation but could have important clinical and policy implications. ABBREVIATIONS SUR-VAPES: Sapienza University of Rome-Vascular Assessment of Proatherosclerotic Effects of Smoking
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Mastrangeli
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Elena Cavarretta
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.,Department of Angiocardioneurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Mariangela Peruzzi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Antonino G M Marullo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Elena De Falco
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | | | - Christopher Bullen
- National Institute for Health Innovation, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Leonardo Roever
- Department of Clinical Research, Federal University of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.,Department of Angiocardioneurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.,Department of Angiocardioneurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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16
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Carnevale R, Nocella C, Cammisotto V, Bartimoccia S, Monticolo R, D'Amico A, Stefanini L, Pagano F, Pastori D, Cangemi R, Violi F. Antioxidant activity from extra virgin olive oil via inhibition of hydrogen peroxide-mediated NADPH-oxidase 2 activation. Nutrition 2018; 55-56:36-40. [PMID: 29960154 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) supplementation is associated with a significant reduction in cardiovascular disease but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. METHODS In platelets that were taken from healthy subjects (n = 5), agonist-induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) activation in the presence of or without catalase, which catabolizes H2O2, were investigated. Platelet H2O2 production, NOX2 activation, EVOO vitamin E, and total polyphenols as well as EVOO's ability to scavenge H2O2 were also measured. RESULTS Platelet NOX2 activation and H2O2 production were significantly inhibited in catalase-treated platelets and platelets that were incubated with five different EVOOs. The EVOO content of vitamin E was 53 to 223 mg/kg and total polyphenols 145 to 392 mg/L Gallic acid equivalent. EVOOs quenched in vitro H2O2 by 39 to 62%, which is an effect that is significantly correlated with vitamin E and total polyphenol concentrations (R = 0.688; P <0.001 and R = 0.541; P <0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This in vitro study provides the first evidence that EVOO downregulates platelet H2O2 and in turn NOX2 activity via H2O2 scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS NeuroMed, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Monticolo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra D'Amico
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Lucia Stefanini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pagano
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Daniele Pastori
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Cangemi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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17
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Bocchia M, Galimberti S, Aprile L, Sicuranza A, Gozzini A, Santilli F, Abruzzese E, Baratè C, Scappini B, Fontanelli G, Trawinska MM, Defina M, Gozzetti A, Bosi A, Petrini M, Puccetti L. Genetic predisposition and induced pro-inflammatory/pro-oxidative status may play a role in increased atherothrombotic events in nilotinib treated chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Oncotarget 2018; 7:72311-72321. [PMID: 27527867 PMCID: PMC5342164 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/1969] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports described an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) events, mainly atherothrombotic, in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) patients receiving nilotinib. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. The objective of the current cross-sectional retrospective study is to address a potential correlation between Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) treatment and CV events. One hundred and 10 chronic phase CML patients in complete cytogenetic response during nilotinib or imatinib, were screened for CV events and evaluated for: traditional CV risk factors, pro/anti-inflammatory biochemical parameters and detrimental ORL1 gene polymorphisms (encoding for altered oxidized LDL receptor-1). Multivariate analysis of the whole cohort showed that the cluster of co-existing nilotinib treatment, dyslipidaemia and G allele of LOX-1 polymorphism was the only significant finding associated with CV events. Furthermore, multivariate analysis according to TKI treatment confirmed IVS4-14 G/G LOX-1 polymorphism as the strongest predictive factor for a higher incidence of CV events in nilotinib patients. Biochemical assessment showed an unbalanced pro-inflammatory cytokines network in nilotinib vs imatinib patients. Surprisingly, pre-existing traditional CV risk factors were not always predictive of CV events. We believe that in nilotinib patients an induced “inflammatory/oxidative status”, together with a genetic pro-atherothrombotic predisposition, may favour the increased incidence of CV events. Prospective studies focused on this issue are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Bocchia
- Department of Hematology, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Sara Galimberti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, U.O. Hematology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Aprile
- Department of Hematology, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Sicuranza
- Department of Hematology, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Antonella Gozzini
- Functional Unit of Hematology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudia Baratè
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, U.O. Hematology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Barbara Scappini
- Functional Unit of Hematology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Fontanelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, U.O. Hematology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Marzia Defina
- Department of Hematology, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gozzetti
- Department of Hematology, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Alberto Bosi
- Functional Unit of Hematology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Petrini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, U.O. Hematology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Puccetti
- Department of Hematology, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
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18
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NADPH Oxidase Deficiency: A Multisystem Approach. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4590127. [PMID: 29430280 PMCID: PMC5753020 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4590127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is a complex system able to recognize a wide variety of host agents, through different biological processes. For example, controlled changes in the redox state are able to start different pathways in immune cells and are involved in the killing of microbes. The generation and release of ROS in the form of an “oxidative burst” represent the pivotal mechanism by which phagocytic cells are able to destroy pathogens. On the other hand, impaired oxidative balance is also implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory complications, which may affect the function of many body systems. NADPH oxidase (NOX) plays a pivotal role in the production of ROS, and the defect of its different subunits leads to the development of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). The defect of the different NOX subunits in CGD affects different organs. In this context, this review will be focused on the description of the effect of NOX2 deficiency in different body systems. Moreover, we will also focus our attention on the novel insight in the pathogenesis of immunodeficiency and inflammation-related manifestations and on the protective role of NOX2 deficiency against the development of atherosclerosis.
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19
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Huizing MJ, Cavallaro G, Moonen RM, González-Luis GE, Mosca F, Vento M, Villamor E. Is the C242T Polymorphism of the CYBA Gene Linked with Oxidative Stress-Associated Complications of Prematurity? Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:1432-1438. [PMID: 28375031 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The C242T polymorphism of CYBA (cytochrome B-245 alpha chain), the gene encoding the p22phox subunit of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, has been linked to several conditions in which oxidative stress plays a pathogenic role. We investigated in a cohort of 451 preterm infants [gestational age (GA) ≤30 weeks] the association of the polymorphism with the risk of developing neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), necrotizing enterocolitis, patent ductus arteriosus, or intraventricular hemorrhage. We observed a significant association of the TT/CT genotype with RDS [odds ratio (OR) 2.34, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.28-3.90], ROP (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.05-2.80), and BPD (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.05-2.43). When this dominant model was adjusted to account for GA, birth weight, and sex, it remained significant for the three outcomes. This study is the first to address the association of a polymorphism related to the NADPH family with oxidative stress-related complications of prematurity. Since p22phox is essential for reactive oxygen species production by NADPH oxidase, we hypothesize that genetic variations in the protein may lead to differences in susceptibility to oxidative stress-induced damage in preterm infants. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 1432-1438.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice J Huizing
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+) , School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Giacomo Cavallaro
- 2 Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan, Italy
| | - Rob M Moonen
- 3 Department of Pediatrics, Zuyderland Medical Center Heerlen , Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Gema E González-Luis
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Materno-Infantil de Canarias , Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Fabio Mosca
- 2 Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan, Italy
| | - Máximo Vento
- 5 Department of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe , Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Villamor
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+) , School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht, The Netherlands
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20
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Violi F, Loffredo L, Carnevale R, Pignatelli P, Pastori D. Atherothrombosis and Oxidative Stress: Mechanisms and Management in Elderly. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:1083-1124. [PMID: 28816059 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The incidence of cardiovascular events (CVEs) increases with age, representing the main cause of death in an elderly population. Aging is associated with overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may affect clotting and platelet activation, and impair endothelial function, thus predisposing elderly patients to thrombotic complications. Recent Advances: There is increasing evidence to suggest that aging is associated with an imbalance between oxidative stress and antioxidant status. Thus, upregulation of ROS-producing enzymes such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and myeloperoxidase, along with downregulation of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, occurs during aging. This imbalance may predispose to thrombosis by enhancing platelet and clotting activation and eliciting endothelial dysfunction. Recently, gut-derived products, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and lipopolysaccharide, are emerging as novel atherosclerotic risk factors, and gut microbiota composition has been shown to change by aging, and may concur with the increased cardiovascular risk in the elderly. CRITICAL ISSUES Antioxidant treatment is ineffective in patients at risk or with cardiovascular disease. Further, anti-thrombotic treatment seems to work less in the elderly population. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Interventional trials with antioxidants targeting enzymes implicated in aging-related atherothrombosis are warranted to explore whether modulation of redox status is effective in lowering CVEs in the elderly. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 1083-1124.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Violi
- 1 I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome , Roma, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Loffredo
- 1 I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome , Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- 1 I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome , Roma, Italy .,2 Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome , Latina, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- 1 I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome , Roma, Italy
| | - Daniele Pastori
- 1 I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome , Roma, Italy
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21
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Martin-Ventura JL, Rodrigues-Diez R, Martinez-Lopez D, Salaices M, Blanco-Colio LM, Briones AM. Oxidative Stress in Human Atherothrombosis: Sources, Markers and Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112315. [PMID: 29099757 PMCID: PMC5713284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherothrombosis remains one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The underlying pathology is a chronic pathological vascular remodeling of the arterial wall involving several pathways, including oxidative stress. Cellular and animal studies have provided compelling evidence of the direct role of oxidative stress in atherothrombosis, but such a relationship is not clearly established in humans and, to date, clinical trials on the possible beneficial effects of antioxidant therapy have provided equivocal results. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase is one of the main sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human atherothrombosis. Moreover, leukocyte-derived myeloperoxidase (MPO) and red blood cell-derived iron could be involved in the oxidative modification of lipids/lipoproteins (LDL/HDL) in the arterial wall. Interestingly, oxidized lipoproteins, and antioxidants, have been analyzed as potential markers of oxidative stress in the plasma of patients with atherothrombosis. In this review, we will revise sources of ROS, focusing on NADPH oxidase, but also on MPO and iron. We will also discuss the impact of these oxidative systems on LDL and HDL, as well as the value of these modified lipoproteins as circulating markers of oxidative stress in atherothrombosis. We will finish by reviewing some antioxidant systems and compounds as therapeutic strategies to prevent pathological vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Martin-Ventura
- Vascular Research Lab, FIIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raquel Rodrigues-Diez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Diego Martinez-Lopez
- Vascular Research Lab, FIIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Miguel Blanco-Colio
- Vascular Research Lab, FIIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana M Briones
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Liu Y, Hu M, Luo D, Yue M, Wang S, Chen X, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Cai Y, Hu X, Ke Y, Yang Z, Hu H. Class III PI3K Positively Regulates Platelet Activation and Thrombosis via PI(3)P-Directed Function of NADPH Oxidase. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:2075-2086. [PMID: 28882875 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase, also known as VPS34 (vacuolar protein sorting 34), is a highly conserved enzyme regulating important cellular functions such as NADPH oxidase (NOX) assembly, membrane trafficking, and autophagy. Although VPS34 is expressed in platelets, its involvement in platelet activation remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the role of VPS34 in platelet activation and thrombus formation using VPS34 knockout mice. APPROACH AND RESULTS Platelet-specific VPS34-deficient mice were generated and characterized. VPS34 deficiency in platelets did not influence tail bleeding time. In a ferric chloride-induced mesenteric arteriolar thrombosis model, VPS34-/- mice exhibited a prolonged vessel occlusion time compared with wild-type mice (42.05±4.09 versus 18.30±2.47 minutes). In an in vitro microfluidic whole-blood perfusion assay, thrombus formation on collagen under arterial shear was significantly reduced for VPS34-/- platelets. VPS34-/- platelets displayed an impaired aggregation and dense granule secretion in response to low doses of collagen or thrombin. VPS34 deficiency delayed clot retraction but did not influence platelet spreading on fibrinogen. We also demonstrated that VPS34 deficiency altered the basal level of autophagy in resting platelets and hampered NOX assembly and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling during platelet activation. Importantly, we identified the NOX-dependent reactive oxygen species generation as the major downstream effector of VPS34, which in turn can mediate platelet activation. In addition, by using a specific inhibitor 3-methyladenine, VPS34 was found to operate through a similar NOX-dependent mechanism to promote human platelet activation. CONCLUSIONS Platelet VPS34 is critical for thrombosis but dispensable for hemostasis. VPS34 regulates platelet activation by influencing NOX assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Liu
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology (Y.L., M.H., M.Y., S.W., X.C., Y.Z., Y.W, Y.C., X.H., H.H.) and Program in Molecular Cell Biology (Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Hangzhou Normal University Qianjiang College, China (D.L.); and Ministry of Education Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, China (Z.Y.)
| | - Mengjiao Hu
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology (Y.L., M.H., M.Y., S.W., X.C., Y.Z., Y.W, Y.C., X.H., H.H.) and Program in Molecular Cell Biology (Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Hangzhou Normal University Qianjiang College, China (D.L.); and Ministry of Education Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, China (Z.Y.)
| | - Dongjiao Luo
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology (Y.L., M.H., M.Y., S.W., X.C., Y.Z., Y.W, Y.C., X.H., H.H.) and Program in Molecular Cell Biology (Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Hangzhou Normal University Qianjiang College, China (D.L.); and Ministry of Education Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, China (Z.Y.)
| | - Ming Yue
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology (Y.L., M.H., M.Y., S.W., X.C., Y.Z., Y.W, Y.C., X.H., H.H.) and Program in Molecular Cell Biology (Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Hangzhou Normal University Qianjiang College, China (D.L.); and Ministry of Education Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, China (Z.Y.)
| | - Shuai Wang
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology (Y.L., M.H., M.Y., S.W., X.C., Y.Z., Y.W, Y.C., X.H., H.H.) and Program in Molecular Cell Biology (Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Hangzhou Normal University Qianjiang College, China (D.L.); and Ministry of Education Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, China (Z.Y.)
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology (Y.L., M.H., M.Y., S.W., X.C., Y.Z., Y.W, Y.C., X.H., H.H.) and Program in Molecular Cell Biology (Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Hangzhou Normal University Qianjiang College, China (D.L.); and Ministry of Education Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, China (Z.Y.)
| | - Yangfan Zhou
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology (Y.L., M.H., M.Y., S.W., X.C., Y.Z., Y.W, Y.C., X.H., H.H.) and Program in Molecular Cell Biology (Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Hangzhou Normal University Qianjiang College, China (D.L.); and Ministry of Education Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, China (Z.Y.)
| | - Yi Wang
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology (Y.L., M.H., M.Y., S.W., X.C., Y.Z., Y.W, Y.C., X.H., H.H.) and Program in Molecular Cell Biology (Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Hangzhou Normal University Qianjiang College, China (D.L.); and Ministry of Education Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, China (Z.Y.)
| | - Yanchun Cai
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology (Y.L., M.H., M.Y., S.W., X.C., Y.Z., Y.W, Y.C., X.H., H.H.) and Program in Molecular Cell Biology (Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Hangzhou Normal University Qianjiang College, China (D.L.); and Ministry of Education Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, China (Z.Y.)
| | - Xiaolan Hu
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology (Y.L., M.H., M.Y., S.W., X.C., Y.Z., Y.W, Y.C., X.H., H.H.) and Program in Molecular Cell Biology (Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Hangzhou Normal University Qianjiang College, China (D.L.); and Ministry of Education Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, China (Z.Y.)
| | - Yuehai Ke
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology (Y.L., M.H., M.Y., S.W., X.C., Y.Z., Y.W, Y.C., X.H., H.H.) and Program in Molecular Cell Biology (Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Hangzhou Normal University Qianjiang College, China (D.L.); and Ministry of Education Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, China (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology (Y.L., M.H., M.Y., S.W., X.C., Y.Z., Y.W, Y.C., X.H., H.H.) and Program in Molecular Cell Biology (Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Hangzhou Normal University Qianjiang College, China (D.L.); and Ministry of Education Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, China (Z.Y.).
| | - Hu Hu
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology (Y.L., M.H., M.Y., S.W., X.C., Y.Z., Y.W, Y.C., X.H., H.H.) and Program in Molecular Cell Biology (Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Hangzhou Normal University Qianjiang College, China (D.L.); and Ministry of Education Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, China (Z.Y.).
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23
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Cipak Gasparovic A, Zarkovic N, Zarkovic K, Semen K, Kaminskyy D, Yelisyeyeva O, Bottari SP. Biomarkers of oxidative and nitro-oxidative stress: conventional and novel approaches. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1771-1783. [PMID: 27864827 PMCID: PMC5446576 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of oxidative stress (OS) that connects altered redox biology with various diseases was introduced 30 years ago and has generated intensive research over the past two decades. Whereas it is now commonly accepted that macromolecule oxidation in response to ROS is associated with a variety of pathologies, the emergence of NO as a key regulator of redox signalling has led to the discovery of the pathophysiological significance of reactive nitrogen species (RNS). RNS can elicit various modifications of macromolecules and lead to nitrative or nitro-OS. In order to investigate oxidative and nitro-OS in human and in live animal models, circulating biomarker assays have been developed. This article provides an overview of key biomarkers used to assess lipid peroxidation and NO/NO2 signalling, thereby stressing the necessity to analyse several OS biomarkers in relation to the overall (aerobic) metabolism and health condition of patients. In addition, the potential interest of heart rate variability as the non-invasive integrative biomarker of OS is discussed. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kamelija Zarkovic
- Division of Pathology, Clinical Hospital Centre, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Khrystyna Semen
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Medicine #2, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Danylo Kaminskyy
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic, and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Olha Yelisyeyeva
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Serge P Bottari
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1029, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble-Alps University Medical School, Grenoble, France
- Radioanalysis Laboratory, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
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24
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Cheah IK, Tang RMY, Yew TSZ, Lim KHC, Halliwell B. Administration of Pure Ergothioneine to Healthy Human Subjects: Uptake, Metabolism, and Effects on Biomarkers of Oxidative Damage and Inflammation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:193-206. [PMID: 27488221 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM We investigated the uptake and pharmacokinetics of l-ergothioneine (ET), a dietary thione with free radical scavenging and cytoprotective capabilities, after oral administration to humans, and its effect on biomarkers of oxidative damage and inflammation. RESULTS After oral administration, ET is avidly absorbed and retained by the body with significant elevations in plasma and whole blood concentrations, and relatively low urinary excretion (<4% of administered ET). ET levels in whole blood were highly correlated to levels of hercynine and S-methyl-ergothioneine, suggesting that they may be metabolites. After ET administration, some decreasing trends were seen in biomarkers of oxidative damage and inflammation, including allantoin (urate oxidation), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (DNA damage), 8-iso-PGF2α (lipid peroxidation), protein carbonylation, and C-reactive protein. However, most of the changes were non-significant. INNOVATION This is the first study investigating the administration of pure ET to healthy human volunteers and monitoring its uptake and pharmacokinetics. This compound is rapidly gaining attention due to its unique properties, and this study lays the foundation for future human studies. CONCLUSION The uptake and retention of ET by the body suggests an important physiological function. The decreasing trend of oxidative damage biomarkers is consistent with animal studies suggesting that ET may function as a major antioxidant but perhaps only under conditions of oxidative stress. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 193-206.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irwin K Cheah
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore .,3 Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard M Y Tang
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore .,3 Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Terry S Z Yew
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore .,3 Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keith H C Lim
- 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Hospital , Singapore
| | - Barry Halliwell
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore .,3 Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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25
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Violi F, Carnevale R, Loffredo L, Pignatelli P, Gallin JI. NADPH Oxidase-2 and Atherothrombosis: Insight From Chronic Granulomatous Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 37:218-225. [PMID: 27932349 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The phagocytic cell enzyme NADPH oxidase-2 (Nox2) is critical for killing micro-organisms via production of reactive oxygen species and thus is a key element of the innate immune system. Nox2 is also detectable in endothelial cells and platelets where it has vasoconstrictive and aggregating properties, respectively. Patients with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease with hereditary Nox2 deficiency not only have impaired bacterial killing but, in association with loss of Nox2 function, also have enhanced carotid artery dilation, impaired platelet-related thrombosis, and reduced carotid atherosclerotic burden. Experimental studies corroborated these reports in chronic granulomatous disease by demonstrating (1) Nox2 is upregulated in atherosclerotic plaque, and this upregulation significantly correlates with oxidative stress and (2) pharmacological inhibition of Nox2 is associated with a delayed atherosclerotic progression in animal models. Furthermore, the role of Nox2 in platelet-associated thrombosis was substantiated by experiments showing impaired platelet activation in animals treated with a Nox2 inhibitor or impaired platelet aggregation along with reduced platelet-related thrombosis in the mouse knockout model of Nox2. Interestingly, in chronic granulomatous disease patients and in the mouse knockout model of Nox2, no defects of primary hemostasis were detected. This review analyses experimental and clinical data suggesting Nox2 is a potential target for counteracting the atherothrombotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Violi
- From the Division of I Clinica Medica, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.V., L.L., P.P.); Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy (R.C.); and Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.I.G.).
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- From the Division of I Clinica Medica, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.V., L.L., P.P.); Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy (R.C.); and Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.I.G.)
| | - Lorenzo Loffredo
- From the Division of I Clinica Medica, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.V., L.L., P.P.); Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy (R.C.); and Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.I.G.)
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- From the Division of I Clinica Medica, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.V., L.L., P.P.); Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy (R.C.); and Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.I.G.)
| | - John I Gallin
- From the Division of I Clinica Medica, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.V., L.L., P.P.); Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy (R.C.); and Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.I.G.)
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26
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Santilli F, D'Ardes D, Davì G. Oxidative stress in chronic vascular disease: From prediction to prevention. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 74:23-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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27
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Karimi Galougahi K, Antoniades C, Nicholls SJ, Channon KM, Figtree GA. Redox biomarkers in cardiovascular medicine. Eur Heart J 2015; 36:1576-82, 1582a-b. [PMID: 25888005 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The central role of oxidative signalling in cardiovascular pathophysiology positions biometric measures of redox state as excellent markers for research and clinical application. However, despite this tantalizing biological plausibility, no redox biomarker is currently in widespread clinical use. Major recent insights into the mechanistic complexities of redox signalling may yet provide the opportunity to identify markers that most closely reflect the underlying pathobiology. Such redox biomarkers may, in principle, quantify the integrated effects of various known and unknown pathophysiological drivers of cardiovascular disease processes. Recent advances with the greatest potential include assays measuring post-translational oxidative modifications that have significant cellular effects. However, analytical issues, including the relative instability of redox-modified products, remain a major technical obstacle. Appreciation of these challenges may facilitate future development of user-friendly markers with prognostic value in addition to traditional risk factors, and which could be used to guide personalized cardiovascular therapies. We review both established and recently identified biomarkers of redox signalling, and provide a realistic discussion of the many challenges that remain if they are to be incorporated into clinical practice. Despite the current lack of redox biomarkers in clinical application, the integral role of reactive oxygen species in pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease provides a strong incentive for continued efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Karimi Galougahi
- Oxidative Signalling Group, Department of Cardiology, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Stephen J Nicholls
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia Department of Cardiology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Gemma A Figtree
- Oxidative Signalling Group, Department of Cardiology, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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