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Pecchillo Cimmino T, Ammendola R, Cattaneo F, Esposito G. NOX Dependent ROS Generation and Cell Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032086. [PMID: 36768405 PMCID: PMC9916913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) represent a group of high reactive molecules with dualistic natures since they can induce cytotoxicity or regulate cellular physiology. Among the ROS, the superoxide anion radical (O2·-) is a key redox signaling molecule prominently generated by the NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzyme family and by the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Notably, altered redox balance and deregulated redox signaling are recognized hallmarks of cancer and are involved in malignant progression and resistance to drugs treatment. Since oxidative stress and metabolism of cancer cells are strictly intertwined, in this review, we focus on the emerging roles of NOX enzymes as important modulators of metabolic reprogramming in cancer. The NOX family includes seven isoforms with different activation mechanisms, widely expressed in several tissues. In particular, we dissect the contribute of NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4 enzymes in the modulation of cellular metabolism and highlight their potential role as a new therapeutic target for tumor metabolism rewiring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Pecchillo Cimmino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Ammendola
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Cattaneo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (G.E.)
| | - Gabriella Esposito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Franco Salvatore S.c.a.r.l., 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (G.E.)
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Lai Y, Zeng F, Chen Z, Feng M, Huang Y, Qiu P, Zeng L, Ke Y, Deng G, Gao J. Shikonin Could Be Used to Treat Tubal Pregnancy via Enhancing Ferroptosis Sensitivity. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2083-2099. [PMID: 35800255 PMCID: PMC9255906 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s364441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Albeit oxidative stress has been implied in the pathogenesis of tubal pregnancy (TP), there are scant data to suggest that ferroptosis occurs in TP. Shikonin plays a pivotal role in redox status, but whether it can regulate ferroptosis to treat TP remains unknown. Methods We collected and analyzed ferroptosis-related indices from the villous tissue (VT) of women suffering from TP and from women with a normal pregnancy. In vitro, we used shikonin and/or RAS-selective lethal 3 (RSL3) to intervene HTR-8/SVneo cells and further detected ferroptosis indices and cell functions. Finally, the expression of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is pharmacologically activated to explore the effect of Nrf2 on shikonin regulating ferroptosis. Results Increased malondialdehyde content, reduced levels of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and upregulated protein expression which promoted ferroptosis were observed in the VT of TP patients, suggesting that ferroptosis occurred during TP. In vitro, shikonin enhanced ferroptosis sensitivity in HTR-8/SVneo cells induced by RSL3 via amplifying lipid peroxidation, which mainly included increasing cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid ROS and Fe2+ level. RSL3 and/or shikonin inhibited Nrf2 and downregulated protein expression of SLC7A11 and GPx4 caused by RSL3 + shikonin co-treatment, which could be reversed under activation of Nrf2. Hence, shikonin facilitated lipid peroxidation by inhibiting Nrf2 signaling. Additionally, shikonin and/or RSL3 potently inhibited the invasion and migration of HTR-8/SVneo cells. Conclusion This study firstly showed that ferroptosis may be involved in TP pathogenesis and shikonin potentially targeted ferroptosis to treat TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Lai
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuling Zeng
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyue Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Feng
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanxi Huang
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pin Qiu
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Zeng
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Ke
- Department of Gynaecology, Shenzhen Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaopi Deng
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jie Gao; Gaopi Deng, Email ;
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Romo-González M, Ijurko C, Hernández-Hernández Á. Reactive Oxygen Species and Metabolism in Leukemia: A Dangerous Liaison. Front Immunol 2022; 13:889875. [PMID: 35757686 PMCID: PMC9218220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.889875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), previously considered toxic by-products of aerobic metabolism, are increasingly recognized as regulators of cellular signaling. Keeping ROS levels low is essential to safeguard the self-renewal capacity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). HSC reside in a hypoxic environment and have been shown to be highly dependent on the glycolytic pathway to meet their energy requirements. However, when the differentiation machinery is activated, there is an essential enhancement of ROS together with a metabolic shift toward oxidative metabolism. Initiating and sustaining leukemia depend on the activity of leukemic stem cells (LSC). LSC also show low ROS levels, but unlike HSC, LSC rely on oxygen to meet their metabolic energetic requirements through mitochondrial respiration. In contrast, leukemic blasts show high ROS levels and great metabolic plasticity, both of which seem to sustain their invasiveness. Oxidative stress and metabolism rewiring are recognized as hallmarks of cancer that are intimately intermingled. Here we present a detailed overview of these two features, sustained at different levels, that support a two-way relationship in leukemia. Modifying ROS levels and targeting metabolism are interesting therapeutic approaches. Therefore, we provide the most recent evidence on the modulation of oxidative stress and metabolism as a suitable anti-leukemic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Romo-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carla Ijurko
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ángel Hernández-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Yuan Y, Wang W, Zhang Y, Hong Q, Huang W, Li L, Xie Z, Chen Y, Li X, Meng Y. Apelin-13 Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses and Acute Lung Injury by Regulating PFKFB3-Driven Glycolysis Induced by NOX4-Dependent ROS. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:2121-2139. [PMID: 35386222 PMCID: PMC8977227 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s348850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening condition with limited therapeutic options. Macrophage inflammation plays a key role in the development of ALI. Abnormal glycolysis of macrophages contributes to the inflammatory response. However, the role of macrophage glycolysis in ALI still requires investigation. Apelin-13 has been shown to protect against ALI, whereas the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we explored the effect of apelin-13 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and ALI via regulation of glycolysis by modulating redox homeostasis in macrophages. Methods Serums from 34 patients with sepsis and 13 healthy volunteers were analyzed. In vivo, the protective effect of apelin-13 against LPS-induced ALI was evaluated using a mouse model of LPS-induced ALI. In vitro, mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMDMs) were pretreated with the antioxidant, NADPH oxidase (NOX) 4 (NOX4) small-interfering RNA (siRNA), the 6-phosphofructo-2 -kinase/fructose- 2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) siRNA, or the PFKFB3 overexpression plasmid before exposure to LPS. Results Serum apelin-13 levels were significantly elevated in patients with sepsis and sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (P<0.0001). In vivo, apelin-13 suppressed LPS-induced ALI and inflammatory cytokine production (P<0.05). Furthermore, apelin-13 reduced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, NOX4 protein levels, and glycolysis. In vitro, LPS stimulation elevated NOX4 protein levels and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (P<0.05). These changes resulted in the accumulation of glycolysis in BMDMs. Treatment with antioxidant or NOX4 siRNA inhibited LPS-induced glycolysis and inflammatory cytokine production (P<0.05). Moreover, in vitro experiments revealed that PFKFB3 regulates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by modulating glycolysis. In contrast, the action of apelin-13 opposed the effects of LPS. Conclusion In conclusion, apelin-13 protects against LPS-induced inflammatory responses and ALI by regulating PFKFB3-driven glycolysis induced by NOX4-dependent ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaohui Hong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanzhan Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
- Xu Li, Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Ying Meng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ying Meng, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 20-62787112, Email
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Harnessing oxidative stress for anti-glioma therapy. Neurochem Int 2022; 154:105281. [PMID: 35038460 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioma cells use intermediate levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) for growth and invasion, and suppressing these reactive molecules thus may compromise processes that are vital for glioma survival. Increased oxidative stress has been identified in glioma cells, in particular in glioma stem-like cells. Studies have shown that these cells harbor potent antioxidant defenses, although endogenous protection against nitrosative stress remains understudied. The enhancement of oxidative or nitrosative stress offers a potential target for triggering glioma cell death, but whether oxidative and nitrosative stresses can be combined for therapeutic effects requires further research. The optimal approach of harnessing oxidative stress for anti-glioma therapy should include the induction of free radical-induced oxidative damage and the suppression of antioxidant defense mechanisms selectively in glioma cells. However, selective induction of oxidative/nitrosative stress in glioma cells remains a therapeutic challenge, and research into selective drug delivery systems is ongoing. Because of multifactorial mechanisms of glioma growth, progression, and invasion, prospective oncological therapies may include not only therapeutic oxidative/nitrosative stress but also inhibition of oncogenic kinases, antioxidant molecules, and programmed cell death mediators.
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Su X, Yang Y, Yang Q, Pang B, Sun S, Wang Y, Qiao Q, Guo C, Liu H, Pang Q. NOX4-derived ROS-induced overexpression of FOXM1 regulates aerobic glycolysis in glioblastoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1181. [PMID: 34740322 PMCID: PMC8571893 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08933-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased expression of the transcription factor Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) has been reported to play an important role in the progression and development of multiple tumors, but the molecular mechanisms that regulate FOXM1 expression remain unknown, and the role of FOXM1 in aerobic glycolysis is still not clear. METHODS The expression of FOXM1 and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) in normal brain tissues and glioma was detected in data from the TCGA database and in our specimens. The effect of NOX4 on the expression of FOXM1 was determined by Western blot, qPCR, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production assays, and luciferase assays. The functions of NOX4 and FOXM1 in aerobic glycolysis in glioblastoma cells were determined by a series of experiments, such as Western blot, extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), lactate production, and intracellular ATP level assays. A xenograft mouse model was established to test our findings in vivo. RESULTS The expression of FOXM1 and NOX4 was increased in glioma specimens compared with normal brain tissues and correlated with poor clinical outcomes. Aberrant mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation of NOX4 induced FOXM1 expression. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that NOX4-derived MitoROS exert their regulatory role on FOXM1 by mediating hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) stabilization. Further research showed that NOX4-derived MitoROS-induced HIF-1α directly activates the transcription of FOXM1 and results in increased FOXM1 expression. Overexpression of NOX4 or FOXM1 promoted aerobic glycolysis, whereas knockdown of NOX4 or FOXM1 significantly suppressed aerobic glycolysis, in glioblastoma cells. NOX4-induced aerobic glycolysis was dependent on elevated FOXM1 expression, as FOXM1 knockdown abolished NOX4-induced aerobic glycolysis in glioblastoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Increased expression of FOXM1 induced by NOX4-derived MitoROS plays a pivotal role in aerobic glycolysis, and our findings suggest that inhibition of NOX4-FOXM1 signaling may present a potential therapeutic target for glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsheng Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yihang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530022, Guangxi, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shicheng Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qiujiang Qiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Changfa Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Huanting Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Linyi, 276003, Shandong, China.
| | - Qi Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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NOX4-Derived ROS Mediates TGF- β1-Induced Metabolic Reprogramming during Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition through the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1 α Pathway in Glioblastoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5549047. [PMID: 34257808 PMCID: PMC8257383 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5549047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Current studies on tumor progression focus on the roles of cytokines in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and recent research shows that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) released from TME plays a pivotal role in tumor development and malignant transformation. The alteration in cellular metabolism is a hallmark of cancer, which not only provides cancer cells with ATP for fuel cellular reactions, but also generates metabolic intermediates for the synthesis of essential cellular ingredients, to support cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Interestingly, we found a distinct metabolic change during TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in glioblastoma cells. Indeed, TGF-β1 participates in metabolic reprogramming, and the molecular basis is still not well understood. NADPH oxidases 4 (NOX4), a member of the Nox family, also plays a key role in the biological effects of glioblastoma. However, the relationship between NOX4, TGF-β1, and cellular metabolic changes during EMT in glioblastoma remains obscure. Here, our findings demonstrated that TGF-β1 upregulated NOX4 expression accompanied by reactive oxygen species (ROS) through Smad-dependent signaling and then induced hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) overexpression and nuclear accumulation resulting in metabolic reprogramming and promoting EMT. Besides, inhibition of glycolysis reversed EMT suggesting a causal relationship between TGF-β1-induced metabolic changes and tumorigenesis. Moreover, TGF-β1-induced metabolic reprogramming and EMT which modulated by NOX4/ROS were blocked when the phosphoinositide3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/HIF-1α signaling pathways were inhibited. In conclusion, these suggest that NOX4/ROS induction by TGF-β1 can be one of the main mechanisms mediating the metabolic reprogramming during EMT of glioblastoma cells and provide promising strategies for cancer therapy.
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Chang CY, Pan PH, Wu CC, Liao SL, Chen WY, Kuan YH, Wang WY, Chen CJ. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Contributes to Gefitinib-Induced Apoptosis in Glioma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083934. [PMID: 33920356 PMCID: PMC8069544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate stress on the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) with the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) could maintain glioma malignancy. Uncontrolled ER stress, on the other hand, predisposes an apoptosis-dominant UPR program. We studied here the proapoptotic actions of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) inhibitor gefitinib, with the focus on ER stress. The study models were human H4 and U87 glioma cell lines. We found that the glioma cell-killing effects of gefitinib involved caspase 3 apoptotic cascades. Three branches of ER stress, namely Activating Transcription Factor-6 (ATF6), Protein Kinase R (PKR)-Like ER Kinase (PERK), and Inositol-Requiring Enzyme 1 (IRE1), were activated by gefitinib, along with the elevation of intracellular free Ca2+, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), and NADPH Oxidase2/4 (NOX2/4). Specifically, elevated IRE1 phosphorylation, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Receptor-Associated Factor-2 (TRAF2) expression, Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase-1 (Ask1) phosphorylation, c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, and Noxa expression appeared in gefitinib-treated glioma cells. Genetic, pharmacological, and biochemical studies further indicated an active ROS/ER stress/Ask1/JNK/Noxa axis causing the glioma apoptosis induced by gefitinib. The findings suggest that ER-stress-based therapeutic targeting could be a promising option in EGFR inhibitor glioma therapy, and may ultimately achieve a better patient response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yi Chang
- Department of Surgery, Feng Yuan Hospital, Taichung 420, Taiwan;
| | - Ping-Ho Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Cheng Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan;
| | - Su-Lan Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Yi Wang
- Department of Nursing, HungKuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-423-592-525 (ext. 4022)
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Ma X, Yu M, Hao C, Yang W. Shikonin induces tumor apoptosis in glioma cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress, and Bax/Bak mediated mitochondrial outer membrane permeability. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 263:113059. [PMID: 32663591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shikonin, one of the main active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicine Lithospermum erythrorhizon, has been widely used to treat various disease including virus infection and inflammation in clinical. Its anti-tumor activity has been recorded in "Chinese herbal medicine". Recently, some studies about its anti-glioma effects have been reported. However, little is known about the molecular pharmacological activity of Shikonin in glioma. AIM This study aimed to systematically uncover and validate the pharmacological mechanism of Shikonin against glioma. MATERIAL AND METHODS Network pharmacology approach, survival analysis, and Pearson co-expression analysis were performed to uncover and test the pharmacological mechanisms of Shikonin in glioma. Apoptosis assay, Caspase-3 activity assay and immunoblot analysis were practiced to validate the mechanisms. RESULTS Network pharmacology results suggested, anti-glioma effect of Shikonin by interfering endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated tumor apoptosis targeting Caspase-3, and Bax/Bak-induced mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) triggering cancer cell apoptosis. Survival analysis suggested the association of CASP3 with glioma (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis indicated possible interaction of CASP3 with PERK through positive feedback regulation. Shikonin or in combination with 14G2a induced cell apoptosis in oligodendroglioma Hs683 cells in a dose-dependent manner with at a maximum apoptosis rate of 33%-37.5%, and 73%-77% respectively. Immunoblot analysis showed that Shikonin increased Caspase-3 activity to about 4.29 times, and increased 9 times when it combined with 14G2a. Shikonin increased also the expression levels of the proteins PERK and CHOP by about 4.4 and 5.6 folds, respectively, when it combined with 14G2a. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the pharmacological mechanisms of Shikonin in the induction of tumor apoptosis in glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Meixiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chenxia Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wanhua Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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El Hassouni B, Granchi C, Vallés-Martí A, Supadmanaba IGP, Bononi G, Tuccinardi T, Funel N, Jimenez CR, Peters GJ, Giovannetti E, Minutolo F. The dichotomous role of the glycolytic metabolism pathway in cancer metastasis: Interplay with the complex tumor microenvironment and novel therapeutic strategies. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 60:238-248. [PMID: 31445217 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Padhi A, Thomson AH, Perry JB, Davis GN, McMillan RP, Loesgen S, Kaweesa EN, Kapania R, Nain AS, Brown DA. Bioenergetics underlying single-cell migration on aligned nanofiber scaffolds. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 318:C476-C485. [PMID: 31875698 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00221.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is centrally involved in a myriad of physiological processes, including morphogenesis, wound healing, tissue repair, and metastatic growth. The bioenergetics that underlie migratory behavior are not fully understood, in part because of variations in cell culture media and utilization of experimental cell culture systems that do not model physiological connective extracellular fibrous networks. In this study, we evaluated the bioenergetics of C2C12 myoblast migration and force production on fibronectin-coated nanofiber scaffolds of controlled diameter and alignment, fabricated using a nonelectrospinning spinneret-based tunable engineered parameters (STEP) platform. The contribution of various metabolic pathways to cellular migration was determined using inhibitors of cellular respiration, ATP synthesis, glycolysis, or glucose uptake. Despite immediate effects on oxygen consumption, mitochondrial inhibition only modestly reduced cell migration velocity, whereas inhibitors of glycolysis and cellular glucose uptake led to striking decreases in migration. The migratory metabolic sensitivity was modifiable based on the substrates present in cell culture media. Cells cultured in galactose (instead of glucose) showed substantial migratory sensitivity to mitochondrial inhibition. We used nanonet force microscopy to determine the bioenergetic factors responsible for single-cell force production and observed that neither mitochondrial nor glycolytic inhibition altered single-cell force production. These data suggest that myoblast migration is heavily reliant on glycolysis in cells grown in conventional media. These studies have wide-ranging implications for the causes, consequences, and putative therapeutic treatments aimed at cellular migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinash Padhi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Alexander H Thomson
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Justin B Perry
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Grace N Davis
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Ryan P McMillan
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia.,Virginia Tech Metabolism Core, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Sandra Loesgen
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | | | - Rakesh Kapania
- Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Amrinder S Nain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - David A Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia.,Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Blacksburg, Virginia.,Virginia Tech Metabolism Core, Blacksburg, Virginia
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12
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Shin S, Kwon YJ, Ye DJ, Baek HS, Kwon TU, Kim D, Chun YJ. Human steroid sulfatase enhances aerobic glycolysis through induction of HIF1α and glycolytic enzymes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2464-2474. [PMID: 31195119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human steroid sulfatase (STS) has been linked with poor prognosis in steroid-associated tumors and represents an important clinical target in cancers, yet the mechanism of STS-induced carcinogenesis remains unclear. To correlate STS with cancer metabolism, we determined the effects of STS on aerobic glycolysis. STS overexpression increased cellular levels of lactic acid, the final product of aerobic glycolysis. Moreover, STS suppressed the oxygen consumption rate (OCR), which represents mitochondrial respiration. Inhibition of STS by the specific inhibitor STX064 recovered STS-induced OCR repression and lactic acid over-production. DHEA, but not DHEA-S, suppressed the OCR level and enhanced lactic acid production. To understand the molecular mechanism of STS-induced cancer metabolism, we measured the expression of glycolytic enzymes hexokinase 2 (HK2) and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), which was highly upregulated by STS and DHEA at both protein and mRNA levels. HIF1α is a key mediator of aerobic glycolysis, and STS enhanced HIF1α promoter activity, mRNA expression, and protein expression. Down-regulation of HIF1α by siRNA suppressed the HK2 and PKM2 expression induced by both STS and DHEA. HIF1α siRNA also recovered the OCR repression and lactic acid over-production induced by both STS and DHEA. To explore the mechanism in vivo, we produced transgenic mice overexpressing STS and found that STS expression was particularly enhanced in the lung. Consistent with our in vitro results, the expression of HIF1α, HK2, and PKM2 was also increased in mouse lung tissues. In conclusion, we suggest that STS may induce aerobic glycolysis through enhancing HIF1α expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jung Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Seok Baek
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Uk Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghak Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Lu J, Liang X, Gao Y, Fu G, Shen Q. Hexokinase2 controls angiogenesis in melanoma by promoting aerobic glycolysis and activating the p38‐MAPK signaling. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19721-19729. [PMID: 31270843 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Lu
- Department of Dermatology Wuhan Children's Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Xiaofang Liang
- Department of Dermatology The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Dermatology The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Guili Fu
- Department of Dermatology Wuhan Children's Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Qin Shen
- Department of Dermatology Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Wuhan Hubei China
- Department of Dermatology Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Wuhan Hubei China
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14
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Zhang T, Zhu X, Wu H, Jiang K, Zhao G, Shaukat A, Deng G, Qiu C. Targeting the ROS/PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α/HK2 axis of breast cancer cells: Combined administration of Polydatin and 2-Deoxy-d-glucose. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3711-3723. [PMID: 30920152 PMCID: PMC6484306 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that cancer cells depend upon aerobic glycolysis to provide the energy they need to survive and proliferate. However, anti-glycolytic agents have yielded few positive results in human patients, in part due to dose-limiting side effects. Here, we discovered the unexpected anti-cancer efficacy of Polydatin (PD) combined with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), which is a compound that inhibits glycolysis. We demonstrated in two breast cell lines (MCF-7 and 4T1) that combination treatment with PD and 2-DG induced cell apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Furthermore, we determined the mechanism of PD in synergy with 2-DG, which decreased the intracellular reactive oxygen (ROS) levels and suppressed the PI3K/AKT pathway. In addition, the combined treatment inhibited the glycolytic phenotype through reducing the expression of HK2. HK2 deletion in breast cancer cells thus improved the anti-cancer activity of 2-DG. The combination treatment also resulted in significant tumour regression in the absence of significant morphologic changes in the heart, liver or kidney in vivo. In summary, our study demonstrates that PD synergised with 2-DG to enhance its anti-cancer efficacy by inhibiting the ROS/PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α/HK2 signalling axis, providing a potential anti-cancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xinying Zhu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Haichong Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Kangfeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Gan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Aftab Shaukat
- Department of Clinical Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Changwei Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
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15
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Yang H, Zhong JT, Zhou SH, Han HM. Roles of GLUT-1 and HK-II expression in the biological behavior of head and neck cancer. Oncotarget 2019; 10:3066-3083. [PMID: 31105886 PMCID: PMC6508962 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Warburg effect plays an important role in the proliferation and invasion of malignant tumors. Glucose transporter 1 and hexokinase II are two key energy transporters involved in mediating the Warburg effect. This review will analyze the mechanisms of these two markers in their effects on the biological behavior of head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.,Present Address: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The People's Hospital of Jiangshan City, Jiangshan, Zhejiang, 324100, China
| | - Jiang-Tao Zhong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Shui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - He-Ming Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
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16
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Floberg JM, Schwarz JK. Manipulation of Glucose and Hydroperoxide Metabolism to Improve Radiation Response. Semin Radiat Oncol 2019; 29:33-41. [PMID: 30573182 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated glucose and redox metabolism are near universal features of cancers. They therefore represent potential selectively toxic metabolic targets. This review outlines the preclinical and clinical data for targeting glucose and hydroperoxide metabolism in cancer, with a focus on drug strategies that have the most available evidence. In particular, inhibition of glycolysis using 2-deoxyglucose, and inhibition of redox metabolism using the glutathione pathway inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine and the thioredoxin pathway inhibitor auranofin, have shown promise in preclinical studies to increase sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiation by increasing intracellular oxidative stress. Combined inhibition of glycolysis, glutathione, and thioredoxin pathways sensitizes highly glycolytic, radioresistant cancer models in vitro and in vivo. Although the preclinical data support this approach, clinical data are limited to exploratory trials using a single drug in combination with either chemotherapy or radiation. Open research questions include optimizing drug strategies for targeting glycolysis and redox metabolism, determining the appropriate timing for administering this therapy with concurrent chemotherapy and radiation, and identifying biomarkers to determine the cancers that would benefit most from this approach. Given the quality of preclinical evidence, dual targeting of glycolysis and redox metabolism in combination with chemotherapy and radiation should be further evaluated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Floberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Julie K Schwarz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
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17
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Noch EK, Ramakrishna R, Magge R. Challenges in the Treatment of Glioblastoma: Multisystem Mechanisms of Therapeutic Resistance. World Neurosurg 2018; 116:505-517. [PMID: 30049045 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most lethal human cancers, with poor survival despite surgery, radiation treatment, and chemotherapy. Advances in the treatment of this type of brain tumor are limited because of several resistance mechanisms. Such mechanisms involve limited drug entry into the central nervous system compartment by the blood-brain barrier and by actions of the normal brain to counteract tumor-targeting medications. In addition, the vast heterogeneity in glioblastoma contributes to significant therapeutic resistance by preventing adequate control of the entire tumor mass by a single drug and by facilitating escape mechanisms from targeted agents. The stem cell-like characteristics of glioblastoma promote resistance to chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy through upregulation of efflux transporters, promotion of glioblastoma stem cell proliferation in neurogenic zones, and immune suppression, respectively. Metabolic cascades in glioblastoma prevent effective treatments through the optimization of glucose use, the use of alternative nutrient precursors for energy production, and the induction of hypoxia to enhance tumor growth. In the era of precision medicine, an assortment of molecular techniques is being developed to target an individual's unique tumor, with the hope that this personalized strategy will bypass therapeutic resistance. Although each resistance mechanism presents an array of challenges to effective treatment of glioblastoma, as the field recognizes and addresses these difficulties, future treatments may have more efficacy and promise for patients with glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan K Noch
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rohan Ramakrishna
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Rajiv Magge
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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18
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Yang C, Liu P, Wang S, Zhao G, Zhang T, Guo S, Jiang K, Wu H, Deng G. Shikonin exerts anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-induced mastitis by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Glycolytic inhibitor 2-Deoxy-d-Glucose activates migration and invasion in glioblastoma cells through modulation of the miR-7-5p/TFF3 signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:829-835. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Teixeira G, Szyndralewiez C, Molango S, Carnesecchi S, Heitz F, Wiesel P, Wood JM. Therapeutic potential of NADPH oxidase 1/4 inhibitors. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1647-1669. [PMID: 27273790 PMCID: PMC5446584 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The NADPH oxidase (NOX) family of enzymes produces ROS as their sole function and is becoming recognized as key modulators of signal transduction pathways with a physiological role under acute stress and a pathological role after excessive activation under chronic stress. The seven isoforms differ in their regulation, tissue and subcellular localization and ROS products. The most studied are NOX1, 2 and 4. Genetic deletion of NOX1 and 4, in contrast to NOX2, has revealed no significant spontaneous pathologies and a pathogenic relevance of both NOX1 and 4 across multiple organs in a wide range of diseases and in particular inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. This has stimulated interest in NOX inhibitors for therapeutic application. GKT136901 and GKT137831 are two structurally related compounds demonstrating a preferential inhibition of NOX1 and 4 that have suitable properties for in vivo studies and have consequently been evaluated across a range of disease models and compared with gene deletion. In contrast to gene deletion, these inhibitors do not completely suppress ROS production, maintaining some basal level of ROS. Despite this and consistent with most gene deletion studies, these inhibitors are well tolerated and slow or prevent disease progression in a range of models of chronic inflammatory and fibrotic diseases by modulating common signal transduction pathways. Clinical trials in patients with GKT137831 have demonstrated excellent tolerability and reduction of various markers of chronic inflammation. NOX1/4 inhibition may provide a safe and effective therapeutic strategy for a range of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Teixeira
- Evotec International GmbHGoettingenGermany
| | | | - S Molango
- Genkyotex SAPlan les OuatesSwitzerland
| | | | - F Heitz
- Genkyotex SAPlan les OuatesSwitzerland
| | - P Wiesel
- Genkyotex SAPlan les OuatesSwitzerland
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21
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Hwang JH, An SM, Kwon SG, Park DH, Kim TW, Kang DG, Yu GE, Kim IS, Park HC, Ha J, Kim CW. Associations of the Polymorphisms in DHRS4, SERPING1, and APOR Genes with Postmortem pH in Berkshire Pigs. Anim Biotechnol 2017; 28:288-293. [PMID: 28489967 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2017.1279171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Postmortem pH is a main factor influencing the meat quality in pigs. This study investigated the association of postmortem pH with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the fourth member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family (DHRS4), the first member of serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade G (complement inhibitor) (SERPING1), and the apolipoprotein R precursor (APOR) genes in Berkshire pigs. The study included 437 pigs, and genotyping was conducted using the GoldenGate Assay (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). DHRS4, SERPING1, and APOR polymorphisms were significantly associated with pH45 or pH24 (p < 0.05). SERPING1 was also statistically significantly associated with water holding capacity (p < 0.05), which is closely associated with postmortem pH. These results suggest that SNPs in the DHRS4, SERPING1, and APOR genes have potential for use as genetic markers for the meat quality in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hye Hwang
- a Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology , Jinju , South Korea
| | - Sang Mi An
- a Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology , Jinju , South Korea
| | - Seul Gi Kwon
- a Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology , Jinju , South Korea
| | - Da Hye Park
- a Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology , Jinju , South Korea
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- b Department of Animal Resource Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology , Jinju , South Korea
| | - Deok Gyung Kang
- a Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology , Jinju , South Korea
| | - Go Eun Yu
- a Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology , Jinju , South Korea
| | - Il-Suk Kim
- b Department of Animal Resource Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology , Jinju , South Korea
| | | | - Jeongim Ha
- a Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology , Jinju , South Korea
| | - Chul Wook Kim
- a Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology , Jinju , South Korea
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22
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Zeng C, Wu Q, Wang J, Yao B, Ma L, Yang Z, Li J, Liu B. NOX4 supports glycolysis and promotes glutamine metabolism in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 101:236-248. [PMID: 27989748 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies have confirmed that NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) is abundantly expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and contributes to cancer progression. Nevertheless, the comprehensive mechanisms for NOX4-mediated malignant progression and oxidative resistance of cancer cells remain largely unknown. This study found that NOX4 directed glucose metabolism not only to the glycolysis but also to pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) pathway for production of NADPH in NSCLC cell lines. Besides, we also found that NOX4 promoted glutaminolysis into total GSH synthesis. Specifically, the data showed that ectopic NOX4 expression did not induce apoptosis of NSCLC cells; however, inhibition of GSH production resulted in obvious apoptotic death of NOX4-overexpressed NSCLC cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that NOX4-induced glycolysis probably via ROS/PI3K/Akt signaling-dependent c-Myc upregulation. The selective NOX4 inhibitor, GKT137831, significantly inhibited glucose and glutamine metabolic phenotypes both in vitro and in vivo, and itself or combination with 2-DG, a synthetic glycolytic inhibitor, suppressed cancer cell growth both in vivo and in vitro. Elimination of NOX4-derived H2O2 effectively reversed NOX4 overexpression-mediated metabolic effects in NSCLC cells. NOX4 levels were significantly correlated with increased glucose and glutamine metabolism-related genes, as well as Akt phosphorylation and c-Myc expression in primary NSCLC specimens. In conclusion, these results reveal that NOX4 promotes glycolysis, contributing to NSCLC growth, and supports glutaminolysis for oxidative resistance. Therefore, NOX4 may be a promising target to reverse malignant progression of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zeng
- Department of Clinical pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qipeng Wu
- Department of Clinical pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Bei Yao
- Department of Clinical pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Clinical pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhicheng Yang
- Department of Clinical pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Clinical pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Clinical pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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