1
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Maiese K. The impact of aging and oxidative stress in metabolic and nervous system disorders: programmed cell death and molecular signal transduction crosstalk. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1273570. [PMID: 38022638 PMCID: PMC10663950 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1273570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy is increasing throughout the world and coincides with a rise in non-communicable diseases (NCDs), especially for metabolic disease that includes diabetes mellitus (DM) and neurodegenerative disorders. The debilitating effects of metabolic disorders influence the entire body and significantly affect the nervous system impacting greater than one billion people with disability in the peripheral nervous system as well as with cognitive loss, now the seventh leading cause of death worldwide. Metabolic disorders, such as DM, and neurologic disease remain a significant challenge for the treatment and care of individuals since present therapies may limit symptoms but do not halt overall disease progression. These clinical challenges to address the interplay between metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders warrant innovative strategies that can focus upon the underlying mechanisms of aging-related disorders, oxidative stress, cell senescence, and cell death. Programmed cell death pathways that involve autophagy, apoptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis can play a critical role in metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders and oversee processes that include insulin resistance, β-cell function, mitochondrial integrity, reactive oxygen species release, and inflammatory cell activation. The silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), and Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) are novel targets that can oversee programmed cell death pathways tied to β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), nicotinamide, apolipoprotein E (APOE), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) exposure with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and trophic factors, such as erythropoietin (EPO). The pathways of programmed cell death, SIRT1, AMPK, and WISP1 offer exciting prospects for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and nervous system function that can be compromised during aging-related disorders and lead to cognitive impairment, but these pathways have dual roles in determining the ultimate fate of cells and organ systems that warrant thoughtful insight into complex autofeedback mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Innovation and Commercialization, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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2
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Huang P, Li Q. Comments on the effects of exercise and diet on oxidative stress and telomere length in breast cancer survivors. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023:10.1007/s10549-023-06987-z. [PMID: 37258936 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-06987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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3
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Li C, Zhang H, Wu H, Li R, Wen D, Tang Y, Gao Z, Xu R, Lu S, Wei Q, Zhao X, Pan M, Ma B. Intermittent fasting reverses the declining quality of aged oocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 195:74-88. [PMID: 36581058 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Decreased oocyte quality and compromised embryo development are particularly prevalent in older females, but the aging-related cellular processes and effective ameliorative approaches have not been fully characterized. Intermittent fasting (IF) can help improve health and extend lifespan; nevertheless, how it regulates reproductive aging and its mechanisms remain unclear. We used naturally aged mice to investigate the role of IF in reproduction and found that just one month of every-other-day fasting was sufficient to improve oocyte quality. IF not only increased antral follicle numbers and ovulation but also enhanced oocyte meiotic competence and embryonic development by improving both nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation in maternally aged oocytes. The beneficial effects of IF manifested as alleviation of spindle structure abnormalities and chromosome segregation errors and maintenance of the correct cytoplasmic organelle reorganization. Moreover, single-cell transcriptome analysis showed that the positive impact of IF on aged oocytes was mediated by restoration of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)/Sirt1-mediated antioxidant defense system, which eliminated excessive accumulated ROS to suppress DNA damage and apoptosis. Collectively, these findings suggest that IF is a feasible approach to protect oocytes against advanced maternal age-related oxidation damage and to improve the reproductive outcomes of aged females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxu Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaju Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihai Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoe Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Menghao Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baohua Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Zhang Y, Jelleschitz J, Grune T, Chen W, Zhao Y, Jia M, Wang Y, Liu Z, Höhn A. Methionine restriction - Association with redox homeostasis and implications on aging and diseases. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102464. [PMID: 36152485 PMCID: PMC9508608 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine is an essential amino acid, involved in the promotion of growth, immunity, and regulation of energy metabolism. Over the decades, research has long focused on the beneficial effects of methionine supplementation, while data on positive effects of methionine restriction (MR) were first published in 1993. MR is a low-methionine dietary intervention that has been reported to ameliorate aging and aging-related health concomitants and diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cognitive disorders. In addition, MR seems to be an approach to prolong lifespan which has been validated extensively in various animal models, such as Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, yeast, and murine models. MR appears to be associated with a reduction in oxidative stress via so far mainly undiscovered mechanisms, and these changes in redox status appear to be one of the underlying mechanisms for lifespan extension and beneficial health effects. In the present review, the association of methionine metabolism pathways with redox homeostasis is described. In addition, the effects of MR on lifespan, age-related implications, comorbidities, and diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Julia Jelleschitz
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany; NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany; Institute of Nutrition, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany
| | - Weixuan Chen
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yihang Zhao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mengzhen Jia
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Annika Höhn
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany.
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5
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Wang Z, Cui Y, Wen L, Yu H, Feng J, Yuan W, He X. Dietary Restriction against Parkinson's Disease: What We Know So Far. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194108. [PMID: 36235760 PMCID: PMC9571011 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is defined as a moderate reduction in food intake while avoiding malnutrition. The beneficial effects of DR are being increasingly acknowledged in aging and in a series of age-related neurodegenerative disorders, for example, Parkinson's disease (PD). To date, the pathogenesis of PD remains elusive and there is no cure for it in spite of intensive research over decades. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the efficacy of DR on PD, focusing on the underlying mechanisms involving general metabolism, neuroendocrinolgy, neuroinflammation, gut microbiome, and so on. We anticipate that this review will provide future perspectives for PD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yueran Cui
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Lulu Wen
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (X.H.); Tel.: +86-024-8328-3360 (W.Y.); +86-024-96615-28111 (X.H.)
| | - Xin He
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (X.H.); Tel.: +86-024-8328-3360 (W.Y.); +86-024-96615-28111 (X.H.)
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6
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Study on Extraction and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids from Hemerocallis fulva (Daylily) Leaves. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092916. [PMID: 35566266 PMCID: PMC9104616 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemerocallis fulva is a medical and edible plant. In this study, we optimized the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) process of extracting flavonoids from Hemerocallis fulva leaves by single-factor experiments and response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum extraction conditions generating the maximal total flavonoids content was as follows: 70.6% ethanol concentration; 43.9:1 mL/g solvent to sample ratio; 61.7 °C extraction temperature. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the total flavonoid content (TFC) in eight Hemerocallis fulva varieties were determined, and H. fulva (L.) L. var. kwanso Regel had the highest TFC. The cytotoxicity of the extract was studied using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8 assay). When the concentration was less than 1.25 mg/mL, the extract had no significant cytotoxicity to HaCaT cells. The antioxidant activity was measured via chemical antioxidant activity methods in vitro and via cellular antioxidant activity methods. The results indicated that the extract had a strong ABTS and •OH radical scavenging activity. Additionally, the extract had an excellent protective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative damage at a concentration of 1.25 mg/mL, which could effectively reduce the level of ROS to 106.681 ± 9.733% (p < 0.001), compared with the 163.995 ± 6.308% of the H2O2 group. We identified five flavonoids in the extracts using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Infrared spectroscopy indicated that the extract contained the structure of flavonoids. The results showed that the extract of Hemerocallis fulva leaves had excellent biocompatibility and antioxidant activity, and could be used as a cheap and potential source of antioxidants in the food, cosmetics, and medicine industries.
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Qian J, Fang Y, Yuan N, Gao X, Lv Y, Zhao C, Zhang S, Li Q, Li L, Xu L, Wei W, Wang J. Innate immune remodeling by short-term intensive fasting. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13507. [PMID: 34705313 PMCID: PMC8590100 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that long-term light or moderate fasting such as intermittent fasting can improve health and prolong lifespan. However, in humans short-term intensive fasting, a complete water-only fasting has little been studied. Here, we used multi-omics tools to evaluate the impact of short-term intensive fasting on immune function by comparison of the CD45+ leukocytes from the fasting subjects before and after 72-h fasting. Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of CD45+ leukocytes revealed extensive expression changes, marked by higher gene upregulation than downregulation after fasting. Functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes and proteins exposed several pathways critical to metabolic and immune cell functions. Specifically, short-term intensive fasting enhanced autophagy levels through upregulation of key members involved in the upstream signals and within the autophagy machinery, whereas apoptosis was reduced by down-turning of apoptotic gene expression, thereby increasing the leukocyte viability. When focusing on specific leukocyte populations, peripheral neutrophils are noticeably increased by short-term intensive fasting. Finally, proteomic analysis of leukocytes showed that short-term intensive fasting not only increased neutrophil degranulation, but also increased cytokine secretion. Our results suggest that short-term intensive fasting boost immune function, in particular innate immune function, at least in part by remodeling leukocytes expression profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Qian
- Research Center for Blood Engineering and ManufacturingCyrus Tang Medical InstituteNational Clinical Research Center for Hematologic DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyJiangsu Institute of HematologyInstitute of Blood and Marrow TransplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Soyo CenterSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yixuan Fang
- Research Center for Blood Engineering and ManufacturingCyrus Tang Medical InstituteNational Clinical Research Center for Hematologic DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyJiangsu Institute of HematologyInstitute of Blood and Marrow TransplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Soyo CenterSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Suzhou Ninth Hospital affiliated to Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Na Yuan
- Research Center for Blood Engineering and ManufacturingCyrus Tang Medical InstituteNational Clinical Research Center for Hematologic DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyJiangsu Institute of HematologyInstitute of Blood and Marrow TransplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Soyo CenterSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Suzhou Ninth Hospital affiliated to Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Xueqin Gao
- Research Center for Blood Engineering and ManufacturingCyrus Tang Medical InstituteNational Clinical Research Center for Hematologic DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyJiangsu Institute of HematologyInstitute of Blood and Marrow TransplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yaqi Lv
- Research Center for Blood Engineering and ManufacturingCyrus Tang Medical InstituteNational Clinical Research Center for Hematologic DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyJiangsu Institute of HematologyInstitute of Blood and Marrow TransplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Soyo CenterSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Chen Zhao
- Research Center for Blood Engineering and ManufacturingCyrus Tang Medical InstituteNational Clinical Research Center for Hematologic DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyJiangsu Institute of HematologyInstitute of Blood and Marrow TransplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Soyo CenterSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Suping Zhang
- Research Center for Blood Engineering and ManufacturingCyrus Tang Medical InstituteNational Clinical Research Center for Hematologic DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyJiangsu Institute of HematologyInstitute of Blood and Marrow TransplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Soyo CenterSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Suzhou Ninth Hospital affiliated to Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Quan Li
- Research Center for Blood Engineering and ManufacturingCyrus Tang Medical InstituteNational Clinical Research Center for Hematologic DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyJiangsu Institute of HematologyInstitute of Blood and Marrow TransplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Lei Li
- Research Center for Blood Engineering and ManufacturingCyrus Tang Medical InstituteNational Clinical Research Center for Hematologic DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyJiangsu Institute of HematologyInstitute of Blood and Marrow TransplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Soyo CenterSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Li Xu
- Research Center for Blood Engineering and ManufacturingCyrus Tang Medical InstituteNational Clinical Research Center for Hematologic DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyJiangsu Institute of HematologyInstitute of Blood and Marrow TransplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Soyo CenterSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Wen Wei
- Research Center for Blood Engineering and ManufacturingCyrus Tang Medical InstituteNational Clinical Research Center for Hematologic DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyJiangsu Institute of HematologyInstitute of Blood and Marrow TransplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Soyo CenterSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Jianrong Wang
- Research Center for Blood Engineering and ManufacturingCyrus Tang Medical InstituteNational Clinical Research Center for Hematologic DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyJiangsu Institute of HematologyInstitute of Blood and Marrow TransplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Soyo CenterSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Suzhou Ninth Hospital affiliated to Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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Maiese K. Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Gaining Insight through Circadian Clock Gene Pathways. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1002. [PMID: 34356626 PMCID: PMC8301848 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders affect fifteen percent of the world's population and pose a significant financial burden to all nations. Cognitive impairment is the seventh leading cause of death throughout the globe. Given the enormous challenges to treat cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, and the inability to markedly limit disease progression, circadian clock gene pathways offer an exciting strategy to address cognitive loss. Alterations in circadian clock genes can result in age-related motor deficits, affect treatment regimens with neurodegenerative disorders, and lead to the onset and progression of dementia. Interestingly, circadian pathways hold an intricate relationship with autophagy, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), the silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), mammalian forkhead transcription factors (FoxOs), and the trophic factor erythropoietin. Autophagy induction is necessary to maintain circadian rhythm homeostasis and limit cortical neurodegenerative disease, but requires a fine balance in biological activity to foster proper circadian clock gene regulation that is intimately dependent upon mTOR, SIRT1, FoxOs, and growth factor expression. Circadian rhythm mechanisms offer innovative prospects for the development of new avenues to comprehend the underlying mechanisms of cognitive loss and forge ahead with new therapeutics for dementia that can offer effective clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New York, NY 10022, USA
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Fang Y, Gu Y, Zhao C, Lv Y, Qian J, Zhu L, Yuan N, Zhang S, Wang L, Li M, Zhang Q, Xu L, Wei W, Li L, Ji L, Gao X, Zhang J, Shen Y, Chen Z, Wang G, Dai K, Wang J. Impact of supervised beego, a traditional Chinese water-only fasting, on thrombosis and haemostasis. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2021; 4:4-17. [PMID: 34308107 PMCID: PMC8258074 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Beego is a traditional Chinese complete water-only fasting practice initially developed for spiritual purposes, later extending to physical fitness purposes. Beego notably includes a psychological induction component that includes meditation and abdominal breathing, light body exercise and ends with a specific gradual refeeding program before returning to a normal diet. Beego has regained its popularity in recent decades in China as a strategy for helping people in subhealthy conditions or with metabolic syndrome, but we are unaware of any studies examining the biological effects of this practice. To address this, we here performed a longitudinal study of beego comprising fasting (7 and 14 day cohorts) and a 7-day programmed refeeding phase. In addition to detecting improvements in cardiovascular physiology and selective reduction of blood pressure in hypertensive subjects, we observed that beego decreased blood triacylglycerol (TG) selectively in TG-high subjects and increased cholesterol in all subjects during fasting; however, the cholesterol levels were normalised after completion of the refeeding program. Strikingly, beego reduced platelet formation, activation, aggregation and degranulation, resulting in an alleviated thrombosis risk, yet maintained haemostasis by sustaining levels of coagulation factors and other haemostatic proteins. Mechanistically, we speculate that downregulation of G6B and MYL9 may influence the observed beego-mediated reduction in platelets. Fundamentally, our study supports that supervised beego reduces thrombosis risk without compromising haemostasis capacity. Moreover, our results support that beego under medical supervision can be implemented as non-invasive intervention for reducing thrombosis risk, and suggest several lines of intriguing inquiry for future studies about this fasting practice (http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx, number, ChiCTR1900027451).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Fang
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Soyo Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Radioprotection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Soyo Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Soyo Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Lv
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Soyo Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Qian
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Soyo Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingjiang Zhu
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Soyo Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Na Yuan
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Soyo Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Radioprotection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Suping Zhang
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Soyo Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Radioprotection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Soyo Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Community Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengli Li
- Soyo Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Community Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Soyo Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Kinesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Xu
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Soyo Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen Wei
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Soyo Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Li
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Soyo Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Ji
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Soyo Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Gao
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Soyo Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Soyo Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yueping Shen
- Soyo Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zixing Chen
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Soyo Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kesheng Dai
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Radioprotection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianrong Wang
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Soyo Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Radioprotection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Maiese K. Nicotinamide as a Foundation for Treating Neurodegenerative Disease and Metabolic Disorders. Curr Neurovasc Res 2021; 18:134-149. [PMID: 33397266 PMCID: PMC8254823 DOI: 10.2174/1567202617999210104220334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders impact more than one billion individuals worldwide and are intimately tied to metabolic disease that can affect another nine hundred individuals throughout the globe. Nicotinamide is a critical agent that may offer fruitful prospects for neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus. Nicotinamide protects against multiple toxic environments that include reactive oxygen species exposure, anoxia, excitotoxicity, ethanolinduced neuronal injury, amyloid (Aß) toxicity, age-related vascular disease, mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, excess lactate production, and loss of glucose homeostasis with pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. However, nicotinamide offers cellular protection in a specific concentration range, with dosing outside of this range leading to detrimental effects. The underlying biological pathways of nicotinamide that involve the silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mammalian forkhead transcription factors (FoxOs) may offer insight for the clinical translation of nicotinamide into a safe and efficacious therapy through the modulation of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy. Nicotinamide is a highly promising target for the development of innovative strategies for neurodegenerative disorders and metabolic disease, but the benefits of this foundation depend greatly on gaining a further understanding of nicotinamide's complex biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New York, New York 10022
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Abstract
The global increase in lifespan noted not only in developed nations, but also in large developing countries parallels an observed increase in a significant number of non-communicable diseases, most notable neurodegenerative disorders. Neurodegenerative disorders present a number of challenges for treatment options that do not resolve disease progression. Furthermore, it is believed by the year 2030, the services required to treat cognitive disorders in the United States alone will exceed $2 trillion annually. Mammalian forkhead transcription factors, silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), the mechanistic target of rapamycin, and the pathways of autophagy and apoptosis offer exciting avenues to address these challenges by focusing upon core cellular mechanisms that may significantly impact nervous system disease. These pathways are intimately linked such as through cell signaling pathways involving protein kinase B and can foster, sometimes in conjunction with trophic factors, enhanced neuronal survival, reduction in toxic intracellular accumulations, and mitochondrial stability. Feedback mechanisms among these pathways also exist that can oversee reparative processes in the nervous system. However, mammalian forkhead transcription factors, silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1, mechanistic target of rapamycin, and autophagy can lead to cellular demise under some scenarios that may be dependent upon the precise cellular environment, warranting future studies to effectively translate these core pathways into successful clinical treatment strategies for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling New York, New York, NY, USA
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