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Osiewacz HD. Impact of Mitochondrial Architecture, Function, Redox Homeostasis, and Quality Control on Organismic Aging: Lessons from a Fungal Model System. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:948-967. [PMID: 38019044 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Mitochondria are eukaryotic organelles with various essential functions. They are both the source and the targets of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Different branches of a mitochondrial quality control system (mQCS), such as ROS balancing, degradation of damaged proteins, or whole mitochondria, can mitigate the adverse effects of ROS stress. However, the capacity of mQCS is limited. Overwhelming this capacity leads to dysfunctions and aging. Strategies to interfere into mitochondria-dependent human aging with the aim to increase the healthy period of life, the health span, rely on the precise knowledge of mitochondrial functions. Experimental models such as Podospora anserina, a filamentous fungus with a clear mitochondrial aging etiology, proved to be instrumental to reach this goal. Recent Advances: Investigations of the P. anserina mQCS revealed that it is constituted by a complex network of different branches. Moreover, mitochondrial architecture and lipid homeostasis emerged to affect aging. Critical Issues: The regulation of the mQCS is only incompletely understood. Details about the involved signaling molecules and interacting pathways remain to be elucidated. Moreover, most of the currently generated experimental data were generated in well-controlled experiments that do not reflect the constantly changing natural life conditions and bear the danger to miss relevant aspects leading to incorrect conclusions. Future Directions: In P. anserina, the precise impact of redox signaling as well as of molecular damaging for aging remains to be defined. Moreover, natural fluctuation of environmental conditions needs to be considered to generate a realistic picture of aging mechanisms as they developed during evolution.
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Queiroz MIC, Lazaro CM, Dos Santos LMB, Rentz T, Virgilio-da-Silva JV, Moraes-Vieira PMM, Cunha FAS, Santos JCC, Vercesi AE, Leite ACR, Oliveira HCF. In vivo chronic exposure to inorganic mercury worsens hypercholesterolemia, oxidative stress and atherosclerosis in the LDL receptor knockout mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 275:116254. [PMID: 38547729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal exposure leads to multiple system dysfunctions. The mechanisms are likely multifactorial and involve inflammation and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate markers and risk factors for atherosclerosis in the LDL receptor knockout mouse model chronically exposed to inorganic mercury (Hg) in the drinking water. Results revealed that Hg exposed mice present increased plasma levels of cholesterol, without alterations in glucose. As a major source and target of oxidants, we evaluated mitochondrial function. We found that liver mitochondria from Hg treated mice show worse respiratory control, lower oxidative phosphorylation efficiency and increased H2O2 release. In addition, Hg induced mitochondrial membrane permeability transition. Erythrocytes from Hg treated mice showed a 50% reduction in their ability to take up oxygen, lower levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, catalase and GPx). The Hg treatment disturbed immune system cells counting and function. While lymphocytes were reduced, monocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils were increased. Peritoneal macrophages from Hg treated mice showed increased phagocytic activity. Hg exposed mice tissues present metal impregnation and parenchymal architecture alterations. In agreement, increased systemic markers of liver and kidney dysfunction were observed. Plasma, liver and kidney oxidative damage indicators (MDA and carbonyl) were increased while GSH and thiol groups were diminished by Hg exposure. Importantly, atherosclerotic lesion size in the aorta root of Hg exposed mice were larger than in controls. In conclusion, in vivo chronic exposure to Hg worsens the hypercholesterolemia, impairs mitochondrial bioenergetics and redox function, alters immune cells profile and function, causes several tissues oxidative damage and accelerates atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara I C Queiroz
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotecnology, Federal University do Alagoas (UFAL), AL, Brazil
| | - Carolina M Lazaro
- Dept of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), SP, Brazil
| | - Lohanna M B Dos Santos
- Dept of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Rentz
- Dept of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), SP, Brazil
| | - João V Virgilio-da-Silva
- Dept Genetics and Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro M M Moraes-Vieira
- Dept Genetics and Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco A S Cunha
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotecnology, Federal University do Alagoas (UFAL), AL, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Josué C C Santos
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotecnology, Federal University do Alagoas (UFAL), AL, Brazil
| | - Anibal E Vercesi
- Dept of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Catarina R Leite
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotecnology, Federal University do Alagoas (UFAL), AL, Brazil.
| | - Helena C F Oliveira
- Dept of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), SP, Brazil.
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Marcon F, Salemi M, D’Ippolito C, Picardi A, Toccaceli V, Nisticò L, Alviti S, Siniscalchi E, Salani F, Varalda GM, Medda E, Fagnani C. Investigating Genetic and Environmental Substrates of the Relationship between Positive Mental Health and Biological Aging-A Study Protocol. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1720. [PMID: 38137168 PMCID: PMC10741945 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità) funded a 30-month project (July 2021-January 2024) to conduct a twin study of the relationships between Positive Mental Health (PMH) and cellular longevity. Only a few previous studies have focused on the biomarkers of aging in relation to psychological well-being, and none of them exploited the potential of the twin design. METHOD In this project, following the standard procedures of the Italian Twin Registry (ITR), we aim to recruit 200 adult twin pairs enrolled in the ITR. They are requested to complete a self-report questionnaire battery on PMH and to undergo a blood withdrawal for the assessment of aging biomarkers, i.e., telomere length and mitochondrial DNA functionality. The association between psychological and aging biomarker measures will be assessed, controlling for genetic and familial confounding effects using the twin study design. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Biomarker assays are underway. Once data are available for the total study sample, statistical analyses will be performed. The project's results may shed light on new mechanisms underlying the mind-body connection and may prove helpful to promote psychological well-being in conjunction with biological functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marcon
- Unit of Mechanisms/Biomarkers/Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.M.); (E.S.); (F.S.); (G.M.V.)
| | - Miriam Salemi
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (C.D.); (A.P.); (V.T.); (L.N.); (S.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Cristina D’Ippolito
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (C.D.); (A.P.); (V.T.); (L.N.); (S.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Angelo Picardi
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (C.D.); (A.P.); (V.T.); (L.N.); (S.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Virgilia Toccaceli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (C.D.); (A.P.); (V.T.); (L.N.); (S.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Lorenza Nisticò
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (C.D.); (A.P.); (V.T.); (L.N.); (S.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Sabrina Alviti
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (C.D.); (A.P.); (V.T.); (L.N.); (S.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Ester Siniscalchi
- Unit of Mechanisms/Biomarkers/Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.M.); (E.S.); (F.S.); (G.M.V.)
| | - Francesca Salani
- Unit of Mechanisms/Biomarkers/Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.M.); (E.S.); (F.S.); (G.M.V.)
| | - Giorgia Maria Varalda
- Unit of Mechanisms/Biomarkers/Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.M.); (E.S.); (F.S.); (G.M.V.)
| | - Emanuela Medda
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (C.D.); (A.P.); (V.T.); (L.N.); (S.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Corrado Fagnani
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (C.D.); (A.P.); (V.T.); (L.N.); (S.A.); (E.M.)
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Hamann A, Osiewacz HD. To die or not to die - How mitochondrial processes affect lifespan of Podospora anserina. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2022; 1863:148568. [PMID: 35533726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The filamentous ascomycete Podospora anserina is a well-established model system to study organismic aging. Its senescence syndrome has been investigated for more than fifty years and turned out to have a strong mitochondrial etiology. Several different mitochondrial pathways were demonstrated to affect aging and lifespan. Here, we present an update of the literature focusing on the cooperative interplay between different processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hamann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, J. W. Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Heinz D Osiewacz
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, J. W. Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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