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Gronwald BJ, Kijak K, Jezierska K, Gronwald HA, Kosko K, Matuszczak M, Bielawska-Victorini HB, Podraza W, Orzechowski L, Lietz-Kijak D. Influence of Freeze-Dried Diet on Oral Hygiene Indicators in Strict Isolation Condition of an Analog Space Mission. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031367. [PMID: 35162395 PMCID: PMC8834969 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Analog space missions were created to study the human factor in extraordinary conditions that would occur in future space habitats. Isolation has been shown to cause stress and disrupt individuals’ daily routine, which can also affect their oral hygiene and lead to an increased risk of dental caries and gingivitis. The astronauts’ specific freeze-dried diet is associated with “lazy” chewing, potential dehydration and vitamin A deficiency, which may adversely affect their saliva. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of the freeze-dried diet on selected oral hygiene indicators in analog astronauts (AA) enduring strict isolation conditions during six consecutive analog space missions at the LunAres Research Station. During the experiment the oral hygiene and gingival inflammation status measurements were conducted on the group of AAs at the beginning and at the end of each mission. Measurements included four oral hygiene indicators: API, sOHI, PI by Silness and Loe and GBI by Ainamo and Bay. Each AA’s individual scores were noted and analyzed. Statistically significant reduction in the amount of plaque and intensity of gingival bleeding was observed over the course of the study, which could indicate positive results of applied oral hygiene procedures despite unfavorable dietary and stressful isolation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Janina Gronwald
- Doctoral Study at the Department of Propaedeutics, Physical Diagnostics and Dental Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+48-512377448
| | - Karina Kijak
- Scientific Student Group STO-MATER-FIZ at the Department of Propaedeutics, Physical Diagnostics and Dental Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Karolina Jezierska
- Department of Medical Physics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-073 Szczecin, Poland; (K.J.); (W.P.)
| | - Helena Anna Gronwald
- Department of Propaedeutics, Physical Diagnostics and Dental Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (H.A.G.); (D.L.-K.)
| | - Kamil Kosko
- Individual Dental Practice Kamil Kosko, 62-510 Konin, Poland;
| | - Mikołaj Matuszczak
- Scientific Student Group STO-MATER-FIZ at the Department of Propaedeutics, Physical Diagnostics and Dental Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.); (M.M.)
| | | | - Wojciech Podraza
- Department of Medical Physics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-073 Szczecin, Poland; (K.J.); (W.P.)
| | | | - Danuta Lietz-Kijak
- Department of Propaedeutics, Physical Diagnostics and Dental Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (H.A.G.); (D.L.-K.)
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Lymer EA, Konstantinidis M, Lalla EA, Daly MG, Tait KT. UV Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Amino Acids Found in Meteorites: Implications for Space Science and Exploration. ASTROBIOLOGY 2021; 21:1350-1362. [PMID: 34314603 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy is a useful laboratory and in situ technique for planetary exploration, with applications in biosignature detection and the search for life on Mars. However, little work has been completed on the utility of fluorescence spectroscopy techniques on asteroid relevant material. In preparation for asteroid sample return missions such as NASA's OSIRIS-REx and JAXA's Hayabusa2, we conducted UV time resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TR-LIF) analysis of 10 amino acids, all of which have been found in the carbonaceous meteorites Murchison and Allende. We present the calculation of decay rates of each amino acid (1.55-3.56 ns) and compare with those of relevant homogeneous minerals (15-70 ns). Moreover, we demonstrate a linear relationship between calculated lifetimes and elemental abundance of nitrogen and carbon (p < 0.025). The quantitative and qualitative fluorescence analyses presented in this work will lead to more reliable identification of organic material within meteorites and asteroids in a time-efficient, minimally destructive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Lymer
- Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Menelaos Konstantinidis
- Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, York University, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Emmanuel A Lalla
- Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael G Daly
- Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kimberly T Tait
- Department of Natural History, Centre for Applied Planetary Mineralogy, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada
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Lalla E, Konstantinidis M, Czakler C, Garnitschnig S, Hickson D, Such P, Losiak A, Ercoli M, Frigeri A, Hofmann A, Lucic T, Seikora N, Suchantke I, Gruber S, Groemer G. Remote science activities during the AMADEE-18 Mars analog mission: Preparation and execution during a simulated planetary surface mission. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsse.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Frigeri A, Ercoli M. The ScanMars Subsurface Radar Sounding Experiment on AMADEE-18. ASTROBIOLOGY 2020; 20:1338-1352. [PMID: 33179967 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2019.2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial simulations for crewed missions are critically important for testing technologies and improving methods and procedures for future robotic and human planetary exploration. In February 2018, AMADEE-18 simulated a mission to Mars in the Dhofar region of Oman. During the mission, a field crew coordinated by the Österreichisches Weltraum Forum (OeWF) accomplished several experiments in the fields of astrobiology, space physiology and medicine, geology, and geophysics. Within the scientific payload of AMADEE-18, ScanMars provided geophysical radar imaging of the subsurface at the simulated landing site and was operated by analog astronauts wearing spacesuits during extra-vehicular activities. The analog astronauts were trained to operate a ground-penetrating radar instrument that transmits and then collects radio waves carrying information about the geological setting of the first few meters of the subsurface. The data presented in this work show signal returns from structures down to 4 m depth, associated with the geology of the investigated rocks. Integrating radar data and the analog astronauts' observations of the geology at the surface, it was possible to identify the contact between shallow sediments and bedrock, the local occurrence of conductive soils, and the presence of pebbly materials in the shallow subsurface, which together describe the geology of recent loose sediments overlying an older deformed bedrock. The results obtained by ScanMars confirm that subsurface radar sounding at martian landing sites is key for the geological characterization at shallow depths. The geologic model of the subsurface can be used as the basis for reconstructing palaeoenvironments and paleo-habitats, thus assisting scientific investigations looking for traces of present or past life on the Red Planet. Highlights The ScanMars experiment brings a ground-penetrating radar to the AMADEE-18 simulated Mars mission. The ScanMars radar was operated following procedures and training developed before the mission. Approximately 2000 m of radar data profiles have been acquired during the analog mission. Combining the results for ScanMars, orbital remote sensing data, and first-person observation in the field while wearing spacesuits (analog astronauts), it was possible to generate a geological model at the AMADEE-18 study site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Frigeri
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ercoli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Groemer G, Gruber S, Uebermasser S, Soucek A, Lalla EA, Lousada J, Sams S, Sejkora N, Garnitschnig S, Sattler B, Such P. The AMADEE-18 Mars Analog Expedition in the Dhofar Region of Oman. ASTROBIOLOGY 2020; 20:1276-1286. [PMID: 33179971 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2019.2031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
From February 1 to 28, 2018, the Austrian Space Forum, in cooperation with the Oman Astronomical Society and research teams from 25 nations, conducted the AMADEE-18 mission, a human-robotic Mars expedition simulation in the Dhofar region in the Sultanate of Oman. A carefully selected field crew, supported by a Mission Support Center in Innsbruck, Austria, conducted 19 experiments relevant to astrobiology, engineering disciplines, geoscience, operations research, and human factors. This expedition was the 12th in a series of analog missions that emulate selected aspects of the science expected for a human Mars mission, including the characterization of the (paleo)geological environment, human factors studies, and the search for biomarkers. In particular, an Exploration Cascade was deployed as a suggested workflow for coordinating the timing and location of the respective instruments and experiments. In validation of this workflow, the decision-making interaction between the field and the Mission Support Center was studied. This article introduces the AMADEE-18 mission and provides the mission-specific context for the other contributions of this special issue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophie Gruber
- Austrian Space Forum, Innsbruck, Austria
- University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Uebermasser
- Austrian Space Forum, Innsbruck, Austria
- Austrian Institute of Technology Center for Energy, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Soucek
- Austrian Space Forum, Innsbruck, Austria
- European Space Agency, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel A Lalla
- Austrian Space Forum, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Birgit Sattler
- Austrian Space Forum, Innsbruck, Austria
- University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pamela Such
- Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science (CRESS), York University, Toronto, Canada
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