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Weng L. Technologies and Applications Toward Preservation of Cells in a Dry State for Therapies. Biopreserv Biobank 2021; 19:332-341. [PMID: 33493407 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2020.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapeutics promise to transform the treatment of a wide range of diseases, many of which, up to this point, are incurable. During the past decade, an increasing number of cell therapies have been approved by government regulatory agencies in the United States, Europe, and Japan. Thousands of clinical trials based on live cell therapies are now taking place around the world. But most of these live cell therapies face temporal and/or spatial distances between manufacture and administration, posing a risk of degradation in potency. Cryopreservation has become the predominant biobanking approach to maintain the product's safety and efficacy during transportation and storage. However, the necessity of cryogenic shipment and storage could limit patient access to these emerging therapies and increase the costs of logistics. In the (bio)pharmaceutical industries, freeze-drying and desiccation are established preservation procedures for manufacturing small molecule drugs, liposomes, and monoclonal antibodies. Over the past two decades, there has been a growing body of research exploring the freeze-drying or drying of mammalian cells, with varying degrees of success. This article provides an overview of the technologies that were adopted or developed in these pioneering studies, paving the road toward the preservation of cell-based therapeutics in a dry state for biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindong Weng
- Sana Biotechnology, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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2
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Young M, Antczak A, Wawak A, Elliott G, Trammell S. Light-assisted drying for protein stabilization. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-8. [PMID: 30022643 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.7.075007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A light-based processing method to create an amorphous trehalose matrix for the stabilization of proteins is discussed. This method has potential applications in the stabilization of protein-based therapeutics and diagnostics. During light-assisted drying (LAD), proteins suspended in a trehalose solution are dehydrated using near-infrared (NIR) laser light. The goal of this study was to determine processing parameters that resulted in fast processing times and low end moisture contents (EMC), while maintaining the functionality of embedded proteins. We compared the effect of changing processing wavelength, power and resulting sample temperature, and substrate material on the EMC for two NIR laser sources (1064 and 1850 nm). The 1850-nm laser resulted in the lowest EMC (0.03 ± 0.01 gH2O / gDryWeight) after 20 min of processing on glass microfiber paper. This suggests a storage temperature of 68.3°C. We also tested the functionality of a model protein, lysozyme, after LAD processing using a standard assay. LAD showed no significant effect on the functionality of lysozyme when processed at a maximum temperature of ∼44 ° C to an EMC of 0.17 ± 0.06 gH2O / gDryWeight. LAD is a promising technique for forming amorphous trehalose solids that could stabilize proteins at ambient temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Young
- The Univ. of North Carolina at Charlotte, United States
| | | | - Amanda Wawak
- The Univ. of North Carolina at Charlotte, United States
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Solocinski J, Osgood QA, Rosiek E, Underwood L, Zikanov O, Chakraborty N. Development of a surface tension mediated technique for dry stabilization of mammalian cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193160. [PMID: 29505556 PMCID: PMC5837090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry state preservation at ambient temperatures (lyopreservation) is a biomimetic alternative to low temperature stabilization (cryopreservation) of biological materials. Lyopreservation is hypothesized to rely upon the creation of a glassy environment, which is commonly observed in desiccation-tolerant organisms. Non-uniformities in dried samples have been indicated as one of the reasons for instability in storage outcome. The current study presents a simple, fast, and uniform surface tension based technique that can be implemented for lyopreservation of mammalian cells. The technique involves withdrawing cells attached to rigid substrates to be submerged in a solution of lyoprotectant and then withdrawing the samples at a specific rate to an inert environment. This creates a uniform thin film of desiccated lyoprotectant due to sudden change of surface tension. The residual moisture contents at different locations in the desiccated film was quantified using a spatially resolved Raman microspectroscopy technique. Post-desiccation cellular viability and growth are quantified using fluorescent microscopy and dye exclusion assays. Cellular injury following desiccation is evaluated by bioenergetic quantification of metabolic functions using extracellular flux analysis and by a Raman microspectroscopic analysis of change in membrane structure. The technique developed here addresses an important bottleneck of lyoprocessing which requires the fast and uniform desiccation of cellular samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Solocinski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Quinn A. Osgood
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, United States of America
- OtziBio LLC, Livonia, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Eric Rosiek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Lukas Underwood
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Oleg Zikanov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Nilay Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Schulte MJ, Solocinski J, Wang M, Kovacs M, Kilgore R, Osgood Q, Underwood L, Flickinger MC, Chakraborty N. A technique for lyopreservation of Clostridium ljungdahlii in a biocomposite matrix for CO absorption. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180806. [PMID: 28678828 PMCID: PMC5498057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A system capable of biocatalytic conversion of distributed sources of single carbon gases such as carbon monoxide into hydrocarbons can be highly beneficial for developing commercially viable biotechnology applications in alternative energy. Several anaerobic bacterial strains can be used for such conversion. The anaerobic carbon monoxide-fixing bacteria Clostridium ljungdahlii OTA1 is a model CO assimilating microorganism that currently requires cryogenic temperature for storage of the viable strains. If these organisms can be stabilized and concentrated in thin films in advanced porous materials, it will enable development of high gas fraction, biocomposite absorbers with elevated carbon monoxide (CO) mass transfer rate, that require minimal power input and liquid, and demonstrate elevated substrate consumption rate compared to conventional suspended cell bioreactors. We report development of a technique for dry-stabilization of C. ljungdahlii OTA1 on a paper biocomposite. Bacterial samples coated onto paper were desiccated in the presence of trehalose using convective drying and stored at 4°C. Optimal dryness was ~1g H2O per gram of dry weight (gDW). CO uptake directly following biocomposite rehydration steadily increases over time indicating immediate cellular metabolic recovery. A high-resolution Raman microspectroscopic hyperspectral imaging technique was employed to spatially quantify the residual moisture content. We have demonstrated for the first time that convectively dried and stored C. ljungdahlii strains were stabilized in a desiccated state for over 38 days without a loss in CO absorbing reactivity. The Raman hyperspectral imaging technique described here is a non-invasive characterization tool to support development of dry-stabilization techniques for microorganisms on inexpensive porous support materials. The present study successfully extends and implements the principles of dry-stabilization for preservation of strictly anaerobic bacteria as an alternative to lyophilization or spray drying that could enable centralized biocomposite biocatalyst fabrication and decentralized bioprocessing of CO to liquid fuels or chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Schulte
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jason Solocinski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Mian Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Michelle Kovacs
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ryan Kilgore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Quinn Osgood
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Lukas Underwood
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Michael C. Flickinger
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NC); (MF)
| | - Nilay Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NC); (MF)
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Muller R, Betsou F, Barnes MG, Harding K, Bonnet J, Kofanova O, Crowe JH. Preservation of Biospecimens at Ambient Temperature: Special Focus on Nucleic Acids and Opportunities for the Biobanking Community. Biopreserv Biobank 2016; 14:89-98. [DOI: 10.1089/bio.2015.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fay Betsou
- Integrated Biobank of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Keith Harding
- Damar Research Scientists, Damar, Cupar Muir, United Kingdom
| | - Jacques Bonnet
- Imagene, Genopole Campus 1, Evry, France
- Université de Bordeaux Segalen, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Olga Kofanova
- Integrated Biobank of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - John H. Crowe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California
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Elliott GD, Lee PC, Paramore E, Van Vorst M, Comizzoli P. Resilience of oocyte germinal vesicles to microwave-assisted drying in the domestic cat model. Biopreserv Biobank 2015; 13:164-71. [PMID: 26035005 PMCID: PMC4559202 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2014.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to compact and inject the cat germinal vesicle (GV) into a recipient cytoplast allows exploration of a new fertility preservation strategy that avoids whole oocyte freezing. The objective of the present study was to understand the impact of water loss and storage time on GV DNA integrity. Immature cat oocytes were exposed to 1.5 M trehalose for 10 min before microwave-assisted dehydration for 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, or 40 min. Oocytes then were rehydrated to assess chromatin configuration and the incidence of DNA fragmentation (TUNEL assay). The moisture content progressively decreased (p<0.05) from 1.7 to 0.1 gH2O/gDW over the first 30 min, but did not decrease further (p>0.05) after 40 min. Chromatin configuration was unaffected (p>0.05) over time. The percentage of GVs with DNA fragmentation was unaltered (p>0.05) from 0 to 30 min of treatment (range, 6.1%-12%), but increased (p<0.05) to 32.5% after 40 min. Next, the influence of storage at two different supra-zero temperatures after 30 min of drying was investigated. Oocyte-loaded, microwave-treated filters were individually sealed in Dri-Shield moisture barrier bags and stored at 4°C or ambient temperature for 0 to 8 weeks. Moisture contents gradually decreased (p<0.05) from 0.12 to 0.10 gH2O/gDW after 8 weeks of storage at 4°C or ambient temperature. The percentage of GVs with DNA fragmentation more than doubled (p<0.05) from 0 (14.3%) to 2 days (30.0%-33.0%), but remained stable (p>0.05) thereafter (1 through 4 weeks, 25.0%-35.0%). Collective results demonstrate the feasibility of using microwave processing to dehydrate the mammalian GV to a moisture content that is nonlethal and enables nonfrozen storage, an alternative approach for preserving the maternal genome at cool or ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria D Elliott
- 1Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Pei-Chih Lee
- 2Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Elisha Paramore
- 1Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Matthew Van Vorst
- 1Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Pierre Comizzoli
- 2Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, District of Columbia
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Cellemme SL, Van Vorst M, Paramore E, Elliott GD. Advancing microwave technology for dehydration processing of biologics. Biopreserv Biobank 2015; 11:278-84. [PMID: 24835259 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2013.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Our prior work has shown that microwave processing can be effective as a method for dehydrating cell-based suspensions in preparation for anhydrous storage, yielding homogenous samples with predictable and reproducible drying times. In the current work an optimized microwave-based drying process was developed that expands upon this previous proof-of-concept. Utilization of a commercial microwave (CEM SAM 255, Matthews, NC) enabled continuous drying at variable low power settings. A new turntable was manufactured from Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMW-PE; Grainger, Lake Forest, IL) to provide for drying of up to 12 samples at a time. The new process enabled rapid and simultaneous drying of multiple samples in containment devices suitable for long-term storage and aseptic rehydration of the sample. To determine sample repeatability and consistency of drying within the microwave cavity, a concentration series of aqueous trehalose solutions were dried for specific intervals and water content assessed using Karl Fischer Titration at the end of each processing period. Samples were dried on Whatman S-14 conjugate release filters (Whatman, Maidestone, UK), a glass fiber membrane used currently in clinical laboratories. The filters were cut to size for use in a 13 mm Swinnex(®) syringe filter holder (Millipore(™), Billerica, MA). Samples of 40 μL volume could be dehydrated to the equilibrium moisture content by continuous processing at 20% with excellent sample-to-sample repeatability. The microwave-assisted procedure enabled high throughput, repeatable drying of multiple samples, in a manner easily adaptable for drying a wide array of biological samples. Depending on the tolerance for sample heating, the drying time can be altered by changing the power level of the microwave unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Cellemme
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte , Charlotte, North Carolina
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8
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Sitaula R, Jimenez J, Bhowmick S. Osmotic Damage as a Predictor of Motility Loss During Convective Desiccation of Bovine Sperm. Biopreserv Biobank 2013; 11:371-8. [DOI: 10.1089/bio.2013.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Sitaula
- Bioengineering and Biotechnology Program, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts
| | - Jorge Jimenez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts
| | - Sankha Bhowmick
- Bioengineering and Biotechnology Program, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts
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9
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Lee SYS, Sun CHB, Kuo TF, Huang YH, Jeng JH, Yang JC, Yang WCV. Determination of Cryoprotectant for Magnetic Cryopreservation of Dental Pulp Tissue. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2012; 18:397-407. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yang Sean Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Teeth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsuan Benson Sun
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Fu Kuo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chang Yang
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Vivian Yang
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chakraborty N, Menze MA, Malsam J, Aksan A, Hand SC, Toner M. Cryopreservation of spin-dried mammalian cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24916. [PMID: 21966385 PMCID: PMC3178566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports an alternative approach to achieve vitrification where cells are pre-desiccated prior to cooling to cryogenic temperatures for storage. Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells suspended in a trehalose solution were rapidly and uniformly desiccated to a low moisture content (<0.12 g of water per g of dry weight) using a spin-drying technique. Trehalose was also introduced into the cells using a high-capacity trehalose transporter (TRET1). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to examine the uniformity of water concentration distribution in the spin-dried samples. 62% of the cells were shown to survive spin-drying in the presence of trehalose following immediate rehydration. The spin-dried samples were stored in liquid nitrogen (LN(2)) at a vitrified state. It was shown that following re-warming to room temperature and re-hydration with a fully complemented cell culture medium, 51% of the spin-dried and vitrified cells survived and demonstrated normal growth characteristics. Spin-drying is a novel strategy that can be used to improve cryopreservation outcome by promoting rapid vitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Chakraborty
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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A Spin-Drying Technique for Lyopreservation of Mammalian Cells. Ann Biomed Eng 2011; 39:1582-91. [PMID: 21293974 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Chakraborty N, Biswas D, Elliott GD. A Simple Mechanistic Way to Increase the Survival of Mammalian Cells During Processing for Dry Storage. Biopreserv Biobank 2010; 8:107-14. [DOI: 10.1089/bio.2010.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Debasree Biswas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Gloria D. Elliott
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina
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13
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Liu J, Mullen S, Meng Q, Critser J, Dinnyes A. Determination of oocyte membrane permeability coefficients and their application to cryopreservation in a rabbit model. Cryobiology 2009; 59:127-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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