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Gaspar LS, Santana MM, Henriques C, Pinto MM, Ribeiro-Rodrigues TM, Girão H, Nobre RJ, Pereira de Almeida L. Simple and Fast SEC-Based Protocol to Isolate Human Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Transcriptional Research. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 18:723-737. [PMID: 32913880 PMCID: PMC7452272 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous structures that protect RNAs from damage when circulating in complex biological fluids, such as plasma. RNAs are extremely specific to health and disease, being powerful tools for diagnosis, treatment response monitoring, and development of new therapeutic strategies for several diseases. In this context, EVs are potential sources of disease biomarkers and promising delivery vehicles. However, standardized and reproducible EV isolation protocols easy to implement in clinical practice are missing. Here, a size exclusion chromatography-based protocol for EV-isolation from human plasma was optimized. We propose a workflow to isolate EVs for transcriptional research that allows concomitant analysis of particle number and size, total protein, and quantification of a major plasma contaminant. This protocol yields 7.54 × 109 ± 1.22 × 108 particles, quantified by nanoparticle tracking analysis, with a mean size of 115.7 ± 11.12 nm and a mode size of 83.13 ± 4.72 nm, in a ratio of 1.19 × 1010 ± 7.38 × 109 particles/μg of protein, determined by Micro Bicinchoninic Acid (BCA) Protein Assay, and 3.09 ± 0.7 ng RNA, assessed by fluorescence-based RNA-quantitation, from only 900 μL of plasma. The protocol is fast and easy to implement and has potential for application in biomarkers research, therapeutic strategies development, and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia S Gaspar
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Magda M Santana
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carina Henriques
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,ViraVector, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria M Pinto
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa M Ribeiro-Rodrigues
- Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Girão
- Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Jorge Nobre
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal.,ViraVector, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,ViraVector, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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Gandham S, Su X, Wood J, Nocera AL, Alli SC, Milane L, Zimmerman A, Amiji M, Ivanov AR. Technologies and Standardization in Research on Extracellular Vesicles. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:1066-1098. [PMID: 32564882 PMCID: PMC7302792 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipid bilayer membrane-enclosed structures containing RNAs, proteins, lipids, metabolites, and other molecules, secreted by various cells into physiological fluids. EV-mediated transfer of biomolecules is a critical component of a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Potential applications of EVs in novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies have brought increasing attention. However, EV research remains highly challenging due to the inherently complex biogenesis of EVs and their vast heterogeneity in size, composition, and origin. There is a need for the establishment of standardized methods that address EV heterogeneity and sources of pre-analytical and analytical variability in EV studies. Here, we review technologies developed for EV isolation and characterization and discuss paths toward standardization in EV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srujan Gandham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xianyi Su
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jacqueline Wood
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Angela L Nocera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarath Chandra Alli
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lara Milane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alan Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mansoor Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander R Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Gils C, Nybo M. Quality Control of Preanalytical Handling of Blood Samples for Future Research: A National Survey. J Appl Lab Med 2020; 5:83-90. [PMID: 31811074 DOI: 10.1373/jalm.2019.029942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment and control of preanalytical handling of blood samples for future research are essential to preserve integrity and assure quality of the specimens. However, investigation is limited on how quality control of preanalytical handling of blood samples is performed by biobanks. METHODS A questionnaire was sent to all Danish departments of clinical biochemistry, all Danish departments of clinical immunology, the Danish Health Surveillance Institution and the Danish Cancer Society. The questionnaire consisted of questions regarding preanalytical handling of samples for future research. The survey was carried out from October 2018 until the end of January 2019. RESULTS A total of 22 departments (78%) replied, of which 17 (77%) performed preanalytical quality control of the blood samples. This quality control consisted of patient preparation, temperature surveillance of freezers, maintenance of centrifuges, and visual inspection for hemolysis, lipemia, and sample volume. Automated sample check for hemolysis, icterus, and lipemia interferences was performed by 41% of respondents, not performed by 50% of respondents, and 9% did not answer. The majority (55%) of the participants stated that they had no local standard operating procedure for preanalytical handling of samples for research projects. CONCLUSIONS The preanalytical phase for blood samples obtained and preserved for future research in Denmark is highly heterogeneous, although many aspects (e.g., hemolysis, which also affects DNA analyses, metabolomics, and proteomics) seems highly relevant to document. Our findings emphasize the need to optimize and standardize best practices for the preanalytical phase for blood samples intended for use in future research projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Gils
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mads Nybo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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