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Kim WK, Son YS, Lim JH, Kim WH, Kang BJ. Neural stem/progenitor cells from adult canine cervical spinal cord have the potential to differentiate into neural lineage cells. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:193. [PMID: 37803301 PMCID: PMC10557334 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03757-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND • Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) are multipotent self-renewing cells that can be isolated from the brain or spinal cord. As they need to be isolated from neural tissues, it is difficult to study human NSPCs. To facilitate NSPC research, we attempted to isolate NSPCs from dogs, as dogs share the environment and having many similar diseases with humans. We collected and established primary cultures of ependymal and subependymal cells from the central canal of the cervical spinal cord of adult dogs. To isolate pure NSPCs, we employed the monolayer culture and selective medium culture methods. We further tested the ability of the NSPCs to form neurospheres (using the suspension culture method) and evaluated their differentiation potential. RESULTS • The cells had the ability to grow as cultures for up to 10 passages; the growth curves of the cells at the 3rd, 6th, and 9th passages showed similar patterns. The NSPCs were able to grow as neurospheres as well as monolayers, and immunostaining at the 3rd, 6th, and 9th passages showed that these cells expressed NSPC markers such as nestin and SOX2 (immunofluorescent staining). Monolayer cultures of NSPCs at the 3rd, 6th, and 9th passages were cultured for approximately 14 days using a differentiation medium and were observed to successfully differentiate into neural lineage and glial cells (astrocytes, neurons, and oligodendrocytes) at all the three passages tested. CONCLUSION • It is feasible to isolate and propagate (up to at least 10 passages) canine cervical spinal cord-derived NSPCs with the capacity to differentiate into neuronal and glial cells. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to successfully isolate, propagate, and differentiate canine NSPCs derived from cervical spinal cord in the adult canine, and we believe that these cells will contribute to the field of spinal cord regeneration in veterinary and comparative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Keyoung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Yeon Sung Son
- Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hey Lim
- Department of Neurology/Neurosurgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, USA
| | - Wan Hee Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Byung-Jae Kang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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Marozin S, Simon-Nobbe B, Irausek S, Chung LWK, Lepperdinger G. Kinship of conditionally immortalized cells derived from fetal bone to human bone-derived mesenchymal stroma cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10933. [PMID: 34035368 PMCID: PMC8149839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The human fetal osteoblast cell line (hFOB 1.19) has been proposed as an accessible experimental model for study of osteoblast biology relating to drug development and biomaterial engineering. For their multilineage differentiation potential, hFOB has been compared to human mesenchymal progenitor cells and used to investigate bone-metabolism in vitro. Hereby, we studied whether and to what extent the conditionally immortalized cell line hFOB 1.19 can serve as a surrogate model for bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (bmMSC). hFOB indeed exhibit specific characteristics reminiscent of bmMSC, as colony formation, migration capacity and the propensity to grow as multicellular aggregates. After prolonged culture, in contrast to the expected effect of immortalization, hFOB acquired a delayed growth rate. In close resemblance to bmMSC at increasing passages, also hFOB showed morphological abnormalities, enlargement and finally reduced proliferation rates together with enhanced expression of the cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p16. hFOB not only have the ability to undergo multilineage differentiation but portray several important aspects of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. Superior to primary MSC and osteoblasts, hFOB enabled the generation of continuous cell lines. These provide an advanced basis for investigating age-related dysfunctions of MSCs in an in vitro 3D-stem cell microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Marozin
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - B Simon-Nobbe
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - S Irausek
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - L W K Chung
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Dept. of Medicine, 8700 Beverly Blvd b106, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - G Lepperdinger
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
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The Effect of Cultivation Passaging on the Relative Telomere Length and Proliferation Capacity of Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030464. [PMID: 33804786 PMCID: PMC8035981 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are repetitive nucleoprotein DNA sequences that shorten with each cell division. The stem cells activate telomerase to compensate for the telomere loss. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cultivation passaging on the relative telomere length and proliferation capacity of dental pulp stem cells. We used ten dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) lineages stored for 12 months using uncontrolled-rate freezing to reach the study’s goal. We analyzed their proliferation rate, phenotype using flow cytometry, multipotency, and relative telomere length using a qPCR analysis. We determined the relative telomere length in the added study by performing analysis after one, two, and three weeks of cultivation with no passaging. We documented the telomere attrition with increasing passaging. The shorter the relative telomere length, the lower reached population doublings, and longer population doubling time were observed at the end of the cultivation. We observed the telomere prolongation in DPSCs cultivated for two weeks with no passaging in the added subsequent study. We concluded that excessive proliferation demands on DPSCs during in vitro cultivation result in telomere attrition. We opened the theory that the telomerase might be more efficient during cell cultivation with no passaging. This observation could help in preserving the telomere length during ex vivo DPSC expansion.
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Sun C, Wang K, Stock AJ, Gong Y, Demarest TG, Yang B, Giri N, Harrington L, Alter BP, Savage SA, Bohr VA, Liu Y. Re-equilibration of imbalanced NAD metabolism ameliorates the impact of telomere dysfunction. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103420. [PMID: 32935380 PMCID: PMC7604620 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Short telomeres are a principal defining feature of telomere biology disorders, such as dyskeratosis congenita (DC), for which there are no effective treatments. Here, we report that primary fibroblasts from DC patients and late generation telomerase knockout mice display lower nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels, and an imbalance in the NAD metabolome that includes elevated CD38 NADase and reduced poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase and SIRT1 activities, respectively, affecting many associated biological pathways. Supplementation with the NAD precursor, nicotinamide riboside, and CD38 inhibition improved NAD homeostasis, thereby alleviating telomere damage, defective mitochondrial biosynthesis and clearance, cell growth retardation, and cellular senescence of DC fibroblasts. These findings reveal a direct, underlying role of NAD dysregulation when telomeres are short and underscore its relevance to the pathophysiology and interventions of human telomere‐driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongkui Sun
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kun Wang
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amanda J Stock
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yi Gong
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tyler G Demarest
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Beimeng Yang
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neelam Giri
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lea Harrington
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Blanche P Alter
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yie Liu
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Shojaei F, Rahmati S, Banitalebi Dehkordi M. A review on different methods to increase the efficiency of mesenchymal stem cell-based wound therapy. Wound Repair Regen 2019; 27:661-671. [PMID: 31298446 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) accelerate wound healing but the harsh environment of wound site limits the engraftment, retention, and survival rate of transplanted cells. There are multiple approaches that amplify the therapeutic potential of MSCs. The MSCs derived from medical waste material, provide comparable regenerative abilities compared to traditional sources. The application of different scaffolds increases MSC delivery and migration into the wound. The spheroid culture of MSC increases the paracrine effects of the entrapped cells and the secretion of pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The MSC pretreating and preconditioning enhances the cell migration, proliferation, and survival rate, which lead to higher angiogenesis, re-epithelialization, wound closure, and granulation tissue formation. Moreover, genetic modification has been performed in order to increase MSC angiogenesis, differentiation potential, as well as the cell life span. Herein, we review the results of aforementioned approaches and provide information accommodating to the continued development of MSC-based wound therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Shojaei
- Department of Medical biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Shima Rahmati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Banitalebi Dehkordi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Samiec M, Romanek J, Lipiński D, Opiela J. Expression of pluripotency-related genes is highly dependent on trichostatin A-assisted epigenomic modulation of porcine mesenchymal stem cells analysed for apoptosis and subsequently used for generating cloned embryos. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:1127-1141. [PMID: 31298467 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study sought to examine whether trichostatin A (TSA)-assisted epigenetic transformation of porcine bone marrow (BM)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) affects the transcriptional activities of pluripotency-related genes (Oct4, Nanog, c-Myc, Sox2 and Rex1), multipotent stemness-related gene (Nestin) and anti-apoptotic/anti-senescence-related gene (Survivin). Epigenetically transformed or non-transformed BM-MSCs that had been transcriptionally profiled by qRT-PCR and had been analysed for different stages of apoptosis progression provided a source of nuclear donor cells for the in vitro production of cloned pig embryos. TSA-mediated epigenomic modulation has been found to enhance the multipotency extent, stemness and intracellular anti-ageing properties of porcine BM-MSCs. This has been confirmed by the relative abundances for Nanog, c-Myc Rex1, Sox2 and Survivin mRNAs in TSA-exposed BM-MSCs that turned out to be significantly higher than those of TSA-unexposed BM-MSCs. Additionally, TSA-assisted epigenomic modulation of BM-MSCs did not impact the caspase-8 activity, Bax protein expression and the incidence of TUNEL-positive cells. In conclusion, the considerably elevated quantitative profiles of Sox2, Rex1, c-Myc, Nanog and Survivin mRNA transcripts seem to trigger improved reprogrammability of TSA-treated BM-MSC nuclei in cloned pig embryos that thereby displayed remarkably increased blastocyst formation rates as compared to those noticed for embryos derived from TSA-untreated BM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Samiec
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology and Cryoconservation, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice n. Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Romanek
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology and Cryoconservation, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice n. Kraków, Poland
| | - Daniel Lipiński
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jolanta Opiela
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology and Cryoconservation, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice n. Kraków, Poland
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Deng Y, Huang G, Chen F, Testroet ED, Li H, Li H, Nong T, Yang X, Cui J, Shi D, Yang S. Hypoxia enhances buffalo adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells proliferation, stemness, and reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17254-17268. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Deng
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresources Guangxi University Nanning China
| | - Guiting Huang
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresources Guangxi University Nanning China
- Reproductive Medicine Center Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Nanning China
| | - Feng Chen
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresources Guangxi University Nanning China
| | - Eric David Testroet
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences University of Vermont Burlington Vermont
| | - Hui Li
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresources Guangxi University Nanning China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresources Guangxi University Nanning China
| | - Tianying Nong
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresources Guangxi University Nanning China
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresources Guangxi University Nanning China
| | - Jiayu Cui
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresources Guangxi University Nanning China
| | - Deshun Shi
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresources Guangxi University Nanning China
| | - Sufang Yang
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresources Guangxi University Nanning China
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Petkov S, Kahland T, Shomroni O, Lingner T, Salinas G, Fuchs S, Debowski K, Behr R. Immortalization of common marmoset monkey fibroblasts by piggyBac transposition of hTERT. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204580. [PMID: 30261016 PMCID: PMC6160115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a certain type-specific number of mitotic divisions, terminally differentiated cells undergo proliferative senescence, thwarting efforts to expand different cell populations in vitro for the needs of scientific research or medical therapies. The primary cause of this phenomenon is the progressive shortening of the telomeres and the subsequent activation of cell cycle control pathways leading to a block of cell proliferation. Restoration of telomere length by transgenic expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) usually results in bypassing of the replicative senescence and ultimately in cell immortalization. To date, there have not been any reports regarding immortalization of cells from common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), an important non-human primate model for various human diseases, with the use of exogenous human TERT (hTERT). In this study, marmoset fibroblasts were successfully immortalized with transposon-integrated transgenic hTERT and expanded in vitro for over 500 population doublings. Calculation of population doubling levels (PDL) showed that the derived hTERT-transgenic lines had significantly higher proliferation potential than the wild-type fibroblasts, which reached only a maximum of 46 doublings. However, the immortalized cells exhibited differences in the morphology compared with the control fibroblasts and transcriptome analysis also revealed changes in the gene expression patterns. Finally, the karyotypes of all hTERT-transgenic cell lines showed various aberrations such as presence of extra Chromosome 17, isochromosome 21q, or tetraploidy. By single-cell expansion of the least affected monoclonal immortalized line, one sub-clonal line with normal karyotype was established, suggesting the possibility to derive immortal marmoset cells with normal karyotypes. The results of this study are an important step towards the development and optimization of methods for the production of immortalized cells from common marmoset monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoyan Petkov
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center- Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Kahland
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center- Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Orr Shomroni
- Microarray and Deep-Sequencing Core Facility, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Lingner
- Microarray and Deep-Sequencing Core Facility, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- Microarray and Deep-Sequencing Core Facility, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sigrid Fuchs
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Debowski
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center- Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Behr
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center- Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Talloj SK, Cheng B, Weng JP, Lin HC. Glucosamine-Based Supramolecular Nanotubes for Human Mesenchymal Cell Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:15079-15087. [PMID: 29651840 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate an example of glucosamine-based supramolecular hydrogels that can be used for human mesenchymal cell therapy. We designed and synthesized a series of amino acid derivatives based on a strategy of capping d-glucosamine moiety at the C-terminus and fluorinated benzyl group at the N-terminus. From a systematic study on chemical structures, we discovered that the glucosamine-based supramolecular hydrogel [pentafluorobenzyl (PFB)-F-Glu] self-assembled with one-dimensional nanotubular structures at physiological pH. The self-assembly of a newly discovered PFB-F-Glu motif is attributed to the synergistic effect of π-π stacking and extensive intermolecular hydrogen bonding network in aqueous medium. Notably, PFB-F-Glu nanotubes are proven to be nontoxic to human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and have been shown to enhance hMSC proliferation while maintaining their pluripotency. Retaining of pluripotency capabilities provides potentially unlimited source of undifferentiated cells for the treatment of future cell therapies. Furthermore, hMSCs cultured on PFB-F-Glu are able to secrete paracrine factors that downregulate profibrotic gene expression in lipopolysaccharide-treated human skin fibroblasts, which demonstrates that PFB-F-Glu nanotubes have the potential to be used for wound healing applications. Overall, this article addresses the importance of chemical design to generate supramolecular biomaterials for stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Talloj
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan , Republic of China
| | - Bill Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan , Republic of China
| | - Jen-Po Weng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan , Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Chieh Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan , Republic of China
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Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cancer Development and Their Use in Cancer Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1083:45-62. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Cardiac Stem Cell Secretome Protects Cardiomyocytes from Hypoxic Injury Partly via Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1-Dependent Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060800. [PMID: 27231894 PMCID: PMC4926334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac stem cells (CSCs) were known to secrete diverse paracrine factors leading to functional improvement and beneficial left ventricular remodeling via activation of the endogenous pro-survival signaling pathway. However, little is known about the paracrine factors secreted by CSCs and their roles in cardiomyocyte survival during hypoxic condition mimicking the post-myocardial infarction environment. We established Sca-1+/CD31- human telomerase reverse transcriptase-immortalized CSCs (Sca-1+/CD31- CSCs(hTERT)), evaluated their stem cell properties, and paracrine potential in cardiomyocyte survival during hypoxia-induced injury. Sca-1+/CD31- CSCs(hTERT) sustained proliferation ability even after long-term culture exceeding 100 population doublings, and represented multi-differentiation potential into cardiomyogenic, endothelial, adipogenic, and osteogenic lineages. Dominant factors secreted from Sca-1+/CD31- CSCs(hTERT) were EGF, TGF-β1, IGF-1, IGF-2, MCP-1, HGF R, and IL-6. Among these, MCP-1 was the most predominant factor in Sca-1+/CD31- CSCs(hTERT) conditioned medium (CM). Sca-1+/CD31- CSCs(hTERT) CM increased survival and reduced apoptosis of HL-1 cardiomyocytes during hypoxic injury. MCP-1 silencing in Sca-1+/CD31- CSCs(hTERT) CM resulted in a significant reduction in cardiomyocyte apoptosis. We demonstrated that Sca-1+/CD31- CSCs(hTERT) exhibited long-term proliferation capacity and multi-differentiation potential. Sca-1+/CD31- CSCs(hTERT) CM protected cardiomyocytes from hypoxic injury partly via MCP-1-dependent mechanism. Thus, they are valuable sources for in vitro and in vivo studies in the cardiovascular field.
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Trivanović D, Jauković A, Popović B, Krstić J, Mojsilović S, Okić-Djordjević I, Kukolj T, Obradović H, Santibanez JF, Bugarski D. Mesenchymal stem cells of different origin: Comparative evaluation of proliferative capacity, telomere length and pluripotency marker expression. Life Sci 2015; 141:61-73. [PMID: 26408916 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In vitro expansion changes replication and differentiation capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), increasing challenges and risks, while limiting the sufficient number of MSCs required for cytotherapy. Here, we characterized and compared proliferation, differentiation, telomere length and pluripotency marker expression in MSCs of various origins. MAIN METHODS Immunophenotyping, proliferation and differentiation assays were performed. Pluripotency marker (Nanog, Oct-4, SOX-2, SSEA-4) expression was determined by immunofluorescence. Quantitative PCR was performed for relative telomere length (RTL) analyses, while expression of relevant genes for pluripotency markers, differentiation state (Cbfa1, human placental alkaline phosphatase, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, Sox9 and Collagen II a1), and telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) was determined by semiquantitative RT-PCR. KEY FINDINGS Peripheral blood MSCs (PB-MSCs) and umbilical cord MSCs (UC-MSCs) showed the highest, while periodontal ligament MSCs (PDL-MSCs) and adipose tissue MSCs (AT-MSCs) the lowest values of both the replication potential and RTL. Although MSCs from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), PDL-MSCs and AT-MSCs showed higher mRNA expression of pluripotency markers, all MSCs expressed pluripotency marker proteins. SHEDs and PDL-MSCs showed prominent capacity for osteogenesis, PB-MSCs and UC-MSCs showed strengthened adipogenic differentiation potential, while AT-MSCs displayed similar differentiation into both lines. SIGNIFICANCE The MSCs populations derived from different sources, although displaying similar phenotype, exhibited high degree of variability regarding biological properties related to their self-renewal and differentiation capacity. These data indicate that for more accurate use in cell therapy, individualities of MSCs isolated from different tissues should be identified and taken into consideration when planning their use in clinical protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drenka Trivanović
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Jauković
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Popović
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Dentistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Krstić
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavko Mojsilović
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Okić-Djordjević
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Kukolj
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Hristina Obradović
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Juan Francisco Santibanez
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Diana Bugarski
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Rat full term amniotic fluid harbors highly potent stem cells. Res Vet Sci 2015; 102:89-99. [PMID: 26412526 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs) are commonly isolated from mid-term amniotic fluid (AF) of animals and human collected via an invasive technique, amniocentesis. Alternatively, AFSCs could be collected at full-term. However, it is unclear whether AFSCs are present in the AF at full term. Here, we aimed to isolate and characterize stem cells isolated from AF of full term pregnant rats. Three stem cell lines have been established following immuno-selection against the stem cell marker, c-kit. Two of the new lines expressed multiple markers of pluripotency until more than passage 90. Further, they spontaneously differentiated into derivatives of the three primary germ layers through the formation of good quality embryoid bodies (EBs), and can be directly differentiated into neural lineage. Their strong stemness and potent neurogenic properties highlight the presence of highly potent stem cells in AF of full-term pregnancies, which could serve as a potential source of stem cells for regenerative medicine.
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ZHAO QIANG, WANG XUEYAO, YU XIAOXIA, ZHAI YINGXIAN, HE XU, WU SHAN, SHI YINGAI. Expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase mediates the senescence of mesenchymal stem cells through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:857-64. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Paula ACC, Martins TMM, Zonari A, Frade SPPJ, Angelo PC, Gomes DA, Goes AM. Human adipose tissue-derived stem cells cultured in xeno-free culture condition enhance c-MYC expression increasing proliferation but bypassing spontaneous cell transformation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:76. [PMID: 25889298 PMCID: PMC4455683 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASCs) are attractive cells for therapeutic applications and are currently being evaluated in multiple clinical trials. Prior to their clinical application, hASCs must be expanded ex vivo to obtain the required number of cells for transplantation. Fetal bovine serum is the supplement most widely used for cell culture, but it has disadvantages and it is not safe for cell therapy due to the risks of pathogen transmission and immune reaction. Furthermore, the cell expansion poses a risk of accumulating genetic abnormalities that could lead to malignant cell transformation. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the proliferation pattern as well as the resistance to spontaneous transformation of hASCs during expansion in a xeno-free culture condition. Methods hASCs were expanded in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium supplemented with pooled allogeneic human serum or fetal bovine serum to enable a side-by-side comparison. Cell viability and differentiation capacity toward the mesenchymal lineages were assessed, along with immunophenotype. Ki-67 expression and the proliferation kinetics were investigated. The expression of the transcription factors c-FOS and c-MYC was examined with Western blot, and MYC, CDKN2A, ERBB2 and TERT gene expression was assessed with quantitative PCR. Senescence was evaluated by β-gal staining. Karyotype analysis was performed and tumorigenesis assay in vivo was also evaluated. Results The hASCs expanded in medium with pooled allogeneic human serum did not show remarkable differences in morphology, viability, differentiation capacity or immunophenotype. The main difference observed was a significantly higher proliferative effect on hASCs cultured in pooled allogeneic human serum. There was no significant difference in C-FOS expression; however, C-MYC protein expression was enhanced in pooled allogeneic human serum cultures compared to fetal bovine serum cultures. No difference was observed in MYC and TERT mRNA levels. Moreover, the hASCs presented normal karyotype undergoing senescence, and did not form in vivo tumors, eliminating the possibility that spontaneous immortalization of hASCs had occurred with pooled allogeneic human serum. Conclusions This complete characterization of hASCs cultivated in pooled allogeneic human serum, a suitable xeno-free approach, shows that pooled allogeneic human serum provides a high proliferation rate, which can be attributed for the first time to C-MYC protein expression, and showed cell stability for safe clinical applications in compliance with good manufacturing practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C C Paula
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-910, Brazil.
| | - Thaís M M Martins
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-910, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Zonari
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-910, Brazil.
| | - Soraia P P J Frade
- Instituto Hermes Pardini, Av. das Nações, 2448, Vespasiano, Minas Gerais, 33200-000, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia C Angelo
- Instituto Hermes Pardini, Av. das Nações, 2448, Vespasiano, Minas Gerais, 33200-000, Brazil.
| | - Dawidson A Gomes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-910, Brazil.
| | - Alfredo M Goes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-910, Brazil.
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Dai F, Yang S, Zhang F, Shi D, Zhang Z, Wu J, Xu J. hTERT- and hCTLA4Ig-expressing human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: in vitro and in vivo characterization and osteogenic differentiation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 11:400-411. [PMID: 25047146 DOI: 10.1002/term.1924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are commonly used as seed cells in studies of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine but their clinical application is limited, due to insufficient numbers of autogeneic MSCs, immune rejection of allogeneic MSCs and replicative senescence. We constructed two gene expression vectors for transfection of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4-Ig (CTLA4Ig) genes into human bone marrow-derived stem cells (hBMSCs). Successful transfection of both genes generated hTERT-CTLA4Ig hBMSCs that expressed both telomerase (shown by immunohistochemistry and a TRAPeze assay) and CTLA4Ig (demonstrated by immunocytochemistry and western blotting) without apparent mutual interference. Both hTERT BMSCs (92 population doublings) and hTERT-CTLA4Ig hBMSCs (60 population doublings) had an extended lifespan compared with hBMSCs (18 population doublings). Cell cycle analysis revealed that, compared with hBMSCs, a lower proportion of hTERT hBMSCs were in G0 /G1 phase but a higher proportion were in S phase; compared with hTERT hBMSCs, a higher proportion of hTERT-CTLA4Ig hBMSCs were in G0 /G1 phase, while a lower proportion were in S and G2 /M phases. hTERT-CTLA4Ig hBMSCs retained their capacity for osteogenic differentiation in vitro, shown by the detection of hydroxyapatite mineral deposition (labelled tetracycline fluorescence staining), calcareous nodules (alizarin red S staining), alkaline phosphatase (calcium-cobalt method) and osteocalcin (immunocytochemistry). Furthermore, subcutaneous transplantation of hTERT-CTLA4Ig hBMSCs in a rat xenotransplantation model resulted in the successful generation of bone-like tissue, confirmed using radiography and histological assessment. We propose that allogeneic hTERT-CTLA4Ig hBMSCs may be ideal seed cells for bone tissue engineering. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Dai
- National and Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sisi Yang
- Institute of Burns Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Zhang
- National and Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongwen Shi
- Institute of Burns Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehua Zhang
- National and Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wu
- Institute of Burns Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- National and Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Zhao F, Qu Y, Liu H, Du B, Mu D. Umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells co-modified by TERT and BDNF: a novel neuroprotective therapy for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Int J Dev Neurosci 2014; 38:147-54. [PMID: 24999119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD), a leading cause of perinatal disability and death, has limited therapeutic options. Stem cell therapy has been demonstrated as a potential novel therapy for neurological disorders. Compared with other types of stem cells, umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) have several unique characteristics, such as a higher rate of cell proliferation and clonality. However, the limited life span of UCB-MSCs hinders their clinical application. Therefore, efforts are urgently needed to circumvent this disadvantage. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), which promotes cell proliferation and survival, plays a protective role in hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury. Thus, it is reasonable to propose that UCB-MSCs modified by exogenous TERT expression might have a longer lifespan and increased viability. Moreover, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin that regulates development, regeneration, survival and maintenance of neurons, facilitates post-injury recovery when administered by infusion or virus-mediated delivery. Therefore, TERT- and BDNF-modified UCB-MSCs may have a longer lifespan and also maintain neural differentiation, thus promoting the recovery of neurological function following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) and thereby representing a new effective strategy for HIBD in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haiting Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Baowen Du
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Yamaguchi DT. “Ins” and “Outs” of mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis in regenerative medicine. World J Stem Cells 2014; 6:94-110. [PMID: 24772237 PMCID: PMC3999785 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v6.i2.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Repair and regeneration of bone requires mesenchymal stem cells that by self-renewal, are able to generate a critical mass of cells with the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts that can produce bone protein matrix (osteoid) and enable its mineralization. The number of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) diminishes with age and ex vivo replication of hMSCs has limited potential. While propagating hMSCs under hypoxic conditions may maintain their ability to self-renew, the strategy of using human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) to allow for hMSCs to prolong their replicative lifespan is an attractive means of ensuring a critical mass of cells with the potential to differentiate into various mesodermal structural tissues including bone. However, this strategy must be tempered by the oncogenic potential of TERT-transformed cells, or their ability to enhance already established cancers, the unknown differentiating potential of high population doubling hMSCs and the source of hMSCs (e.g., bone marrow, adipose-derived, muscle-derived, umbilical cord blood, etc.) that may provide peculiarities to self-renewal, differentiation, and physiologic function that may differ from non-transformed native cells. Tissue engineering approaches to use hMSCs to repair bone defects utilize the growth of hMSCs on three-dimensional scaffolds that can either be a base on which hMSCs can attach and grow or as a means of sequestering growth factors to assist in the chemoattraction and differentiation of native hMSCs. The use of whole native extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by hMSCs, rather than individual ECM components, appear to be advantageous in not only being utilized as a three-dimensional attachment base but also in appropriate orientation of cells and their differentiation through the growth factors that native ECM harbor or in simulating growth factor motifs. The origin of native ECM, whether from hMSCs from young or old individuals is a critical factor in “rejuvenating” hMSCs from older individuals grown on ECM from younger individuals.
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Liu Z, Jiang Z, Huang J, Huang S, Li Y, Sheng F, Yu S, Yu S, Liu X. Mesenchymal stem cells show little tropism for the resting and differentiated cancer stem cell-like glioma cells. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1223-32. [PMID: 24481670 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic resistance of glioma cells to radiation and chemotherapy is currently hypothesized to be partially attributed to the existence of cancer stem cells. Emerging studies suggest that mesenchymal stem cells may serve as a potential carrier for delivery of therapeutic genes to disseminated glioma cells. However, the tropism character of mesenchymal stem cells for cancer stem cell-like glioma cells has rarely been described. In this study, we obtained homologous bone marrow-derived (BM-) and adipose tissue-derived (AT-) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), fibroblast, and cancer stem cell-like glioma cells (CSGCs) from tumor-bearing mice, and compared the tropism character of BM- and AT-MSCs for CSGCs with various form of existence. To characterize the cell proliferation and differentiation, the spheroids of CSGCs were cultured on the surface of the substrate with different stiffness, combined with or withdrew basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in medium. Our results showed that the CSGCs during the process of cell proliferation, but not in resting and differentiated status, display strong tropism characteristics on both BM- and AT-MSCs, as well as the expression of their cell chemokine factors which mediate cell migration. If the conclusion is further confirmed, it may expose a fatal flaw of MSCs as tumor-targeted delivery of therapeutic agents in the treatment of the CSGCs, even other cancer stem cells, because there always exist a part of cancer stem cells that are in resting status. Overall, our findings provide novel insight into the complex issue of the MSCs as drug delivery in the treatment of brain tumors, especially in tumor stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zhongmin Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jianyong Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shuqiang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yanxia Li
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Feng Sheng
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Simiao Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Shizhu Yu
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, P.R. China
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DNA Methylation Changes during In Vitro Propagation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Implications for Their Genomic Stability? Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:192425. [PMID: 24288545 PMCID: PMC3833027 DOI: 10.1155/2013/192425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great promise for the treatment of numerous diseases. A major problem for MSC therapeutic use is represented by the very low amount of MSCs which can be isolated from different tissues; thus ex vivo expansion is indispensable. Long-term culture, however, is associated with extensive morphological and functional changes of MSCs. In addition, the concern that they may accumulate stochastic mutations which lead the risk of malignant transformation still remains. Overall, the genome of human MSCs (hMSCs) appears to be apparently stable throughout culture, though transient clonal aneuploidies have been detected. Particular attention should be given to the use of low-oxygen environment in order to increase the proliferative capacity of hMSCs, since data on the effect of hypoxic culture conditions on genomic stability are few and contradictory. Furthermore, specific and reproducible epigenetic changes were acquired by hMSCs during ex vivo expansion, which may be connected and trigger all the biological changes observed. In this review we address current issues on long-term culture of hMSCs with a 360-degree view, starting from the genomic profiles and back, looking for an epigenetic interpretation of their genetic stability.
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