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Liu D, Hu X, Chen Z, Wei W, Wu Y. Key links in the physiological regulation of the immune system and disease induction: T cell receptor -CD3 complex. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 227:116441. [PMID: 39029632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) is a kind of surface marker that are specific to T cells. The TCR regulates T cell function and participates in the body's immunological response to prevent immune dysregulation and inflammatory reactions by identifying and binding exogenous antigens. Due to its brief intracellular segment, TCR requires intracellular molecules to assist with signaling. Among these, the CD3 molecule is one of the most important. The CD3 molecule involves in TCR structural stability as well as T cell activation signaling. A TCR-CD3 complex is created when TCR and CD3 form a non-covalent bond. Antigen recognition and T cell signaling are both facilitated by the TCR-CD3 complex. When a CD3 subunit is absent, a TCR-CD3 complex cannot form, and none of the subunits is transported to the cell surface. Thus, T cells cannot develop. Consequently, research on the physiological functions and potential pathogenicity of CD3 subunits can clarify the pathogenesis of immune system diseases and can offer fresh approaches to the treatment of it. In this review, the structure and function of the TCR-CD3 complex in the immune system was summarized, the pathogenicity of each CD3 subunit and therapeutic approaches to related diseases was explored and research directions for the development of new targeted drugs was provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyan Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiaoxi Hu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhaoying Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Yujing Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China.
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Neier SC, Ferrer A, Wilton KM, Smith SEP, Kelcher AMH, Pavelko KD, Canfield JM, Davis TR, Stiles RJ, Chen Z, McCluskey J, Burrows SR, Rossjohn J, Hebrink DM, Carmona EM, Limper AH, Kappes DJ, Wettstein PJ, Johnson AJ, Pease LR, Daniels MA, Neuhauser C, Gil D, Schrum AG. The early proximal αβ TCR signalosome specifies thymic selection outcome through a quantitative protein interaction network. Sci Immunol 2020; 4:4/32/eaal2201. [PMID: 30770409 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aal2201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During αβ T cell development, T cell antigen receptor (TCR) engagement transduces biochemical signals through a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network that dictates dichotomous cell fate decisions. It remains unclear how signal specificity is communicated, instructing either positive selection to advance cell differentiation or death by negative selection. Early signal discrimination might occur by PPI signatures differing qualitatively (customized, unique PPI combinations for each signal), quantitatively (graded amounts of a single PPI series), or kinetically (speed of PPI pathway progression). Using a novel PPI network analysis, we found that early TCR-proximal signals distinguishing positive from negative selection appeared to be primarily quantitative in nature. Furthermore, the signal intensity of this PPI network was used to find an antigen dose that caused a classic negative selection ligand to induce positive selection of conventional αβ T cells, suggesting that the quantity of TCR triggering was sufficient to program selection outcome. Because previous work had suggested that positive selection might involve a qualitatively unique signal through CD3δ, we reexamined the block in positive selection observed in CD3δ0 mice. We found that CD3δ0 thymocytes were inhibited but capable of signaling positive selection, generating low numbers of MHC-dependent αβ T cells that expressed diverse TCR repertoires and participated in immune responses against infection. We conclude that the major role for CD3δ in positive selection is to quantitatively boost the signal for maximal generation of αβ T cells. Together, these data indicate that a quantitative network signaling mechanism through the early proximal TCR signalosome determines thymic selection outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Neier
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alejandro Ferrer
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Katelynn M Wilton
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephen E P Smith
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - April M H Kelcher
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kevin D Pavelko
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jenna M Canfield
- Molecular Pathogenesis and Therapeutics PhD Graduate Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Tessa R Davis
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert J Stiles
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zhenjun Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Scott R Burrows
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Deanne M Hebrink
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eva M Carmona
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrew H Limper
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dietmar J Kappes
- Blood Cell Development and Cancer Keystone, Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter J Wettstein
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Aaron J Johnson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Larry R Pease
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mark A Daniels
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Diana Gil
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Adam G Schrum
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Hoffmann MM, Molina-Mendiola C, Nelson AD, Parks CA, Reyes EE, Hansen MJ, Rajagopalan G, Pease LR, Schrum AG, Gil D. Co-potentiation of antigen recognition: A mechanism to boost weak T cell responses and provide immunotherapy in vivo. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1500415. [PMID: 26601285 PMCID: PMC4646799 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive immunity is mediated by antigen receptors that can induce weak or strong immune responses depending on the nature of the antigen that is bound. In T lymphocytes, antigen recognition triggers signal transduction by clustering T cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 multiprotein complexes. In addition, it hypothesized that biophysical changes induced in TCR/CD3 that accompany receptor engagement may contribute to signal intensity. Nonclustering monovalent TCR/CD3 engagement is functionally inert despite the fact that it may induce changes in conformational arrangement or in the flexibility of receptor subunits. We report that the intrinsically inert monovalent engagement of TCR/CD3 can specifically enhance physiologic T cell responses to weak antigens in vitro and in vivo without stimulating antigen-unengaged T cells and without interrupting T cell responses to strong antigens, an effect that we term as "co-potentiation." We identified Mono-7D6-Fab, which biophysically altered TCR/CD3 when bound and functionally enhanced immune reactivity to several weak antigens in vitro, including a gp100-derived peptide associated with melanoma. In vivo, Mono-7D6-Fab induced T cell antigen-dependent therapeutic responses against melanoma lung metastases, an effect that synergized with other anti-melanoma immunotherapies to significantly improve outcome and survival. We conclude that Mono-7D6-Fab directly co-potentiated TCR/CD3 engagement by weak antigens and that such concept can be translated into an immunotherapeutic design. The co-potentiation principle may be applicable to other receptors that could be regulated by otherwise inert compounds whose latent potency is only invoked in concert with specific physiologic ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele M. Hoffmann
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Carlos Molina-Mendiola
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Statistics, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Alfreda D. Nelson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Christopher A. Parks
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Edwin E. Reyes
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michael J. Hansen
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Govindarajan Rajagopalan
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Larry R. Pease
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Adam G. Schrum
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Diana Gil
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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