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Intra-articularly injected mesenchymal stem cells promote cartilage regeneration, but do not permanently engraft in distant organs. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10153. [PMID: 31300685 PMCID: PMC6626061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-articular (IA) injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promotes articular cartilage repair. However, cell fate and action after transplantation remain unclear. This study aimed at evaluating the biodistribution and efficacy of MSCs after IA injection. We used an immunocompetent, dual transgenic rat model, which is based on donor rats ubiquitously expressing heat stable human placental alkaline phosphatase (ALPP), and recipient rats expressing a heat sensitive ALPP form. A focal cartilage defect was created in the patellofemoral groove of recipient rats. Bone marrow-derived MSCs isolated from donor rats were injected into the synovial cavity of recipients, and cell tracking was performed in distant organs and knees over 6 months post-injection. A few donor MSCs were observed in the lung of one of the recipients, 1 day post-injection. We failed to detect donor MSCs in any of the studied tissues at all later time points. IA-injected MSCs remained in the synovial cavity, engrafted within the cartilage lesion, and were detectable up to 1 month post-injection. Although the number of MSCs decreased over time, MSCs injection promoted cartilage regeneration as evidenced by histology and immunofluorescent collagen staining. Our study supports the safety and efficacy of using MSCs for cartilage repair via IA delivery.
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Porous and biodegradable polycaprolactone-borophosphosilicate hybrid scaffolds for osteoblast infiltration and stem cell differentiation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 92:162-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Characterization of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from the Testis. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:4910304. [PMID: 30250488 PMCID: PMC6140008 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4910304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells hold great promise for regenerative medicine as they can be easily isolated from different sources such as adipose tissue, bone marrow, and umbilical cord blood. Spontaneously arising pluripotent stem cells can be obtained in culture from murine spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), while the pluripotency of the human counterpart remains a matter of debate. Recent gene expression profiling studies have demonstrated that embryonic stem cell- (ESC-) like cells obtained from the human testis are indeed closer to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) than to pluripotent stem cells. Here, we confirm that colonies derived from human testicular cultures, with our isolation protocol, are of mesenchymal origin and do not arise from spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). The testis, thus, provides an important and accessible source of MSCs (tMSCs) that can be potentially used for nephrotoxicity testing in vitro. We further demonstrate, for the first time, that tMSCs are able to secrete microvesicles that could possibly be applied to the treatment of various chronic diseases, such as those affecting the kidney.
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Zwolanek D, Satué M, Proell V, Godoy JR, Odörfer KI, Flicker M, Hoffmann SC, Rülicke T, Erben RG. Tracking mesenchymal stem cell contributions to regeneration in an immunocompetent cartilage regeneration model. JCI Insight 2017; 2:87322. [PMID: 29046476 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.87322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
It is currently controversially discussed whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) facilitate cartilage regeneration in vivo by a progenitor- or a nonprogenitor-mediated mechanism. Here, we describe a potentially novel unbiased in vivo cell tracking system based on transgenic donor and corresponding immunocompetent marker-tolerant recipient mouse and rat lines in inbred genetic backgrounds. Tolerance of recipients was achieved by transgenic expression of an immunologically neutral but physicochemically distinguishable variant of the marker human placental alkaline phosphatase (ALPP). In this dual transgenic system, donor lines ubiquitously express WT, heat-resistant ALPP protein, whereas recipient lines express a heat-labile ALPP mutant (ALPPE451G) resulting from a single amino acid substitution. Tolerance of recipient lines to ALPP-expressing cells and tissues was verified by skin transplantation. Using this model, we show that intraarticularly injected MSC contribute to regeneration of articular cartilage in full-thickness cartilage defects mainly via a nonprogenitor-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Zwolanek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - María Satué
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Proell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - José R Godoy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathrin I Odörfer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Flicker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sigrid C Hoffmann
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhold G Erben
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Balmayor ER, Geiger JP, Koch C, Aneja MK, van Griensven M, Rudolph C, Plank C. Modified mRNA for BMP-2 in Combination with Biomaterials Serves as a Transcript-Activated Matrix for Effectively Inducing Osteogenic Pathways in Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:25-34. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Balmayor
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Ethris GmbH, Planegg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Martijn van Griensven
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christian Plank
- Ethris GmbH, Planegg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Aminian A, Shirzadi B, Azizi Z, Maedler K, Volkmann E, Hildebrand N, Maas M, Treccani L, Rezwan K. Enhanced cell adhesion on bioinert ceramics mediated by the osteogenic cell membrane enzyme alkaline phosphatase. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 69:184-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Badieyan ZS, Berezhanskyy T, Utzinger M, Aneja MK, Emrich D, Erben R, Schüler C, Altpeter P, Ferizi M, Hasenpusch G, Rudolph C, Plank C. Transcript-activated collagen matrix as sustained mRNA delivery system for bone regeneration. J Control Release 2016; 239:137-48. [PMID: 27586186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Transcript therapies using chemically modified messenger RNAs (cmRNAs) are emerging as safe and promising alternatives for gene and recombinant protein therapies. However, their applications have been limited due to transient translation and relatively low stability of cmRNAs compared to DNA. Here we show that vacuum-dried cmRNA-loaded collagen sponges, termed transcript activated matrices (TAMs), can serve as depots for sustained delivery of cmRNA. TAMs provide steady state protein production for up to six days, and substantial residual expression until 11days post transfection. Another advantage of this technology was nearly 100% transfection efficiency as well as low toxicity in vitro. TAMs were stable for at least 6months at room temperature. Human BMP-2-encoding TAMs induced osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro and bone regeneration in a non-critical rat femoral bone defect model in vivo. In summary, TAMs are a promising tool for bone regeneration and potentially also for other applications in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Sadat Badieyan
- Institute of Molecular Immunology - Experimental Oncology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Taras Berezhanskyy
- Institute of Molecular Immunology - Experimental Oncology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Ethris GmbH, Planegg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Utzinger
- Ethris GmbH, Planegg, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Reinhold Erben
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Experimental Endocrinology, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiane Schüler
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Experimental Endocrinology, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Altpeter
- Center for Nanoscience and Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Christian Plank
- Institute of Molecular Immunology - Experimental Oncology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Ethris GmbH, Planegg, Germany.
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Balmayor ER, Geiger JP, Aneja MK, Berezhanskyy T, Utzinger M, Mykhaylyk O, Rudolph C, Plank C. Chemically modified RNA induces osteogenesis of stem cells and human tissue explants as well as accelerates bone healing in rats. Biomaterials 2016; 87:131-146. [PMID: 26923361 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Limitations associated to the use of growth factors represent a major hurdle to musculoskeletal regeneration. On the one hand, they are needed to induce neo-tissue formation for the substitution of a necrotic or missing tissue. On the other hand, these factors are used in supraphysiological concentrations, are short lived and expensive and result in many side effects. Here we develop a gene transfer strategy based on the use of chemically modified mRNA (cmRNA) coding for human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (hBMP-2) that is non-immunogenic and highly stable when compared to unmodified mRNA. Transfected stem cells secrete hBMP-2, show elevated alkaline phosphatase levels and upregulated expression of RunX2, ALP, Osterix, Osteocalcin, Osteopontin and Collagen Type I genes. Mineralization was induced as seen by positive Alizarin red staining. hBMP-2 cmRNA transfected human fat tissue also yielded an osteogenic response in vitro as indicated by expression of hBMP-2, RunX2, ALP and Collagen Type I. Delivering hBMP-2 cmRNA to a femur defect in a rat model results in new bone tissue formation as early as 2 weeks after application of very low doses. Overall, our studies demonstrate the feasibility and therapeutic potential of a new cmRNA-based gene therapy strategy that is safe and efficient. When applied clinically, this approach could overcome BMP-2 growth factor associated limitations in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Balmayor
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Ethris GmbH, Semmelweisstr. 3, 82152 Planegg, Germany; Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | - Taras Berezhanskyy
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Ethris GmbH, Semmelweisstr. 3, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | | | - Olga Mykhaylyk
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Ethris GmbH, Semmelweisstr. 3, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Plank
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Ethris GmbH, Semmelweisstr. 3, 82152 Planegg, Germany.
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Trivanović D, Jauković A, Popović B, Krstić J, Mojsilović S, Okić-Djordjević I, Kukolj T, Obradović H, Santibanez JF, Bugarski D. Mesenchymal stem cells of different origin: Comparative evaluation of proliferative capacity, telomere length and pluripotency marker expression. Life Sci 2015; 141:61-73. [PMID: 26408916 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In vitro expansion changes replication and differentiation capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), increasing challenges and risks, while limiting the sufficient number of MSCs required for cytotherapy. Here, we characterized and compared proliferation, differentiation, telomere length and pluripotency marker expression in MSCs of various origins. MAIN METHODS Immunophenotyping, proliferation and differentiation assays were performed. Pluripotency marker (Nanog, Oct-4, SOX-2, SSEA-4) expression was determined by immunofluorescence. Quantitative PCR was performed for relative telomere length (RTL) analyses, while expression of relevant genes for pluripotency markers, differentiation state (Cbfa1, human placental alkaline phosphatase, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, Sox9 and Collagen II a1), and telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) was determined by semiquantitative RT-PCR. KEY FINDINGS Peripheral blood MSCs (PB-MSCs) and umbilical cord MSCs (UC-MSCs) showed the highest, while periodontal ligament MSCs (PDL-MSCs) and adipose tissue MSCs (AT-MSCs) the lowest values of both the replication potential and RTL. Although MSCs from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), PDL-MSCs and AT-MSCs showed higher mRNA expression of pluripotency markers, all MSCs expressed pluripotency marker proteins. SHEDs and PDL-MSCs showed prominent capacity for osteogenesis, PB-MSCs and UC-MSCs showed strengthened adipogenic differentiation potential, while AT-MSCs displayed similar differentiation into both lines. SIGNIFICANCE The MSCs populations derived from different sources, although displaying similar phenotype, exhibited high degree of variability regarding biological properties related to their self-renewal and differentiation capacity. These data indicate that for more accurate use in cell therapy, individualities of MSCs isolated from different tissues should be identified and taken into consideration when planning their use in clinical protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drenka Trivanović
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Jauković
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Popović
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Dentistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Krstić
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavko Mojsilović
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Okić-Djordjević
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Kukolj
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Hristina Obradović
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Juan Francisco Santibanez
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Diana Bugarski
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Zwolanek D, Flicker M, Kirstätter E, Zaucke F, van Osch GJVM, Erben RG. β1 Integrins Mediate Attachment of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Cartilage Lesions. Biores Open Access 2015; 4:39-53. [PMID: 26309781 PMCID: PMC4497673 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2014.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) may have great potential for cell-based therapies of osteoarthritis. However, after injection in the joint, only few cells adhere to defective articular cartilage and contribute to cartilage regeneration. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms of MSC attachment to defective articular cartilage. Here, we developed an ex vivo attachment system, using rat osteochondral explants with artificially created full-thickness cartilage defects in combination with genetically labeled MSC isolated from bone marrow of human placental alkaline phosphatase transgenic rats. Binding of MSC to full-thickness cartilage lesions was improved by serum, but not hyaluronic acid, and was dependent on the presence of divalent cations. Additional in vitro tests showed that rat MSC attach, in a divalent cation-dependent manner, to collagen I, collagen II, and fibronectin, but not to collagen XXII or cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). RGD peptides partially blocked the adhesion of MSC to fibronectin in vitro and to cartilage lesions ex vivo. Furthermore, the attachment of MSC to collagen I and II in vitro and to cartilage lesions ex vivo was almost completely abolished in the presence of a β1 integrin blocking antibody. In conclusion, our data suggest that attachment of MSC to ex vivo full-thickness cartilage lesions is almost entirely β1 integrin-mediated, whereby both RGD- and collagen-binding integrins are involved. These findings suggest a key role of integrins during MSC attachment to defective cartilage and may pave the way for improved MSC-based therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Zwolanek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Flicker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Kirstätter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank Zaucke
- Center for Biochemistry and Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne , Cologne, Germany
| | - Gerjo J V M van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reinhold G Erben
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna, Austria
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