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Esmaeili A, Hosseini S, Baghaban Eslaminejad M. Co-culture engineering: a promising strategy for production of engineered extracellular vesicle for osteoarthritis treatment. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:29. [PMID: 38200606 PMCID: PMC10782541 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as a significant factor in intercellular communication in different disease treatments, including osteoarthritis (OA). Compared to the conventional approaches in treating OA, EV therapy is a non-invasive and cell-free method. However, improving the yield of EVs and their therapeutic effects are the main challenges for clinical applications. In this regard, researchers are using the EV engineering potential to overcome these challenges. New findings suggest that the co-culture strategy as an indirect EV engineering method efficiently increases EV production and quality. The co-culture of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and chondrocytes has improved their chondrogenesis, anti-inflammatory effects, and regenerative properties which are mediated by EVs. Hence, co-culture engineering by considerable systems could be useful in producing engineered EVs for different therapeutic applications. Here, we review various co-culture approaches, including diverse direct and indirect, 2D and 3D cell cultures, as well as static and dynamic systems. Meanwhile, we suggest and discuss the advantages of combined strategies to achieve engineered EVs for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abazar Esmaeili
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Hosseini
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Zecca PA, Reguzzoni M, Borgese M, Protasoni M, Filibian M, Raspanti M. Investigating the interfaces of the epiphyseal plate: An integrated approach of histochemistry, microtomography and SEM. J Anat 2023; 243:870-877. [PMID: 37391907 PMCID: PMC10557393 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the interfaces of the epiphyseal plate with over- and underlying bone segments using an integrated approach of histochemistry, microtomography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to overcome the inherent limitations of sections-based techniques. Microtomography was able to provide an unobstructed, frontal view of large expanses of the two bone surfaces facing the growth plate, while SEM observation after removal of the soft matrix granted an equally unhindered access with a higher resolution. The two interfaces appeared widely dissimilar. On the diaphyseal side the hypertrophic chondrocytes were arranged in tall columns packed in a sort of compact palisade; the interposed extracellular matrix was actively calcifying into a thick mineralized crust growing towards the epiphysis. Behind the mineralization front, histochemical data revealed a number of surviving cartilage islets which were being slowly remodelled into bone. In contrast, the epiphyseal side of the cartilage consisted of a relatively quiescent reserve zone whose mineralization was marginal in amount and discontinuous in extension; the epiphyseal bone consisted of a loose trabecular meshwork, with ample vascular spaces opening directly into the non-mineralized cartilage. On both sides the calcification process took place through the formation of spheroidal bodies 1-2 μm wide which gradually grew by apposition and coalesced into a solid mass, in a way distinctly different from that of bone and other calcified tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marina Borgese
- Department of Medicine & SurgeryInsubria UniversityVareseItaly
| | | | - Marta Filibian
- Centro Grandi StrumentiUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Pavia UnitPaviaItaly
| | - Mario Raspanti
- Department of Medicine & SurgeryInsubria UniversityVareseItaly
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3
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Savadipour A, Nims RJ, Rashidi N, Garcia-Castorena JM, Tang R, Marushack GK, Oswald SJ, Liedtke WB, Guilak F. Membrane stretch as the mechanism of activation of PIEZO1 ion channels in chondrocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221958120. [PMID: 37459546 PMCID: PMC10372640 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221958120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a chronic disease that can be initiated by altered joint loading or injury of the cartilage. The mechanically sensitive PIEZO ion channels have been shown to transduce injurious levels of biomechanical strain in articular chondrocytes and mediate cell death. However, the mechanisms of channel gating in response to high cellular deformation and the strain thresholds for activating PIEZO channels remain unclear. We coupled studies of single-cell compression using atomic force microscopy (AFM) with finite element modeling (FEM) to identify the biophysical mechanisms of PIEZO-mediated calcium (Ca2+) signaling in chondrocytes. We showed that PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 are needed for initiating Ca2+ signaling at moderately high levels of cellular deformation, but at the highest strains, PIEZO1 functions independently of PIEZO2. Biophysical factors that increase apparent chondrocyte membrane tension, including hypoosmotic prestrain, high compression magnitudes, and low deformation rates, also increased PIEZO1-driven Ca2+ signaling. Combined AFM/FEM studies showed that 50% of chondrocytes exhibit Ca2+ signaling at 80 to 85% nominal cell compression, corresponding to a threshold of apparent membrane finite principal strain of E = 1.31, which represents a membrane stretch ratio (λ) of 1.9. Both intracellular and extracellular Ca2+ are necessary for the PIEZO1-mediated Ca2+ signaling response to compression. Our results suggest that PIEZO1-induced signaling drives chondrocyte mechanical injury due to high membrane tension, and this threshold can be altered by factors that influence membrane prestress, such as cartilage hypoosmolarity, secondary to proteoglycan loss. These findings suggest that modulating PIEZO1 activation or downstream signaling may offer avenues for the prevention or treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Savadipour
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
- Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Robert J. Nims
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
- Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Neda Rashidi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
- Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Jaquelin M. Garcia-Castorena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
- Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology Program, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Ruhang Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
- Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Gabrielle K. Marushack
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
- Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Sara J. Oswald
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
- Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Wolfgang B. Liedtke
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC27705
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY10010
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
- Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology Program, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
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4
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Kim HS, Ha HS, Kim DH, Son DH, Baek S, Park J, Lee CH, Park S, Yoon HJ, Yu SE, Kang JI, Park KM, Shin YM, Lee JB, Sung HJ. O 2 variant chip to simulate site-specific skeletogenesis from hypoxic bone marrow. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd4210. [PMID: 36947623 PMCID: PMC10032601 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add4210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The stemness of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is maintained by hypoxia. The oxygen level increases from vessel-free cartilage to hypoxic bone marrow and, furthermore, to vascularized bone, which might direct the chondrogenesis to osteogenesis and regenerate the skeletal system. Hence, oxygen was diffused from relatively low to high levels throughout a three-dimensional chip. When we cultured BMSCs in the chip and implanted them into the rabbit defect models of low-oxygen cartilage and high-oxygen calvaria bone, (i) the low oxygen level (base) promoted stemness and chondrogenesis of BMSCs with robust antioxidative potential; (ii) the middle level (two times ≥ low) pushed BMSCs to quiescence; and (iii) the high level (four times ≥ low) promoted osteogenesis by disturbing the redox balance and stemness. Last, endochondral or intramembranous osteogenesis upon transition from low to high oxygen in vivo suggests a developmental mechanism-driven solution to promote chondrogenesis to osteogenesis in the skeletal system by regulating the oxygen environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Seon Kim
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Su Ha
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Hyeon Son
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sewoom Baek
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongeun Park
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Suji Park
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Yoon
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eun Yu
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeon Il Kang
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, College of Life sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Park
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, College of Life sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Biomaterials and Process Development, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Shin
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Bok Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Joon Sung
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Bonato A, Fisch P, Ponta S, Fercher D, Manninen M, Weber D, Eklund KK, Barreto G, Zenobi-Wong M. Engineering Inflammation-Resistant Cartilage: Bridging Gene Therapy and Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2202271. [PMID: 36841937 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage defects caused by traumatic injury rarely heal spontaneously and predispose into post-traumatic osteoarthritis. In the current autologous cell-based treatments the regenerative process is often hampered by the poor regenerative capacity of adult cells and the inflammatory state of the injured joint. The lack of ideal treatment options for cartilage injuries motivated the authors to tissue engineer a cartilage tissue which would be more resistant to inflammation. A clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 knockout of TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) gene in polydactyly chondrocytes provides multivalent protection against the signals that activate the pro-inflammatory and catabolic NF-κB pathway. The TAK1-KO chondrocytes encapsulate into a hyaluronan hydrogel deposit copious cartilage extracellular matrix proteins and facilitate integration onto native cartilage, even under proinflammatory conditions. Furthermore, when implanted in vivo, compared to WT fewer pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages invade the cartilage, likely due to the lower levels of cytokines secreted by the TAK1-KO polydactyly chondrocytes. The engineered cartilage thus represents a new paradigm-shift for the creation of more potent and functional tissues for use in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bonato
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Fisch
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Simone Ponta
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - David Fercher
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Mikko Manninen
- Orton Orthopedic Hospital Helsinki, Helsinki, 00280, Finland
| | - Daniel Weber
- Division of Hand Surgery, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, 8032, Switzerland
| | - Kari K Eklund
- Orton Orthopedic Hospital Helsinki, Helsinki, 00280, Finland.,Department of Rheumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Goncalo Barreto
- Orton Orthopedic Hospital Helsinki, Helsinki, 00280, Finland.,Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
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Zecca PA, Reguzzoni M, Protasoni M, Raspanti M. The chondro-osseous junction of articular cartilage. Tissue Cell 2023; 80:101993. [PMID: 36516570 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In the synovial joints the transition between the soft articular cartilage and the subchondral bone is mediated by a layer of calcified cartilage of structural and mechanical characteristics closer to those of bone. This layer, buried in the depth of articular cartilage, is not directly accessible and is mostly visualized in histological sections of decalcified tissue, where it appears as a darker strip in contact with the subchondral bone. In this study conventional histology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with secondary electron imaging (SE) or backscattered electron imaging (BSE) were used to discriminate the calcified and the uncalcified cartilage in high resolution on native, untreated tissue as well as in deproteinated or demineralized tissue. This approach evidenced a high heterogeneity of the calcified layer of articular cartilage. High resolution pictures revealed that the mineralization process originates by progressive accretion and confluence of individual, small mineral clusters, in a very different way from other hard tissues such as bone, dentin and mineralized tendons. Finally, selective removal of the soft matrix by thermal treatment allowed for the first time a face-on, unrestricted 3D view of the mineralization front.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marina Protasoni
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, Insubria University, Varese, Italy
| | - Mario Raspanti
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, Insubria University, Varese, Italy.
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7
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Rothbauer M, Reihs EI, Fischer A, Windhager R, Jenner F, Toegel S. A Progress Report and Roadmap for Microphysiological Systems and Organ-On-A-Chip Technologies to Be More Predictive Models in Human (Knee) Osteoarthritis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:886360. [PMID: 35782494 PMCID: PMC9240813 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.886360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic debilitating joint disease affecting hundreds of million people globally, is associated with significant pain and socioeconomic costs. Current treatment modalities are palliative and unable to stop the progressive degeneration of articular cartilage in OA. Scientific attention has shifted from the historical view of OA as a wear-and-tear cartilage disorder to its recognition as a whole-joint disease, highlighting the contribution of other knee joint tissues in OA pathogenesis. Despite much progress in the field of microfluidic systems/organs-on-a-chip in other research fields, current in vitro models in use do not yet accurately reflect the complexity of the OA pathophenotype. In this review, we provide: 1) a detailed overview of the most significant recent developments in the field of microsystems approaches for OA modeling, and 2) an OA-pathophysiology-based bioengineering roadmap for the requirements of the next generation of more predictive and authentic microscale systems fit for the purpose of not only disease modeling but also of drug screening to potentially allow OA animal model reduction and replacement in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rothbauer
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopeadic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva I. Reihs
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopeadic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anita Fischer
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopeadic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Windhager
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopeadic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florien Jenner
- Veterinary Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Vienna (VETERM), Equine Surgery Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Toegel
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopeadic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
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Truong RD, Bernier MA, Dennis JE, Kean TJ. Synoviocyte-Derived Extracellular Matrix and bFGF Speed Human Chondrocyte Proliferation While Maintaining Differentiation Potential. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:825005. [PMID: 35685088 PMCID: PMC9171110 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.825005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the ability of human chondrocytes to proliferate, while maintaining their differentiation potential, has presented a great challenge in cartilage tissue engineering. In this study, human chondrocytes were cultured under four unique growth conditions at physiologic oxygen tension: tissue culture plastic (TCP) only, synoviocyte matrix (SCM)-coated flasks only, SCM-coated flasks with bFGF media supplement, and TCP with bFGF media supplement. The results indicated that, compared to standard TCP, all test conditions showed significantly increased cell expansion rates and an increase in both glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen content during redifferentiation culture. Specifically, the combined SCM + bFGF growth condition showed an additive effect, with an increase of approximately 36% more cells per passage (5-7 days) when compared to the SCM alone. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that bFGF and SCM can be used as supplements to enhance the growth of human chondrocytes both as individual enhancers and as a combined additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D. Truong
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Megan A. Bernier
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - James E. Dennis
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Thomas J. Kean
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Biionix Cluster, Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
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Jahr H, van der Windt AE, Timur UT, Baart EB, Lian WS, Rolauffs B, Wang FS, Pufe T. Physosmotic Induction of Chondrogenic Maturation Is TGF-β Dependent and Enhanced by Calcineurin Inhibitor FK506. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095110. [PMID: 35563498 PMCID: PMC9100228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing extracellular osmolarity 100 mOsm/kg above plasma level to the physiological levels for cartilage induces chondrogenic marker expression and the differentiation of chondroprogenitor cells. The calcineurin inhibitor FK506 has been reported to modulate the hypertrophic differentiation of primary chondrocytes under such conditions, but the molecular mechanism has remained unclear. We aimed at clarifying its role. Chondrocyte cell lines and primary cells were cultured under plasma osmolarity and chondrocyte-specific in situ osmolarity (+100 mOsm, physosmolarity) was increased to compare the activation of nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5). The effects of osmolarity and FK506 on calcineurin activity, cell proliferation, extracellular matrix quality, and BMP- and TGF-β signaling were analyzed using biochemical, gene, and protein expression, as well as reporter and bio-assays. NFAT5 translocation was similar in chondrocyte cell lines and primary cells. High supraphysiological osmolarity compromised cell proliferation, while physosmolarity or FK506 did not, but in combination increased proteoglycan and collagen expression in chondrocytes in vitro and in situ. The expression of the TGF-β-inducible protein TGFBI, as well as chondrogenic (SOX9, Col2) and terminal differentiation markers (e.g., Col10) were affected by osmolarity. Particularly, the expression of minor collagens (e.g., Col9, Col11) was affected. The inhibition of the FK506-binding protein suggests modulation at the TGF-β receptor level, rather than calcineurin-mediated signaling, as a cause. Physiological osmolarity promotes terminal chondrogenic differentiation of progenitor cells through the sensitization of the TGF-β superfamily signaling at the type I receptor. While hyperosmolarity alone facilitates TGF-β superfamily signaling, FK506 further enhances signaling by releasing the FKBP12 break from the type I receptor to improve collagenous marker expression. Our results help explain earlier findings and potentially benefit future cell-based cartilage repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Jahr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (U.T.T.); (T.P.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-2418089525
| | - Anna E. van der Windt
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Ufuk Tan Timur
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (U.T.T.); (T.P.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther B. Baart
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Wei-Shiung Lian
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Department of Medical Research, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (W.-S.L.); (F.-S.W.)
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University, 79085 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Feng-Sheng Wang
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Department of Medical Research, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (W.-S.L.); (F.-S.W.)
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (U.T.T.); (T.P.)
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10
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Mak CCH, To K, Fekir K, Brooks RA, Khan WS. Infrapatellar fat pad adipose-derived stem cells co-cultured with articular chondrocytes from osteoarthritis patients exhibit increased chondrogenic gene expression. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:17. [PMID: 35151341 PMCID: PMC8841120 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00815-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The variable results in clinical trials of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) for chondral defects may be due to the different ex vivo culture conditions of the ASCs which are implanted to treat the lesions. We sought to determine the optimal in vitro chondrocyte co-culture condition that promotes infrapatellar fat pad-derived (IFPD) ASC chondrogenic gene expression in a novel co-culture combination. Methods In our study, we utilized an in vitro autologous co-culture of IFPD ASCs and articular chondrocytes derived from Kellgren–Lawrence Grade III/IV osteoarthritic human knee joints at ASC-to-chondrocyte seeding log ratios of 1:1, 10:1, and 100:1. Gene expression following in vitro co-culture was quantified by RT-qPCR with a panel comprising COL1A1, COL2A1, COL10A1, L-SOX5, SOX6, SOX9, ACAN, HSPG2, and COMP for chondrogenic gene expression. Results The chondrogenic gene expression profiles from co-cultures were greater than would be expected from an expression profile modeled from chondrocyte and ASC-only monocultures. Additionally, chondrogenic gene expression decreased with increasing ASC-to-chondrocyte seeding ratios. Conclusions These findings provide insight into the mechanisms underlying clinical ASC therapies and signifies that IFPD ASCs pre-conditioned by chondrocyte co-culture may have improved chondrogenic potential for cartilage repair. This model can help further understand IFPD ASCs in chondral and osteochondral repair and the chondrogenic pathways involved. Video Abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-021-00815-x.
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Fu JN, Wang X, Yang M, Chen YR, Zhang JY, Deng RH, Zhang ZN, Yu JK, Yuan FZ. Scaffold-Based Tissue Engineering Strategies for Osteochondral Repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:812383. [PMID: 35087809 PMCID: PMC8787149 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.812383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over centuries, several advances have been made in osteochondral (OC) tissue engineering to regenerate more biomimetic tissue. As an essential component of tissue engineering, scaffolds provide structural and functional support for cell growth and differentiation. Numerous scaffold types, such as porous, hydrogel, fibrous, microsphere, metal, composite and decellularized matrix, have been reported and evaluated for OC tissue regeneration in vitro and in vivo, with respective advantages and disadvantages. Unfortunately, due to the inherent complexity of organizational structure and the objective limitations of manufacturing technologies and biomaterials, we have not yet achieved stable and satisfactory effects of OC defects repair. In this review, we summarize the complicated gradients of natural OC tissue and then discuss various osteochondral tissue engineering strategies, focusing on scaffold design with abundant cell resources, material types, fabrication techniques and functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Nan Fu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - You-Rong Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Ying Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Hui Deng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Ning Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Kuo Yu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Zhen Yuan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
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Molecular and Cellular Effects of Chemical Chaperone-TUDCA on ER-Stressed NHAC-kn Human Articular Chondrocytes Cultured in Normoxic and Hypoxic Conditions. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040878. [PMID: 33562298 PMCID: PMC7915106 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is considered one of the most common arthritic diseases characterized by progressive degradation and abnormal remodeling of articular cartilage. Potential therapeutics for OA aim at restoring proper chondrocyte functioning and inhibiting apoptosis. Previous studies have demonstrated that tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) showed anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activity in many models of various diseases, acting mainly via alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, little is known about cytoprotective effects of TUDCA on chondrocyte cells. The present study was designed to evaluate potential effects of TUDCA on interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tunicamycin (TNC)-stimulated NHAC-kn chondrocytes cultured in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Our results showed that TUDCA alleviated ER stress in TNC-treated chondrocytes, as demonstrated by reduced CHOP expression; however, it was not effective enough to prevent apoptosis of NHAC-kn cells in either normoxia nor hypoxia. However, co-treatment with TUDCA alleviated inflammatory response induced by IL-1β, as shown by down regulation of Il-1β, Il-6, Il-8 and Cox2, and increased the expression of antioxidant enzyme Sod2. Additionally, TUDCA enhanced Col IIα expression in IL-1β- and TNC-stimulated cells, but only in normoxic conditions. Altogether, these results suggest that although TUDCA may display chondoprotective potential in ER-stressed cells, further analyses are still necessary to fully confirm its possible recommendation as potential candidate in OA therapy.
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Saghati S, Nasrabadi HT, Khoshfetrat AB, Moharamzadeh K, Hassani A, Mohammadi SM, Rahbarghazi R, Fathi Karkan S. Tissue Engineering Strategies to Increase Osteochondral Regeneration of Stem Cells; a Close Look at Different Modalities. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1294-1311. [PMID: 33547591 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The homeostasis of osteochondral tissue is tightly controlled by articular cartilage chondrocytes and underlying subchondral bone osteoblasts via different internal and external clues. As a correlate, the osteochondral region is frequently exposed to physical forces and mechanical pressure. On this basis, distinct sets of substrates and physicochemical properties of the surrounding matrix affect the regeneration capacity of chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Stem cells are touted as an alternative cell source for the alleviation of osteochondral diseases. These cells appropriately respond to the physicochemical properties of different biomaterials. This review aimed to address some of the essential factors which participate in the chondrogenic and osteogenic capacity of stem cells. Elements consisted of biomechanical forces, electrical fields, and biochemical and physical properties of the extracellular matrix are the major determinant of stem cell differentiation capacity. It is suggested that an additional certain mechanism related to signal-transduction pathways could also mediate the chondro-osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. The discovery of these clues can enable us to modulate the regeneration capacity of stem cells in osteochondral injuries and lead to the improvement of more operative approaches using tissue engineering modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Saghati
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Tayefi Nasrabadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ali Baradar Khoshfetrat
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Keyvan Moharamzadeh
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine (HBMCDM), Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences (MBRU), Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayla Hassani
- Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, 51335-1996, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Momeneh Mohammadi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Sonia Fathi Karkan
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Zimmermann J, Distler T, Boccaccini AR, van Rienen U. Numerical Simulations as Means for Tailoring Electrically Conductive Hydrogels Towards Cartilage Tissue Engineering by Electrical Stimulation. Molecules 2020; 25:E4750. [PMID: 33081205 PMCID: PMC7587583 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage regeneration is a clinical challenge. In recent years, hydrogels have emerged as implantable scaffolds in cartilage tissue engineering. Similarly, electrical stimulation has been employed to improve matrix synthesis of cartilage cells, and thus to foster engineering and regeneration of cartilage tissue. The combination of hydrogels and electrical stimulation may pave the way for new clinical treatment of cartilage lesions. To find the optimal electric properties of hydrogels, theoretical considerations and corresponding numerical simulations are needed to identify well-suited initial parameters for experimental studies. We present the theoretical analysis of a hydrogel in a frequently used electrical stimulation device for cartilage regeneration and tissue engineering. By means of equivalent circuits, finite element analysis, and uncertainty quantification, we elucidate the influence of the geometric and dielectric properties of cell-seeded hydrogels on the capacitive-coupling electrical field stimulation. Moreover, we discuss the possibility of cellular organisation inside the hydrogel due to forces generated by the external electric field. The introduced methodology is easily reusable by other researchers and allows to directly develop novel electrical stimulation study designs. Thus, this study paves the way for the design of future experimental studies using electrically conductive hydrogels and electrical stimulation for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Zimmermann
- Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Thomas Distler
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (T.D.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (T.D.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Ursula van Rienen
- Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany;
- Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Ageing of Individuals and Society, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
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