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Vernekar S, Budha RR, Alavala RR. Radiopharmaceuticals: A New Vista for Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Cancer. Curr Radiopharm 2024; 17:148-162. [PMID: 38213166 DOI: 10.2174/0118744710277275231112081003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Radiopharmaceuticals are in the diagnosis and treatment of cancerous and noncancerous diseases, and a hope for optimistic effort in the field of nuclear medicine. They play a crucial role in clinical nuclear medicine by providing a tool to comprehend human disease and create efficient treatments. A detailed analysis is provided regarding the crux of molecular imaging including PET and SPECT overview for the detection of cancers. For a specified understanding of radiation therapy, topics include ranging from the selection of radionuclide to its development and manufacture, and dosage requirements to establishing the importance of I- 131 Radiotherapy in thyroid cancer. In this review, we also discussed the current state of the art of nuclear medicine in thyroid cancer, including the role of radioiodine (RAI) therapeutic scans in the diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer. In addition, we established a brief outlook into the current status of the research in thyroid cancer and discussed the future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhi Vernekar
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Roja Rani Budha
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Panvel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410206, India
| | - Rajasekhar Reddy Alavala
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
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Varani M, Galli F, Bentivoglio V, Signore A. Particles and nanoparticles in nuclear medicine: Basic principles and instrumentation. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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3
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Roeinfard M, Zahedifar M, Darroudi M, Sadri K, Khorsand Zak A. Preparation of Technetium Labeled-Graphene Quantum Dots and Investigation of Their Bio Distribution. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pruszynski M, Kang CM, Koumarianou E, Vaidyanathan G, Zalutsky MR. d-Amino Acid Peptide Residualizing Agents for Protein Radioiodination: Effect of Aspartate for Glutamate Substitution. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051223. [PMID: 29783774 PMCID: PMC6099567 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The residualizing prosthetic agent Nε-(3-[*I]iodobenzoyl)-Lys5-Nα-maleimido-Gly1-d-GEEEK ([*I]IB-Mal-d-GEEEK) showed promise for the radioiodination of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that bind to internalizing molecular targets. Although enhanced tumor uptake was achieved in these studies, elevated kidney accumulation also was observed, particularly with low-molecular-weight, single-domain antibody fragments (sdAbs). Here, we developed an analogous agent (IB-Mal-d-GDDDK), in which glutamate residues (E) were replaced with aspartates (D) to determine whether this modification could decrease renal uptake. [125I]IB-Mal-d-GDDDK and [131I]IB-Mal-d-GEEEK were synthesized with similar radiochemical yields (60–80%) and coupled to the anti-HER2 sdAb 5F7 at 50–60% efficiency. Paired-label internalization assays in vitro indicated similar levels of intracellular activity residualization in HER2-expressing BT474M1 cells for [125I]IB-Mal-d-GDDDK-5F7 and [131I]IB-Mal-d-GEEEK-5F7. A paired-label biodistribution comparison of the two labeled conjugates was performed in mice with HER2-expressing SKOV-3 xenografts, and the results of this study indicated that renal uptake at 1 h was 127.5 ± 18.7% ID/g and 271.4 ± 66.6% ID/g for [125I]IB-Mal-d-GDDDK-5F7 and [131I]IB-Mal-d-GEEEK-5F7, respectively. The tumor uptake of the two radioconjugates was not significantly different. These results demonstrate that substitution of E with D in the IB-Mal-d-GEEEK construct reduced kidney accumulation of the sdAb. However, renal activity levels need to be reduced further if d-amino acid derived prosthetic agents are to be of practical value for labeling low molecular weight biomolecules such as sdAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Pruszynski
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
- Present address: Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Choong Mo Kang
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
- Present address: Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Eftychia Koumarianou
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
- Present address: Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| | | | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Lai WF, Rogach AL, Wong WT. Chemistry and engineering of cyclodextrins for molecular imaging. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:6379-6419. [PMID: 28930330 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00040e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are naturally occurring cyclic oligosaccharides bearing a basket-shaped topology with an "inner-outer" amphiphilic character. The abundance of hydroxyl groups enables CDs to be functionalized with multiple targeting ligands and imaging elements. The imaging time, and the payload of different imaging elements, can be tuned by taking advantage of the commercial availability of CDs with different sizes of the cavity. This review aims to offer an outlook of the chemistry and engineering of CDs for the development of molecular probes. Complexation thermodynamics of CDs, and the corresponding implications for probe design, are also presented with examples demonstrating the structural and physiochemical roles played by CDs in the full ambit of molecular imaging. We hope that this review not only offers a synopsis of the current development of CD-based molecular probes, but can also facilitate translation of the incremental advancements from the laboratory to real biomedical applications by illuminating opportunities and challenges for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Fu Lai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Smyczynski MS, Gifford HC, Lehovich A, McNamara JE, Segars WP, Hoffman EA, Tsui BMW, King MA. Modeling the respiratory motion of solitary pulmonary nodules and determining the impact of respiratory motion on their detection in SPECT imaging. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE 2016; 63:117-129. [PMID: 27182079 PMCID: PMC4863470 DOI: 10.1109/tns.2015.2512840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this investigation were to model the respiratory motion of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) and then use this model to determine the impact of respiratory motion on the localization and detection of small SPN in SPECT imaging for four reconstruction strategies. The respiratory motion of SPN was based on that of normal anatomic structures in the lungs determined from breath-held CT images of a volunteer acquired at two different stages of respiration. End-expiration (EE) and time-averaged (Frame Av) non-uniform-B-spline cardiac torso (NCAT) digital-anthropomorphic phantoms were created using this information for respiratory motion within the lungs. SPN were represented as 1 cm diameter spheres which underwent linear motion during respiration between the EE and end-inspiration (EI) time points. The SIMIND Monte Carlo program was used to produce SPECT projection data simulating Tc-99m depreotide (NeoTect) imaging. The projections were reconstructed using 1) no correction (NC), 2) attenuation correction (AC), 3) resolution compensation (RC), and 4) attenuation correction, scatter correction, and resolution compensation (AC_SC_RC). A human-observer localization receiver operating characteristics (LROC) study was then performed to determine the difference in localization and detection accuracy with and without the presence of respiratory motion. The LROC comparison determined that respiratory motion degrades tumor detection for all four reconstruction strategies, thus correction for SPN motion would be expected to improve detection accuracy. The inclusion of RC in reconstruction improved detection accuracy for both EE and Frame Av over NC and AC. Also the magnitude of the impact of motion was least for AC_SC_RC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Smyczynski
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655
| | - Howard C Gifford
- Biomedical Engineering Dept., University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Andre Lehovich
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655
| | | | - W Paul Segars
- Duke Advanced Imaging Laboratories, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Eric A Hoffman
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - Michael A King
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655 (telephone: 508-856-4255, )
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Smyczynski MS, Gifford HC, Dey J, Lehovich A, McNamara JE, Segars WP, King MA. LROC Investigation of Three Strategies for Reducing the Impact of Respiratory Motion on the Detection of Solitary Pulmonary Nodules in SPECT. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE 2016; 63:130-139. [PMID: 27182080 PMCID: PMC4863469 DOI: 10.1109/tns.2015.2481825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to determine the effectiveness of three motion reducing strategies in diminishing the degrading impact of respiratory motion on the detection of small solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) in single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) imaging in comparison to a standard clinical acquisition and the ideal case of imaging in the absence of respiratory motion. To do this non-uniform rational B-spline cardiac-torso (NCAT) phantoms based on human-volunteer CT studies were generated spanning the respiratory cycle for a normal background distribution of Tc-99m NeoTect. Similarly, spherical phantoms of 1.0 cm diameter were generated to model small SPN for each of 150 uniquely located sites within the lungs whose respiratory motion was based on the motion of normal structures in the volunteer CT studies. The SIMIND Monte Carlo program was used to produce SPECT projection data from these. Normal and single-lesion containing SPECT projection sets with a clinically realistic Poisson noise level were created for the cases of: 1) the end-expiration (EE) frame with all counts, 2) respiration-averaged motion with all counts, 3) one-fourth of the 32 frames centered around EE (Quarter-Binning), 4) one-half of the 32 frames centered around EE (Half-Binning), and 5) eight temporally binned frames spanning the respiratory cycle. Each of the sets of combined projection data were reconstructed with RBI-EM with system spatial-resolution compensation (RC). Based on the known motion for each of the 150 different lesions, the reconstructed volumes of respiratory bins were shifted so as to superimpose the locations of the SPN onto that in the first bin (Reconstruct and Shift). Five human-observers performed localization receiver operating characteristics (LROC) studies of SPN detection. The observer results were analyzed for statistical significance differences in SPN detection accuracy among the three correction strategies, the standard acquisition, and the ideal case of the absence of respiratory motion. Our human-observer LROC determined that Quarter-Binning and Half-Binning strategies resulted in SPN detection accuracy statistically significantly below (P < 0.05) that of standard clinical acquisition, whereas the Reconstruct and Shift strategy resulted in a detection accuracy not statistically significantly different from that of the ideal case. This investigation demonstrates that tumor detection based on acquisitions associated with less than all the counts which could potentially be employed may result in poorer detection despite limiting the motion of the lesion. The Reconstruct and Shift method results in tumor detection that is equivalent to ideal motion correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Smyczynski
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655
| | - Howard C Gifford
- Biomedical Engineering Dept., University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Joyoni Dey
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State University, LA
| | - Andre Lehovich
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655
| | | | - W Paul Segars
- Duke Advanced Imaging Laboratories, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Michael A King
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655 (telephone: 508-856-4255, )
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Duskey JT, Rice KG. Nanoparticle ligand presentation for targeting solid tumors. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:1345-54. [PMID: 24927668 PMCID: PMC4179653 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the many scientific advances to come from the study of nanoscience, the development of ligand-targeted nanoparticles to eliminate solid tumors is predicted to have a major impact on human health. There are many reports describing novel designs and testing of targeted nanoparticles to treat cancer. While the principles of the technology are well demonstrated in controlled lab experiments, there are still many hurdles to overcome for the science to mature into truly efficacious targeted nanoparticles that join the arsenal of agents currently used to treat cancer in humans. One of these hurdles is overcoming unwanted biodistribution to the liver while maximizing delivery to the tumor. This almost certainly requires advances in both nanoparticle stealth technology and targeting. Currently, it continues to be a challenge to control the loading of ligands onto polyethylene glycol (PEG) to achieve maximal targeting. Nanoparticle cellular uptake and subcellular targeting of genes and siRNA also remain a challenge. This review examines the types of ligands that have been most often used to target nanoparticles to solid tumors. As the science matures over the coming decade, careful control over ligand presentation on nanoparticles of precise size, shape, and charge will likely play a major role in achieving success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T. Duskey
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
| | - Kevin G. Rice
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
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Oliveira EA, Faintuch BL. Radiolabeling and biological evaluation of the GX1 and RGD-GX1 peptide sequence for angiogenesis targeting. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 42:123-30. [PMID: 25311749 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aiming to develop a novel (99m)Tc-labeled imaging agent, for angiogenesis and tumor receptors, two peptides obtained from phage display library, namely GX1 and the heterodimer RGD-GX1, were synthesized in a cyclic conformation. They were radiolabeled with (99m)Tc, employing the HYNIC chelator, for radiochemical evaluation and biological properties. METHODS Radiolabeling, radiochemical control, plasma protein binding, and partition coefficient were assessed for both radioconjugates. Biodistribution in healthy Balb/c mice was carried out, in order to evaluate the biological behaviour of the radiocomplexes. RESULTS The conjugates displayed a rather similar pharmacokinetic profile. They were prepared with high radiochemical purity (>96%), and both were hydrophilic (log P of -2.25 and -2.51 respectively). Preferential renal excretion was observed. Kidney uptake (42.31±5.35 %ID/g) for (99m)Tc-HYNIC-E-[c(RGDfk)-c(GX1)], 1h post-injection was about three times higher than the uptake of (99m)Tc-HYNIC-PEG4-c(GX1) (11.92±4.77%ID/g). Total blood, bone and muscle values revealed a slightly slower clearance for the RGD-GX1 radiocomplex. CONCLUSION The high radiochemical purity achieved, and the similar in vivo profile observed for both radioconjugates, make them potential candidates for radiopharmaceuticals for tumor imaging. Further investigations of binding affinity, and uptake of GX1 and RGD-GX1 peptides in tumor models, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Oliveira
- Radiopharmacy, Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - B L Faintuch
- Radiopharmacy, Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Azhdarinia A, Ghosh S. Nuclear Imaging with Nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014. [DOI: 10.1201/b17246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Dooraghi AA, Keng PY, Chen S, Javed MR, Kim CJCJ, Chatziioannou AF, van Dam RM. Optimization of microfluidic PET tracer synthesis with Cerenkov imaging. Analyst 2013; 138:5654-64. [PMID: 23928799 PMCID: PMC3812546 DOI: 10.1039/c3an01113e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technologies provide an attractive platform for the synthesis of radiolabeled compounds. Visualization of radioisotopes on chip is critical for synthesis optimization and technological development. With Cerenkov imaging, beta particle emitting isotopes can be localized with a sensitive CCD camera. In order for Cerenkov imaging to also serve as a quantitative tool, it is necessary to understand how material properties relevant to Cerenkov emission, namely, index of refraction and beta particle stopping power, affect Cerenkov light output. In this report, we investigate the fundamental physical characteristics of Cerenkov photon yield at different stages of [(18)F]FDG synthesis on the electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) microfluidic platform. We also demonstrate how Cerenkov imaging has enabled synthesis optimization. Geant4, a Monte Carlo program applied extensively in high energy physics, is used to simulate Cerenkov photon yield from (18)F beta particles traversing materials of interest during [(18)F]FDG synthesis on chip. Our simulations show that the majority (approximately two-thirds) of the (18)F beta particle energy available to produce Cerenkov photons is deposited on the glass plates of the EWOD chip. This result suggests the possibility of using a single calibration factor to convert Cerenkov signal to radioactivity, independent of droplet composition. We validate our simulations with a controlled measurement examining varying ratios of [(18)O]H2O, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and acetonitrile (MeCN), and find a consistent calibration independent of solvent composition. However, the calibration factor may underestimate the radioactivity in actual synthesis due to discoloration of the droplet during certain steps of probe synthesis. In addition to the attractive quantitative potential of Cerenkov imaging, this imaging strategy provides indispensable qualitative data to guide synthesis optimization. We are able to use this imaging technique to optimize the mixing protocol as well as identify and correct for loss of radioactivity due to the migration of radioactive vapor outside of the EWOD heater, enabling an overall increase in the crude radiochemical yield from 50 ± 3% (n = 3) to 72 ± 13% (n = 5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex A Dooraghi
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Psimadas D, Bouziotis P, Georgoulias P, Valotassiou V, Tsotakos T, Loudos G. Radiolabeling approaches of nanoparticles with99mTc. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2013; 8:333-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Penelope Bouziotis
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy & Safety; N.C.S.R. ‘Demokritos’; 15310; Aghia Paraskevi; Greece
| | - Panagiotis Georgoulias
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; University Hospital of Larissa; 41110; Mezourlo; Larissa; Greece
| | - Varvara Valotassiou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; University Hospital of Larissa; 41110; Mezourlo; Larissa; Greece
| | | | - George Loudos
- Department of Medical Instruments Technology; Technological Educational Institute of Athens; Aghiou Spyridonos 28; 12210; Egaleo; Greece
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Choudhury PS, Savio E, Solanki KK, Alonso O, Gupta A, Gambini JP, Doval D, Sharma P, Dondi M. (99m)Tc glucarate as a potential radiopharmaceutical agent for assessment of tumor viability: from bench to the bed side. World J Nucl Med 2013; 11:47-56. [PMID: 23372437 PMCID: PMC3555394 DOI: 10.4103/1450-1147.103405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Several radiotracers have been used for assessing cell death, whether by necrosis or apoptosis. 99mTc glucarate, which has initially been reported to be concentrating/accumulating in myocardial infarction or zones of cerebral injury, has also shown some tumor-seeking properties in a few preliminary studies. Under International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)'s coordinated research program, we report here the standardization, quality control, and clinical evaluation (detection, evaluation of response, and comparison with 18F Fluorodeoxyglucose) of this tracer in well-characterized lung cancer and head neck malignancies in a single-arm prospective observational study. Forty-seven patients (29 inoperable lung carcinoma and 18 head and neck malignancies) were prospectively enrolled and underwent 99mTc glucarate imaging [whole body planar and single-photon emission computed tomography of the region of interest] 4-5 hours after injection of 20 mCi of the radiopharmaceutical. Excellent 99mTc glucarate concentration was noted in the target lesion in lung cancer and head and neck malignancies. The sensitivity was found to be better in lung cancer. Avid concentration of tracer was seen in the metastatic sites. During response evaluation, the glucarate concentration correlated well with the clinical and other radiological findings. 99mTc glucarate showed avid concentration of tracer in the tumor, suggesting it to be a potential tumor imaging agent which can be used for detection and assessment of therapeutic response in malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha S Choudhury
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Center, New Delhi, India
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Psimadas D, Georgoulias P, Valotassiou V, Loudos G. Molecular Nanomedicine Towards Cancer: 111In-Labeled Nanoparticles. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:2271-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Early detection of tumor response by FLT/microPET Imaging in a C26 murine colon carcinoma solid tumor animal model. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:535902. [PMID: 21869861 PMCID: PMC3157890 DOI: 10.1155/2011/535902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging demonstrated the change of glucose consumption of tumor cells, but problems with specificity and difficulties in early detection of tumor response to chemotherapy have led to the development of new PET tracers. Fluorine-18-fluorothymidine ((18)F-FLT) images cellular proliferation by entering the salvage pathway of DNA synthesis. In this study, we evaluate the early response of colon carcinoma to the chemotherapeutic drug, lipo-Dox, in C26 murine colorectal carcinoma-bearing mice by (18)F-FDG and (18)F-FLT. The male BALB/c mice were bilaterally inoculated with 1 × 10(5) and 1 × 10(6) C26 tumor cells per flank. Mice were intravenously treated with 10 mg/kg lipo-Dox at day 8 after (18)F-FDG and (18)F-FLT imaging. The biodistribution of (18)F-FDG and (18)F-FLT were followed by the microPET imaging at day 9. For the quantitative measurement of microPET imaging at day 9, (18)F-FLT was superior to (18)F-FDG for early detection of tumor response to Lipo-DOX at various tumor sizes (P < 0.05). The data of biodistribution showed similar results with those from the quantification of SUV (standard uptake value) by microPET imaging. The study indicates that (18)F-FLT/microPET is a useful imaging modality for early detection of chemotherapy in the colorectal mouse model.
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In vitro evaluation of apoptosis with 99mTc-glucoheptonate. Appl Radiat Isot 2011; 69:955-9. [PMID: 21459007 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Radiopharmaceuticals are useful to evaluate effectiveness of cancer treatments as well as diagnosis of diseases. (99m)Tc-Glucoheptonate has high sensitivity for imaging lung cancer tissues. In this study, the potential use of (99m)Tc-glucoheptonate for monitoring apoptosis related to chemotherapeutic agents is investigated in vitro using A549 lung cancer cell line. A decrease in (99m)Tc-glucoheptonate uptake ratio was observed depending on the level of apoptosis. (99m)Tc-glucoheptonate is found to be useful for the detection of apoptosis following treatment in A549 lung tumor cells.
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Kagadis GC, Loudos G, Katsanos K, Langer SG, Nikiforidis GC. In vivosmall animal imaging: Current status and future prospects. Med Phys 2010; 37:6421-42. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3515456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Hall NC, Zhang J, Povoski SP, Martin EW, Knopp MV. New developments in imaging and functional biomarker technology for the assessment and management of cancer patients. Expert Rev Med Devices 2009; 6:347-51. [PMID: 19572788 DOI: 10.1586/erd.09.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Roper J, Bowsher J, Yin FF. On-board SPECT for localizing functional targets: a simulation study. Med Phys 2009; 36:1727-35. [PMID: 19544790 DOI: 10.1118/1.3113902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was investigated for imaging on-board radiation therapy machines in order to localize functional and molecular targets. A computer-simulated female NCAT phantom was positioned supine on a flat-top treatment couch. Twenty tumor locations were defined in the upper torso. The eight lung tumors were subject to the effects of respiratory motion. Tumor diameters of 10.8, 14.4, and 21.6 mm were simulated for tumor-to-background ratios of 3:1 and 6:1 that are characteristic of the radiotracer 99mTc-sestamibi. Projection images representing scan times of 4, 8, and 20 min were simulated for an anterior, half-circular trajectory. Images were reconstructed with attenuation correction by ordered-subsets expectation maximization (OSEM) using six subsets and five iterations. Contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) were calculated from ensembles of 25 images. Cross correlation with a noise-free tumor template was used to select the most suspicious tumor location within a 14.4-mm-radius search volume surrounding each tumor, with only that one tumor in each search volume. Localization accuracy was assessed by calculating average distances between measured and true tumor locations. Localization accuracy and CNRs were strongly affected by tumor location relative to the detector trajectory. For example, CNR values near the chest wall were greater by a factor of 3.5 than for tumors near the spine and posterior ribs, a much greater effect than the factor of 1.6 difference in CNR between 6:1 and 3:1 tumor uptakes. Typically, tumors of 6:1 uptake were localized as accurately with 4 min of scan time as tumors of 3:1 uptake that had been imaged for 20 min. Using 4 min scans, 14.4 and 21.6 mm anterior tumors of 6:1 uptake were localized within 2 mm. These results suggest that SPECT, on-board radiation therapy machines, may be a viable modality for localizing certain functional and molecular targets using relatively short scan times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Roper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Physics Graduate Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
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Wang XF, Jin PP, Tong Zhou, Zhao YP, Ding QL, Wang DB, Zhao GM, Jing-Dai, Wang HL, Ge HL. MR molecular imaging of thrombus: development and application of a Gd-based novel contrast agent targeting to P-selectin. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2009; 16:177-83. [PMID: 19141485 DOI: 10.1177/1076029608330470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging of thrombus formation at initial stage requires a robust thrombus-specific contrast agent with high sensitivity. In this study, we report a novel P-selectin-targeted paramagnetic molecular imaging agent and the agent's potential to sensitively detect occult microthrombi on the intimal surface of endothelium. Platelet clots and blood clots targeted in vitro with paramagnetic nanoparticles presented a highly detectable, homogeneous T1-weighted contrast enhancement that was improved with increasing gadolinium level. In vivo contrast enhancement under part of circulation conditions was assessed in dogs. The micro-thrombi around the femoral vein of dog demonstrated higher signal intensities than the control clots and the adjacent muscle. Histology was performed on regions likely to contain thrombus as indicated by MRI. These results suggest that molecular imaging of P-selectin-targeted paramagnetic nanoparticles can provide sensitive detection and localization of P-selectin and may allow for early, direct identification of microthrombi, leading to early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Wang
- Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Perek N, Sabido O, Le Jeune N, Prevot N, Vergnon JM, Clotagatide A, Dubois F. Could 99mTc-glucarate be used to evaluate tumour necrosis? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2008; 35:1290-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-007-0689-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2007] [Accepted: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Guo N, Alagille D, Tamagnan G, Price RR, Baldwin RM. Microwave-induced nucleophilic [18F]fluorination on aromatic rings: synthesis and effect of halogen on [18F]fluoride substitution of meta-halo (F, Cl, Br, I)-benzonitrile derivatives. Appl Radiat Isot 2008; 66:1396-402. [PMID: 18417350 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The meta-halo-3-methylbenzonitrile derivatives (-F, -Cl, -Br, -I) were synthesized as model compounds to study reactivity towards aromatic nucleophilic substitution. A single-mode microwave system was incorporated into a commercial radiochemical synthetic module for (18)F labeling. Labeling yields of 64% for fluoro-, 13% for bromo- and 9% for chloro-precursors were achieved in DMSO in <3 min. The observed order of reactivity of the leaving groups toward aromatic nucleophilic substitution was F>>Br>Cl>>>I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Guo
- Department of Radiology & Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Gogitidze TV, Demushkin VP, Zhavoronkova EV, Kopytov VV, Marchenkov NS. [Conformational analysis of cysteine-containing peptides and prospects of their application to 213Bi chelating in antitumor therapy]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2006; 32:268-75. [PMID: 16808169 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162006030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The method of conformational analysis was applied to the spatial structures of peptide analogues of phytochelatins and some fragments of metallothioneins: (Cys-Gly)3, (Cys-Gly)3Asp, (Cys-Gly)3Glu, (Cys-betaAla)3, (Cys-gammaGlu)3, and (Cys-Gly-Gly)3. All the possible low-energy conformations of the molecules were revealed and the role of intra- and inter-residual interactions in the formation of their spatial structures was determined. A different tendency of the molecules under study for acceptance of conformations favorable for binding bismuth ions was shown. Low-energy structures providing an optimum binding of bismuth ion were shown to be most frequent for (Cys-betaAla)3 peptide. Among the analogues of peptide fragments of the metallothioneins, lacking in natural peptides, low-energy pentapeptide CCXXC fragments (where X = Gln, Asn, Phe, Tyr, and Gly) were revealed. In the alpha-helical conformations of these pentapeptides, the distance between the sulfur atoms corresponds to that in Bi2S3. The English version of the paper: Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 2006, vol. 32, no. 3; see also http://www.maik.ru.
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