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Liu X, Zu E, Chang X, Ma X, Wang Z, Song X, Li X, Yu Q, Kamei KI, Hayashi T, Mizuno K, Hattori S, Fujisaki H, Ikejima T, Wang DO. Bi-phasic effect of gelatin in myogenesis and skeletal muscle regeneration. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:273524. [PMID: 34821368 PMCID: PMC8713995 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration requires extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, including an acute and transient breakdown of collagen that produces gelatin. Although the physiological function of this process is unclear, it has inspired the application of gelatin to injured skeletal muscle for a potential pro-regenerative effect. Here, we investigated a bi-phasic effect of gelatin in skeletal muscle regeneration, mediated by the hormetic effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Low-dose gelatin stimulated ROS production from NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and simultaneously upregulated the antioxidant system for cellular defense, reminiscent of the adaptive compensatory process during mild stress. This response triggered the release of the myokine IL-6, which stimulates myogenesis and facilitates muscle regeneration. By contrast, high-dose gelatin stimulated ROS overproduction from NOX2 and the mitochondrial chain complex, and ROS accumulation by suppressing the antioxidant system, triggering the release of TNFα, which inhibits myogenesis and regeneration. Our results have revealed a bi-phasic role of gelatin in regulating skeletal muscle repair mediated by intracellular ROS, the antioxidant system and cytokine (IL-6 and TNFα) signaling. Summary: Application of high- and low-dose gelatin to skeletal muscle revealed a bi-phasic role of gelatin in regulating skeletal muscle repair, which has translational implications for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Er Zu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xinyu Chang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xintong Song
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiangru Li
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutic, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qing Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ken-Ichiro Kamei
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-850, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.,Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advance Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1, Nakanomachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan.,Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan
| | - Kazunori Mizuno
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan
| | - Shunji Hattori
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan
| | - Hitomi Fujisaki
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikejima
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.,Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research and Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Dan Ohtan Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.,Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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