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Tichacek CJ, Tafreshi NK, Kil H, Engelman RW, Doligalski ML, Budzevich MM, Gage KL, McLaughlin ML, Wadas TJ, Silva A, Moros E, Morse DL. Biodistribution and Multicompartment Pharmacokinetic Analysis of a Targeted α Particle Therapy. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:4180-4188. [PMID: 32960613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Targeted α particle therapy (TAT) is ideal for treating disease while minimizing damage to surrounding nontargeted tissues due to short path length and high linear energy transfer (LET). We developed a TAT for metastatic uveal melanoma, targeting the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R), which is expressed in 94% of uveal melanomas. Two versions of the therapy are being investigated: 225Ac-DOTA-Ahx-MC1RL (225Ac-Ahx) and 225Ac-DOTA-di-d-Glu-MC1RL (225Ac-di-d-Glu). The biodistribution (BD) from each was studied and a multicompartment pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed to describe drug distribution rates. Two groups of 16 severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice bearing high MC1R expressing tumors were intravenously injected with 225Ac-Ahx or 225Ac-di-d-Glu. After injection, four groups (n = 4) were euthanized at 24, 96, 144, and 288 h time points for each cohort. Tumors and 13 other organs were harvested at each time point. Isomeric γ spectra were measured in tissue samples using a scintillation γ detector and converted to α activity using factors for γ ray abundance per α decay. Time activity curves were calculated for each organ. A five-compartment PK model was built with the following compartments: blood, tumor, normal tissue, kidney, and liver. This model is characterized by a system of five ordinary differential equations using mass action kinetics, which describe uptake, intercompartmental transitions, and clearance rates. The ordinary differential equations were simultaneously solved and fit to experimental data using a genetic algorithm for optimization. The BD data show that both compounds have minimal distribution to organs at risk other than the kidney and liver. The PK parameter estimates had less than 5% error. From these data, 225Ac-Ahx showed larger and faster uptake in the liver. Both compounds had comparable uptake and clearance rates for other compartments. The BD and PK behavior for two targeted radiopharmaceuticals were investigated. The PK model fit the experimental data and provided insight into the kinetics of the compounds systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Tichacek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States.,Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States.,Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Narges K Tafreshi
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - HyunJoo Kil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Robert W Engelman
- Department of Pediatrics, Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Michael L Doligalski
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Mikalai M Budzevich
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States.,Small Animal Imaging Laboratory, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Kenneth L Gage
- Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Mark L McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States.,Modulation Therapeutics Inc., Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Thaddeus J Wadas
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Ariosto Silva
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Eduardo Moros
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States.,Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States.,Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - David L Morse
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States.,Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
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Zhang W, Fan W, Ottemann BM, Alshehri S, Garrison JC. Development of Improved Tumor-Residualizing, GRPR-Targeted Agents: Preclinical Comparison of an Endolysosomal Trapping Approach in Agonistic and Antagonistic Constructs. J Nucl Med 2019; 61:443-450. [PMID: 31601697 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.231282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-targeted radiopharmaceuticals based on low-molecular-weight carriers offer many clinically advantageous attributes relative to macromolecules but have generally been hampered by their rapid clearance from tumors, thus diminishing tumor-to-nontarget tissue ratios. Herein, we present a strategy using irreversible inhibitors (E-64 derivative) of cysteine cathepsins (CCs) as trapping agents to increase the tumor retention of receptor-targeted agents. Methods: We incorporated these CC-trapping agents into agonistic and antagonistic pharmacophores targeting the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR). The synthesized radioconjugates with either an incorporated CC inhibitor or a matching control were examined using in vitro and in vivo models of the GRPR-positive, PC-3 human prostate cancer cell line. Results: From the in vitro studies, multiple techniques confirmed that the CC-trapping, GRPR-targeted constructs were able to increase cellular retention by forming intracellular macromolecule adducts. In PC-3 tumor-bearing xenograft mice, the CC-trapping, GRPR-targeted agonistic and antagonistic constructs led to an approximately 2-fold increase in tumor retention with a corresponding improvement in most tumor-to-nontarget tissue ratios over 72 h. Conclusion: CC endolysosomal trapping provides a pathway to increase the efficacy and clinical potential of low-molecular-weight, receptor-targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.,Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.,Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Brendan M Ottemann
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Sameer Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.,Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jered C Garrison
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska .,Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; and.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Baiu DC, Marsh IR, Boruch AE, Shahi A, Bhattacharya S, Jeffery JJ, Zhao Q, Hall LT, Weichert JP, Bednarz BP, Otto M. Targeted Molecular Radiotherapy of Pediatric Solid Tumors Using a Radioiodinated Alkyl-Phospholipid Ether Analog. J Nucl Med 2017; 59:244-250. [PMID: 28747518 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.193748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
External-beam radiotherapy plays a critical role in the treatment of most pediatric solid tumors. Particularly in children, achieving an optimal therapeutic index to avoid damage to normal tissue is extremely important. Consequently, in metastatic disease, the utility of external-beam radiotherapy is limited. Molecular radiotherapy with tumor-targeted radionuclides may overcome some of these challenges, but to date there exists no single cancer-selective agent capable of treating various pediatric malignancies independently of their histopathologic origin. We tested the therapeutic potential of the clinical-grade alkyl-phospholipid ether analog CLR1404, 18-(p-iodophenyl)octadecyl phosphocholine, as a scaffold for tumor-targeted radiotherapy of pediatric malignancies. Methods: Uptake of CLR1404 by pediatric solid tumor cells was tested in vitro by flow cytometry and in vivo by PET/CT imaging and dosimetry. The therapeutic potential of 131I-CLR1404 was evaluated in xenograft models. Results: In vitro, fluorescent CLR1404-BODIPY showed significant selective uptake in a variety of pediatric cancer lines compared with normal controls. In vivo tumor-targeted uptake in mouse xenograft models using 124I-CLR1404 was confirmed by imaging. Single-dose intravenous injection of 131I-CLR1404 significantly delayed tumor growth in all rodent pediatric xenograft models and extended animal survival while demonstrating a favorable side effect profile. Conclusion:131I-CLR1404 has the potential to become a tumor-targeted radiotherapeutic drug with broad applicability in pediatric oncology. Because 131I-CLR1404 has entered clinical trials in adults, our data warrant the development of pediatric clinical trials for this particularly vulnerable patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana C Baiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ian R Marsh
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Alexander E Boruch
- Department of Pediatrics, Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ankita Shahi
- Department of Pediatrics, Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Saswati Bhattacharya
- Department of Pediatrics, Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Justin J Jeffery
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Lance T Hall
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Jamey P Weichert
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Bryan P Bednarz
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mario Otto
- Department of Pediatrics, Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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Ni X, Li X, Cheng JP. Equilibrium acidities of cinchona alkaloid organocatalysts bearing 6′-hydrogen bonding donors in DMSO. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00305a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The pKa values of 18 cinchona alkaloid based organocatalysts bearing 6′-hydrogen bonding donors were determined by the overlapping indicator method in DMSO via UV spectrophotometric titrations. The pKa values are in the range of 6.76–20.24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Jin-Pei Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tianjin 300071
- China
- Center of Basic Molecular Science
- Department of Chemistry
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Gupta SK, Singla S, Bal C. Renal and Hematological Toxicity in Patients of Neuroendocrine Tumors After Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy with177Lu-DOTATATE. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2012; 27:593-9. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2012.1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K. Gupta
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Suhas Singla
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chandrasekhar Bal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Grudzinski JJ, Floberg JM, Mudd SR, Jeffery JJ, Peterson ET, Nomura A, Burnette RR, Tomé WA, Weichert JP, Jeraj R. Application of a whole-body pharmacokinetic model for targeted radionuclide therapy to NM404 and FLT. Phys Med Biol 2012; 57:1641-57. [PMID: 22398155 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/57/6/1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We have previously developed a model that provides relative dosimetry estimates for targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) agents. The whole-body and tumor pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of this model can be noninvasively measured with molecular imaging, providing a means of comparing potential TRT agents. Parameter sensitivities and noise will affect the accuracy and precision of the estimated PK values and hence dosimetry estimates. The aim of this work is to apply a PK model for TRT to two agents with different magnitudes of clearance rates, NM404 and FLT, explore parameter sensitivity with respect to time and investigate the effect of noise on parameter precision and accuracy. Twenty-three tumor bearing mice were injected with a 'slow-clearing' agent, (124)I-NM404 (n = 10), or a 'fast-clearing' agent, (18)F-FLT (3'-deoxy-3'-fluorothymidine) (n = 13) and imaged via micro-PET/CT pseudo-dynamically or dynamically, respectively. Regions of interest were drawn within the heart and tumor to create time-concentration curves for blood pool and tumor. PK analysis was performed to estimate the mean and standard error of the central compartment efflux-to-influx ratio (k(12)/k(21)), central elimination rate constant (k(el)), and tumor influx-to-efflux ratio (k(34)/k(43)), as well as the mean and standard deviation of the dosimetry estimates. NM404 and FLT parameter estimation results were used to analyze model accuracy and parameter sensitivity. The accuracy of the experimental sampling schedule was compared to that of an optimal sampling schedule found using Cramer-Rao lower bounds theory. Accuracy was assessed using correlation coefficient, bias and standard error of the estimate normalized to the mean (SEE/mean). The PK parameter estimation of NM404 yielded a central clearance, k(el) (0.009 ± 0.003 h(-1)), normal body retention, k(12)/k(21) (0.69 ± 0.16), tumor retention, k(34)/k(43) (1.44 ± 0.46) and predicted dosimetry, D(tumor) (3.47 ± 1.24 Gy). The PK parameter estimation of FLT yielded a central elimination rate constant, k(el) (0.050 ± 0.025 min(-1)), normal body retention, k(12)/k(21) (2.21 ± 0.62) and tumor retention, k(34)/k(43) (0.65 ± 0.17), and predicted dosimetry, D(tumor) (0.61 ± 0.20 Gy). Compared to experimental sampling, optimal sampling decreases the dosimetry bias and SEE/mean for NM404; however, it increases bias and decreases SEE/mean for FLT. For both NM404 and FLT, central compartment efflux rate constant, k(12), and central compartment influx rate constant, k(21), possess mirroring sensitivities at relatively early time points. The instantaneous concentration in the blood, C(0), was most sensitive at early time points; central elimination, k(el), and tumor efflux, k(43), are most sensitive at later time points. A PK model for TRT was applied to both a slow-clearing, NM404, and a fast-clearing, FLT, agents in a xenograft murine model. NM404 possesses more favorable PK values according to the PK TRT model. The precise and accurate measurement of k(12), k(21), k(el), k(34) and k(43) will translate into improved and precise dosimetry estimations. This work will guide the future use of this PK model for assessing the relative effectiveness of potential TRT agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Grudzinski
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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Soundararajan A, Bao A, Phillips WT, McManus LM, Goins BA. Chemoradionuclide therapy with 186re-labeled liposomal doxorubicin: toxicity, dosimetry, and therapeutic response. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2011; 26:603-14. [PMID: 21834653 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2010.0948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and therapeutic effects of rhenium-186 ((186)Re)-labeled liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil), investigate associated toxicities, and calculate radiation absorbed dose in head and neck tumor xenografts and normal organs. Doxil and control polyethylene glycol (PEG)-liposomes were labeled using (186)Re-N,N-bis(2-mercaptoethyl)-N',N'-diethylethylenediamine (BMEDA) method. Tumor-bearing rats received either no therapy (n=6), intravenous Doxil (n=4), or escalating radioactivity of (186)Re-Doxil (185-925 MBq/kg) or (186)Re-PEG-liposomes (1110-1665 MBq/kg) and were monitored for 28 days. Based on body weight loss and systemic toxicity, MTD for (186)Re-Doxil and (186)Re-PEG-liposomes were established at injected radioactivity/body weight of 740 and 1480 MBq/kg, respectively. (186)Re-injected radioactivity/body weight for therapy studies was determined to be 555 MBq/kg for (186)Re-Doxil and 1295 MBq/kg for (186)Re-PEG-liposomes. All groups recovered from their body weight loss, leucopenia, and thrombocytopenia by 28 days postinjection. Normalized radiation absorbed dose to tumor was significantly higher for (186)Re-Doxil (0.299±0.109 Gy/MBq) compared with (186)Re-PEG-liposomes (0.096±0.120 Gy/MBq) (p<0.05). In a separate therapy study, tumor volumes were significantly smaller for (186)Re-Doxil (555 MBq/kg) compared with (186)Re-PEG-liposomes (1295 MBq/kg) (p<0.01) at 42 days postinjection. In conclusion, combination chemoradionuclide therapy with (186)Re-Doxil has promising potential, because good tumor control was achieved with limited associated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Soundararajan
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
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Grudzinski JJ, Tomé W, Weichert JP, Jeraj R. The biological effectiveness of targeted radionuclide therapy based on a whole-body pharmacokinetic model. Phys Med Biol 2010; 55:5723-34. [PMID: 20826898 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/55/19/007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Biologically effective dose (BED) may be more of a relevant quantity than absorbed dose for establishing tumour response relationships. By taking into account the dose rate and tissue-specific parameters such as repair and radiosensitivity, it is possible to compare the relative biological effects of different targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) agents. The aim of this work was to develop an analytical tumour BED calculation for TRT that could predict a relative biological effect based on normal body and tumour pharmacokinetics. This work represents a step in the direction of establishing relative pharmacokinetic criteria of when the BED formalism is more applicable than absorbed dose for TRT. A previously established pharmacokinetic (PK) model for TRT was used and adapted into the BED formalism. An analytical equation for the protraction factor, which incorporates dose rate and repair rate, was derived. Dose rates within the normal body and tumour were related to the slopes of their time-activity curves which were determined by the ratios of their respective PK parameters. The relationships between the tumour influx-to-efflux ratio (k(34):k(43)), central compartment efflux-to-influx ratio (k(12):k(21)), central elimination (k(el)), and tumour repair rate (μ), and tumour BED were investigated. As the k(34):k(43) ratio increases and the k(12):k(21) ratio decreases, the difference between tumour BED and D increases. In contrast, as the k(34):k(43) ratios decrease and the k(12):k(21) ratios increase, the tumour BED approaches D. At large k(34):k(43) ratios, the difference between tumour BED and D increases to a maximum as k(el) increases. At small k(34):k(43) ratios, the tumour BED approaches D at very small k(el). At small μ and small k(34):k(43) ratios, the tumour BED approaches D. For large k(34):k(43) ratios, large μ values cause tumour BED to approach D. This work represents a step in the direction of establishing relative PK criteria of when the BED formalism is more applicable than absorbed dose for TRT. It also provides a framework by which the biological effects of different TRT agents can be compared in order to predict efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Grudzinski
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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