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Benković V, Milić M, Oršolić N, Knežević AH, Brozović G, Borojević N. Different damaging effects of volatile anaesthetics alone or in combination with 1 and 2 Gy gamma-irradiation in vivo on mouse liver DNA: a preliminary study. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2023; 74:22-33. [PMID: 37014688 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2023-74-3692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As the number of radiotherapy and radiology diagnostic procedures increases from year to year, so does the use of general volatile anaesthesia (VA). Although considered safe, VA exposure can cause different adverse effects and, in combination with ionising radiation (IR), can also cause synergistic effects. However, little is known about DNA damage incurred by this combination at doses applied in a single radiotherapy treatment. To learn more about it, we assessed DNA damage and repair response in the liver tissue of Swiss albino male mice following exposure to isoflurane (I), sevoflurane (S), or halothane (H) alone or in combination with 1 or 2 Gy irradiation using the comet assay. Samples were taken immediately (0 h) and 2, 6, and 24 h after exposure. Compared to control, the highest DNA damage was found in mice receiving halothane alone or in combination with 1 or 2 Gy IR treatments. Sevoflurane and isoflurane displayed protective effects against 1 Gy IR, while with 2 Gy IR the first adverse effects appeared at 24 h post-exposure. Although VA effects depend on liver metabolism, the detection of unrepaired DNA damage 24 h after combined exposure with 2 Gy IR indicates that we need to look further into the combined effects of VA and IR on genome stability and include a longer time frame than 24 h for single exposure as well as repeated exposure as a more realistic scenario in radiotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Benković
- 1University of Zagreb Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Milić
- 2Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Oršolić
- 1University of Zagreb Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Gordana Brozović
- 3Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital, Clinic for Tumours, Department of Anaesthesiology, Reanimatology, and Intensive Care, Zagreb, Croatia
- 4University of Osijek Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nikola Borojević
- 5National Health Service Foundation Trust, Warrington and Halton Teaching Hospitals, Warrington, United Kingdom
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Benković V, Milić M, Oršolić N, Horvat Knežević A, Brozović G, Borojević N. Brain DNA damaging effects of volatile anesthetics and 1 and 2 Gy gamma irradiation in vivo: Preliminary results. Toxicol Ind Health 2023; 39:67-80. [PMID: 36602468 DOI: 10.1177/07482337221145599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Although both can cause DNA damage, the combined impact of volatile anesthetics halothane/sevoflurane/isoflurane and radiotherapeutic exposure on sensitive brain cells in vivo has not been previously analyzed. Healthy Swiss albino male mice (240 in total, 48 groups) were exposed to either halothane/sevoflurane/isoflurane therapeutic doses alone (2 h); 1 or 2 gray of gamma radiation alone; or combined exposure. Frontal lobe brain samples from five animals were taken immediately and 2, 6, and 24 h after exposure. DNA damage and cellular repair index were analyzed using the alkaline comet assay and the tail intensity parameter. Elevated tail intensity levels for sevoflurane/halothane were the highest at 6 h and returned to baseline within 24 h for sevoflurane, but not for halothane, while isoflurane treatment caused lower tail intensity than control values. Combined exposure demonstrated a slightly halothane/sevoflurane protective and isoflurane protective effect, which was stronger for 2 than for 1 gray. Cellular repair indices and tail intensity histograms indicated different modes of action in DNA damage creation. Isoflurane/sevoflurane/halothane preconditioning demonstrated protective effects in sensitive brain cells in vivo. Owing to the constant increases in the combined use of radiotherapy and volatile anesthetics, further studies should explore the mechanisms behind these effects, including longer and multiple exposure treatments and in vivo brain tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Benković
- Faculty of Science, 117036University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Milić
- Mutagenesis Unit, 118938Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Faculty of Science, 117036University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Gordana Brozović
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and ICU, University Hospital for Tumors, 499232Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, 84992University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nikola Borojević
- 8256Warrington and Halton Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Warrington, UK
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Kidney cell DNA damage caused by combined exposure to volatile anaesthetics and 1 Gy or 2 Gy radiotherapy dose in vivo. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2022; 73:62-70. [PMID: 35390237 PMCID: PMC8999587 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2022-73-3600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient immobilisation with volatile anaesthetics (VA) during radiotherapy is sometimes unavoidable. Although it is known that both VAs and ionising radiation can have nephrotoxic effects, there are no studies of their combined effects on DNA damage. The aim of this in vivo study was to address this gap by investigating whether 48 groups of healthy Swiss albino mice (totalling 240) would differ in kidney cell DNA damage response (alkaline comet assay) to isoflurane, sevoflurane, or halothane anaesthesia and exposure to 1 Gy or 2 Gy of ionising radiation. We took kidney cortex samples after 0, 2, 6, and 24 h of exposure and measured comet parameters: tail length and tail intensity. To quantify the efficiency of the cells to repair and re-join DNA strand breaks, we also calculated cellular DNA repair index. Exposure to either VA alone increased DNA damage, which was similar between sevoflurane and isoflurane, and the highest with halothane. In combined exposure (VA and irradiation with 1 Gy) DNA damage remained at similar levels for all time points or was even lower than damage caused by radiation alone. Halothane again demonstrated the highest damage. In combined exposure with irradiation of 2 Gy sevoflurane significantly elevated tail intensity over the first three time points, which decreased and was even lower on hour 24 than in samples exposed to the corresponding radiation dose alone. This study confirmed that volatile anaesthetics are capable of damaging DNA, while combined VA and 1 Gy or 2 Gy treatment did not have a synergistic damaging effect on DNA. Further studies on the mechanisms of action are needed to determine the extent of damage in kidney cells after longer periods of observation and how efficiently the cells can recover from exposure to single and multiple doses of volatile anaesthetics and radiotherapy.
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Wickramasinghe JS, Udagama PV, Dissanayaka VHW, Weerasooriya AD, Goonasekera HWW. Plant based radioprotectors as an adjunct to radiotherapy: advantages and limitations. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2022; 42:021001. [PMID: 35130534 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac5295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Radioprotectors are agents that have the potential to act against radiation damage to cells. These are equally invaluable in radiation protection, both in intentional and unintentional radiation exposure. It is however, complex to use a universal radioprotector that could be beneficial in diverse contexts such as in radiotherapy, nuclear accidents, and space travel, as each of these circumstances have unique requirements. In a clinical setting such as in radiotherapy, a radioprotector is used to increase the efficacy of cancer treatment. The protective agent must act against radiation damage selectively in normal healthy cells while enhancing the radiation damage imparted on cancer cells. In the context of radiotherapy, plant-based compounds offer a more reliable solution over synthetic ones as the former are less expensive, less toxic, possess synergistic phytochemical activity, and are environmentally friendly. Phytochemicals with both radioprotective and anticancer properties may enhance the treatment efficacy by two-fold. Hence, plant based radioprotective agents offer a promising field to progress forward, and to expand the boundaries of radiation protection. This review is an account on radioprotective properties of phytochemicals and complications encountered in the development of the ideal radioprotector to be used as an adjunct in radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jivendra S Wickramasinghe
- Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Preethi V Udagama
- Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Vajira H W Dissanayaka
- Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Aruna D Weerasooriya
- Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, United States of America
| | - Hemali W W Goonasekera
- Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Benković V, Borojević N, Šikić D, Horvat Knežević A, Milić M. DNA damage assessment in peripheral blood of Swiss albino mice after combined exposure to volatile anesthetics and 1 or 2 Gy radiotherapy in vivo. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:1425-1435. [PMID: 34328801 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1962565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patient immobilization by general volatile anesthesia (VA) may be necessary during medical radiology treatment, and its use has increased in recent years. Although ionizing radiation (IR) is a well-known genotoxic and cytotoxic agent, and VA exposure has caused a range of side effects among patients and occupationally exposed personnel, there are no studies to date comparing DNA damage effects from combined VA and single fractional IR dose exposure. MATERIAL AND METHODS We investigate whether there is a difference in white blood cells DNA damage response (by the alkaline comet assay) in vivo in 185 healthy Swiss albino mice divided into 37 groups, anesthetized with isoflurane/sevoflurane/halothane and exposed to 1 or 2 Gy of IR. Blood samples were taken after 0, 2, 6 and 24 h after exposure, and comet parameters were measured: tail length, tail intensity and tail moment. The cellular DNA repair index was calculated to quantify the efficiency of cells in repairing and re-joining DNA strand breaks following different treatments. RESULTS In combined exposures, halothane caused higher DNA damage levels that were dose-dependent; sevoflurane damage increase did not differ significantly from the initial 1 Gy dose, and isoflurane even demonstrated a protective effect, particularly in the 2 Gy dose combined exposure. Nevertheless, none of the exposures reached control levels even after 24 h. CONCLUSION Halothane appears to increase the level of radiation-induced DNA damage, while sevoflurane and isoflurane exhibited a protective effect. DNA damage may have been even greater in target organs such as liver, kidney or even the brain, and this is proposed for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Benković
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Borojević
- Warrington and Halton Teaching Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Lovely Ln, Warrington, UK
| | - Dunja Šikić
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Mirta Milić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
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Proshkina E, Shaposhnikov M, Moskalev A. Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4484. [PMID: 32599754 PMCID: PMC7350017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout life, organisms are exposed to various exogenous and endogenous factors that cause DNA damages and somatic mutations provoking genomic instability. At a young age, compensatory mechanisms of genome protection are activated to prevent phenotypic and functional changes. However, the increasing stress and age-related deterioration in the functioning of these mechanisms result in damage accumulation, overcoming the functional threshold. This leads to aging and the development of age-related diseases. There are several ways to counteract these changes: 1) prevention of DNA damage through stimulation of antioxidant and detoxification systems, as well as transition metal chelation; 2) regulation of DNA methylation, chromatin structure, non-coding RNA activity and prevention of nuclear architecture alterations; 3) improving DNA damage response and repair; 4) selective removal of damaged non-functional and senescent cells. In the article, we have reviewed data about the effects of various trace elements, vitamins, polyphenols, terpenes, and other phytochemicals, as well as a number of synthetic pharmacological substances in these ways. Most of the compounds demonstrate the geroprotective potential and increase the lifespan in model organisms. However, their genome-protecting effects are non-selective and often are conditioned by hormesis. Consequently, the development of selective drugs targeting genome protection is an advanced direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Proshkina
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most efficient ways to treat cancer. However, deleterious effects, such as acute and chronic toxicities that reduce the quality of life, may result. Naturally occurring compounds have been shown to be non-toxic over wide dose ranges and are inexpensive and effective. Additionally, pharmacological strategies have been developed that use radioprotectors to inhibit radiation-induced toxicities. Currently available radioprotectors have several limitations, including toxicity. In this review, we present the mechanisms of proven radioprotectors, ranging from free radical scavenging (the best-known mechanism of radioprotection) to molecular-based radioprotection (e.g., upregulating expression of heat shock proteins). Finally, we discuss naturally occurring compounds with radioprotective properties in the context of these mechanisms.
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Xie J, Wang C, Zhao F, Gu Z, Zhao Y. Application of Multifunctional Nanomaterials in Radioprotection of Healthy Tissues. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800421. [PMID: 30019546 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy has been extensively used in clinic for malignant tumors treatment. However, a severe challenge of it is that the ionizing radiation needed to kill tumors inevitably causes damage to surrounding normal tissues. Although some of the molecular radioprotective drugs, such as amifostine, have been used as clinical adjuvants to radio-protect healthy tissues, their shortcomings such as short systemic circulation time and fast biological clearing from the body largely hinder the sustained bioactivity. Recently, with the rapid development of nanotechnology in the biological field, the multifunctional nanomaterials not only establish powerful drug delivery systems to improve the molecular radioprotective drugs' biological availability, but also open a new route to develop neozoic radioprotective agents because some nanoparticles possess intrinsic radioprotective abilities. Therefore, considering these overwhelming superiorities, this review systematically summarizes the advances in healthy tissue radioprotection applications of multifunctional nanomaterials. Furthermore, this review also points out a perspective of nanomaterial designs for radioprotection applications and discusses the challenges and future outlooks of the nanomaterial-mediated radioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chengyan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Feng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
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Appraisal of mechanisms of radioprotection and therapeutic approaches of radiation countermeasures. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:610-617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Liu Z, Ren B, Wang Y, Zou C, Qiao Q, Diao Z, Mi Y, Zhu D, Liu X. Sesamol Induces Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Apoptosis by Impairing Mitochondrial Function and Suppressing Autophagy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45728. [PMID: 28374807 PMCID: PMC5379556 DOI: 10.1038/srep45728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesamol, a nutritional phenolic antioxidant compound enriched in sesame seeds, has been shown to have potential anticancer activities. This study aims at characterizing the antitumor efficacy of sesamol and unveiling the importance of mitochondria in sesamol-induced effects using a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HepG2 cells. Results of this study showed that sesamol treatment suppressed colony formation, elicited S phase arrest during cell cycle progression, and induced both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathway in vitro with a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, sesamol treatment elicited mitochondrial dysfunction by inducing a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Impaired mitochondria and accumulated H2O2 production resulted in disturbance of redox-sensitive signaling including Akt and MAPKs pathways. Mitochondrial biogenesis was inhibited as suggested by the decline in expression of mitochondrial complex I subunit ND1, and the upstream AMPK/PGC1α signals. Importantly, sesamol inhibited mitophagy and autophagy through impeding the PI3K Class III/Belin-1 pathway. Autophagy stimulator rapamycin reversed sesamol-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial respiration disorders. Moreover, it was also shown that sesamol has potent anti-hepatoma activity in a xenograft nude mice model. These data suggest that mitochondria play an essential role in sesamol-induced HepG2 cells death, and further research targeting mitochondria will provide more chemotherapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bo Ren
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yihui Wang
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Chen Zou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qinglian Qiao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhijun Diao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yashi Mi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Di Zhu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Khan S, Choudhary S, Kumar A, Tripathi AM, Alok A, Adhikari JS, Rizvi MA, Chaudhury NK. Evaluation of sesamol-induced histopathological, biochemical, haematological and genomic alteration after acute oral toxicity in female C57BL/6 mice. Toxicol Rep 2016; 3:880-894. [PMID: 28959616 PMCID: PMC5615841 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate organ-wise toxicological effects of sesamol and determine the LD50 cut-off value and GHS category following acute oral toxicity method OECD 423. An acute oral toxicity study was carried out in female C57BL/6 mice. Observations for physical behaviour and measurements on haematology, biochemistry, histology of vital organs were performed. In addition, genotoxicity assessment using comet and micronuclei assays was also performed. Acute toxicological effects were observed at 2000 mg/kg, while no adverse effects observed at 300 mg/kg. The effects of 2000 mg/kg were manifested as severe histopathological changes in all organs (femur, spleen, gastrointestine, lungs, heart, kidney, liver, stomach and brain) and excessive DNA strands breaks occurred in femoral bone marrow cells and splenocytes. A single dose of sesamol (2000 mg/kg, body weight) caused the death of two mice (out of three) within 2 h. Hence, sesamol is in GHS category 4 (>300–2000) with LD50 cut-off value of 500 mg/kg body weight. In contrast, this study is correlated with the obtained GHS category 4 and LD50 cut-off value 580 mg/kg body weight by ProTox. In conclusions, the present study has classified sesamol toxicity and assessed organ-wise acute oral toxicity of sesamol in female C57BL/6 mice. Therefore, these findings may be useful for the selection of dosages for further pre-clinical evaluation and potential drug developmental of sesamol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahanshah Khan
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.,Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia-A Central University, Moulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar Marg, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sandeep Choudhary
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Akanchha Mani Tripathi
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Amit Alok
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Jawahar Singh Adhikari
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Moshahid Alam Rizvi
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia-A Central University, Moulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar Marg, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Nabo Kumar Chaudhury
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
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Khan S, Kumar A, Adhikari JS, Rizvi MA, Chaudhury NK. Protective effect of sesamol against60Co γ-ray-induced hematopoietic and gastrointestinal injury in C57BL/6 male mice. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:1344-61. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1071485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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13
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Kumar A, Selvan TG, Tripathi AM, Choudhary S, Khan S, Adhikari JS, Chaudhury NK. Sesamol attenuates genotoxicity in bone marrow cells of whole-body γ-irradiated mice. Mutagenesis 2015; 30:651-61. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gev026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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14
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Poljšak B, Fink R. The protective role of antioxidants in the defence against ROS/RNS-mediated environmental pollution. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:671539. [PMID: 25140198 PMCID: PMC4129148 DOI: 10.1155/2014/671539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can result from exposure to environmental pollutants, such as ionising and nonionising radiation, ultraviolet radiation, elevated concentrations of ozone, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, cigarette smoke, asbestos, particulate matter, pesticides, dioxins and furans, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and many other compounds present in the environment. It appears that increased oxidative/nitrosative stress is often neglected mechanism by which environmental pollutants affect human health. Oxidation of and oxidative damage to cellular components and biomolecules have been suggested to be involved in the aetiology of several chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, and aging. Several studies have demonstrated that the human body can alleviate oxidative stress using exogenous antioxidants. However, not all dietary antioxidant supplements display protective effects, for example, β-carotene for lung cancer prevention in smokers or tocopherols for photooxidative stress. In this review, we explore the increases in oxidative stress caused by exposure to environmental pollutants and the protective effects of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borut Poljšak
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Fink
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Radioprotective effects of gallic acid in mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:953079. [PMID: 24069607 PMCID: PMC3771270 DOI: 10.1155/2013/953079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Radioprotecting ability of the natural polyphenol, gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, GA), was investigated in Swiss albino mice. Oral administration of GA (100 mg/kg body weight), one hour prior to whole body gamma radiation exposure (2–8 Gy; 6 animals/group), reduced the radiation-induced cellular DNA damage in mouse peripheral blood leukocytes, bone marrow cells, and spleenocytes as revealed by comet assay. The GA administration also prevented the radiation-induced decrease in the levels of the antioxidant enzyme, glutathione peroxidise (GPx), and nonprotein thiol glutathione (GSH) and inhibited the peroxidation of membrane lipids in these animals. Exposure of mice to whole body gamma radiation also caused the formation of micronuclei in blood reticulocytes and chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells, and the administration of GA resulted in the inhibition of micronucleus formation and chromosomal aberrations. In irradiated animals, administration of GA elicited an enhancement in the rate of DNA repair process and a significant increase in endogenous spleen colony formation. The administration of GA also prevented the radiation-induced weight loss and mortality in animals (10 animals/group) exposed to lethal dose (10 Gy) of gamma radiation. (For every experiment unirradiated animals without GA administration were taken as normal control; specific dose (Gy) irradiated animals without GA administration serve as radiation control; and unirradiated GA treated animals were taken as drug alone control).
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Ramachandran L, Nair CKK. Prevention of γ-radiation induced cellular genotoxicity by tempol: protection of hematopoietic system. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:253-262. [PMID: 22609778 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tempol (TPL) under in vitro conditions reduced the extent of gamma radiation induced membrane lipid peroxidation and disappearance of covalently closed circular form of plasmid pBR322. TPL protected cellular DNA from radiation-induced damage in various tissues under ex vivo and in vivo conditions as evidenced by comet assay. TPL also prevented radiation induced micronuclei formation (in peripheral blood leucocytes) and chromosomal aberrations (in bone marrow cells) in whole body irradiated mice. TPL enhanced the rate of repair of cellular DNA (blood leucocytes and bone marrow cells) damage when administered immediately after radiation exposure as revealed from the increased Cellular DNA Repair Index (CRI). The studies thus provided compelling evidence to reveal the effectiveness of TPL to protect hematopoietic system from radiation injury.
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Li YH, Chien SP, Chu PY, Liu MY. Prophylactic and Therapeutic Effects of a Subcutaneous Injection of Sesame Oil Against Iron-Induced Acute Renal Injury in Mice. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2011; 36:344-8. [DOI: 10.1177/0148607111415530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Li
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Se-Ping Chien
- Institute of Living Sciences, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yie Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
- Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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