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Nelson BJB, Andersson JD, Wuest F, Spreckelmeyer S. Good practices for 68Ga radiopharmaceutical production. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2022; 7:27. [PMID: 36271969 PMCID: PMC9588110 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-022-00180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The radiometal gallium-68 (68Ga) is increasingly used in diagnostic positron emission tomography (PET), with 68Ga-labeled radiopharmaceuticals developed as potential higher-resolution imaging alternatives to traditional 99mTc agents. In precision medicine, PET applications of 68Ga are widespread, with 68Ga radiolabeled to a variety of radiotracers that evaluate perfusion and organ function, and target specific biomarkers found on tumor lesions such as prostate-specific membrane antigen, somatostatin, fibroblast activation protein, bombesin, and melanocortin. Main body These 68Ga radiopharmaceuticals include agents such as [68Ga]Ga-macroaggregated albumin for myocardial perfusion evaluation, [68Ga]Ga-PLED for assessing renal function, [68Ga]Ga-t-butyl-HBED for assessing liver function, and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA for tumor imaging. The short half-life, favourable nuclear decay properties, ease of radiolabeling, and convenient availability through germanium-68 (68Ge) generators and cyclotron production routes strongly positions 68Ga for continued growth in clinical deployment. This progress motivates the development of a set of common guidelines and standards for the 68Ga radiopharmaceutical community, and recommendations for centers interested in establishing 68Ga radiopharmaceutical production. Conclusion This review outlines important aspects of 68Ga radiopharmacy, including 68Ga production routes using a 68Ge/68Ga generator or medical cyclotron, standardized 68Ga radiolabeling methods, quality control procedures for clinical 68Ga radiopharmaceuticals, and suggested best practices for centers with established or upcoming 68Ga radiopharmaceutical production. Finally, an outlook on 68Ga radiopharmaceuticals is presented to highlight potential challenges and opportunities facing the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce J B Nelson
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Jan D Andersson
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada.,Edmonton Radiopharmaceutical Center, Alberta Health Services, 11560 University Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Frank Wuest
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Sarah Spreckelmeyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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2
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More S, Marakalala MJ, Sathekge M. Tuberculosis: Role of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging With Potential Impact of Neutrophil-Specific Tracers. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:758636. [PMID: 34957144 PMCID: PMC8703031 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.758636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
With Tuberculosis (TB) affecting millions of people worldwide, novel imaging modalities and tools, particularly nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, have grown with greater interest to assess the biology of the tuberculous granuloma and evolution thereof. Much early work has been performed at the pre-clinical level using gamma single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) agents exploiting certain characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb). Both antituberculous SPECT and positron emission tomography (PET) agents have been utilised to characterise MTb. Other PET tracers have been utilised to help to characterise the biology of MTb (including Gallium-68-labelled radiopharmaceuticals). Of all the tracers, 2-[18F]FDG has been studied extensively over the last two decades in many aspects of the treatment paradigm of TB: at diagnosis, staging, response assessment, restaging, and in potentially predicting the outcome of patients with latent TB infection. Its lower specificity in being able to distinguish different inflammatory cell types in the granuloma has garnered interest in reviewing more specific agents that can portend prognostic implications in the management of MTb. With the neutrophil being a cell type that portends this poorer prognosis, imaging this cell type may be able to answer more accurately questions relating to the tuberculous granuloma transmissivity and may help in characterising patients who may be at risk of developing active TB. The formyl peptide receptor 1(FPR1) expressed by neutrophils is a key marker in this process and is a potential target to characterise these areas. The pre-clinical work regarding the role of radiolabelled N-cinnamoyl –F-(D) L – F – (D) –L F (cFLFLF) (which is an antagonist for FPR1) using Technetium 99m-labelled conjugates and more recently radiolabelled with Gallium-68 and Copper 64 is discussed. It is the hope that further work with this tracer may accelerate its potential to be utilised in responding to many of the current diagnostic dilemmas and challenges in TB management, thereby making the tracer a translatable option in routine clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart More
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Stuart More
| | - Mohlopheni J. Marakalala
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael Sathekge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
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3
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Chastel A, Vimont D, Claverol S, Zerna M, Bodin S, Berndt M, Chaignepain S, Hindié E, Morgat C. 68Ga-Radiolabeling and Pharmacological Characterization of a Kit-Based Formulation of the Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor (GRP-R) Antagonist RM2 for Convenient Preparation of [ 68Ga]Ga-RM2. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081160. [PMID: 34452121 PMCID: PMC8398231 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: [68Ga]Ga-RM2 is a potent Gastrin-Releasing Peptide-receptor (GRP-R) antagonist for imaging prostate cancer and breast cancer, currently under clinical evaluation in several specialized centers around the world. Targeted radionuclide therapy of GRP-R-expressing tumors is also being investigated. We here report the characteristics of a kit-based formulation of RM2 that should ease the development of GRP-R imaging and make it available to more institutions and patients. Methods: Stability of the investigated kits over one year was determined using LC/MS/MS and UV-HPLC. Direct 68Ga-radiolabeling was optimized with respect to buffer (pH), temperature, reaction time and shaking time. Conventionally prepared [68Ga]Ga-RM2 using an automated synthesizer was used as a comparator. Finally, the [68Ga]Ga-RM2 product was assessed with regards to hydrophilicity, affinity, internalization, membrane bound fraction, calcium mobilization assay and efflux, which is a valuable addition to the in vivo literature. Results: The kit-based formulation, kept between 2 °C and 8 °C, was stable for over one year. Using acetate buffer pH 3.0 in 2.5–5.1 mL total volume, heating at 100 °C during 10 min and cooling down for 5 min, the [68Ga]Ga-RM2 produced by kit complies with the requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia. Compared with the module production route, the [68Ga]Ga-RM2 produced by kit was faster, displayed higher yields, higher volumetric activity and was devoid of ethanol. In in vitro evaluations, the [68Ga]Ga-RM2 displayed sub-nanomolar affinity (Kd = 0.25 ± 0.19 nM), receptor specific and time dependent membrane-bound fraction of 42.0 ± 5.1% at 60 min and GRP-R mediated internalization of 24.4 ± 4.3% at 30 min. The [natGa]Ga-RM2 was ineffective in stimulating intracellular calcium mobilization. Finally, the efflux of the internalized activity was 64.3 ± 6.5% at 5 min. Conclusion: The kit-based formulation of RM2 is suitable to disseminate GRP-R imaging and therapy to distant hospitals without complex radiochemistry equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Chastel
- INCIA, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, EPHE, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (A.C.); (D.V.); (S.B.); (E.H.)
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Delphine Vimont
- INCIA, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, EPHE, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (A.C.); (D.V.); (S.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Stephane Claverol
- Proteome Platform, University Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (S.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Marion Zerna
- Life Molecular Imaging (Formely Piramal Imaging) GmbH, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Sacha Bodin
- INCIA, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, EPHE, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (A.C.); (D.V.); (S.B.); (E.H.)
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathias Berndt
- Life Molecular Imaging (Formely Piramal Imaging) GmbH, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Stéphane Chaignepain
- Proteome Platform, University Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (S.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Elif Hindié
- INCIA, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, EPHE, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (A.C.); (D.V.); (S.B.); (E.H.)
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Clément Morgat
- INCIA, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, EPHE, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (A.C.); (D.V.); (S.B.); (E.H.)
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Correspondence:
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4
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Satpati D. Recent Breakthrough in 68Ga-Radiopharmaceuticals Cold Kits for Convenient PET Radiopharmacy. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:430-447. [PMID: 33630583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
68Ga-PET has emerged as an important diagnostic tool for precise detection and monitoring of oncological situations. Availability, cost, and radiosynthesis procedure are determining steps for success of a radioisotope/radiopharmaceutical in nuclear medicine. Availability of 68Ga from a 68Ge/68Ga generator containing a long-lived parent radioisotope (68Ge: t1/2 = 271 days) and an inexpensive, simplified production of 68Ga-radiopharmaceuticals through kit methodology has allowed smooth accommodation of 68Ga-PET in clinics. The uncomplicated formulation of 68Ga-radiopharmaceuticals from a lyophilized, cold kit is an impending breakthrough in clinical PET. The huge success of 68Ga in neuroendocrine tumor and prostate cancer imaging along with the regulatory approval of respective cold kits has opened a pathway for development of kits for other evolving radiotracers. There is a definite scope for increased participation of commercial manufacturers and distributors of cold kits to spread the potential of 68Ga worldwide across all the geographical locations and satellite centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drishty Satpati
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400094, India
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Polvoy I, Flavell RR, Rosenberg OS, Ohliger MA, Wilson DM. Nuclear Imaging of Bacterial Infection: The State of the Art and Future Directions. J Nucl Med 2020; 61:1708-1716. [PMID: 32764120 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.244939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased mortality rates from infectious diseases is a growing public health concern. Successful management of acute bacterial infections requires early diagnosis and treatment, which are not always easy to achieve. Structural imaging techniques such as CT and MRI are often applied to this problem. However, these methods generally rely on secondary inflammatory changes and are frequently not specific to infection. The use of nuclear medicine techniques can add crucial complementary information, allowing visualization of infectious pathophysiology beyond morphologic imaging. This review will discuss the current structural and functional imaging techniques used for the diagnosis of bacterial infection and their roles in different clinical scenarios. We will also present several new radiotracers in development, with an emphasis on probes targeting bacteria-specific metabolism. As highlighted by the current coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, similar thinking may apply in imaging viral pathogens; for this case, prominent effects on host proteins, most notably angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, might also provide worthwhile imaging targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Polvoy
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert R Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Oren S Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Michael A Ohliger
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Radiology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California
| | - David M Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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6
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Ferro-Flores G, Ocampo-García B, Luna-Gutiérrez M, Santos-Cuevas C, Jiménez-Mancilla N, Azorín-Vega E, Meléndez-Alafort L. Radiolabeled Protein-inhibitor Peptides with Rapid Clinical Translation towards Imaging and Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2019; 27:7032-7047. [PMID: 31870259 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666191223121211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein interactions are the basis for the biological functioning of human beings. However, many of these interactions are also responsible for diseases, including cancer. Synthetic inhibitors of protein interactions based on small molecules are widely investigated in medicinal chemistry. The development of radiolabeled protein-inhibitor peptides for molecular imaging and targeted therapy with quickstep towards clinical translation is an interesting and active research field in the radiopharmaceutical sciences. In this article, recent achievements concerning the design, translational research and theranostic applications of structurally-modified small radiopeptides, such as prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) inhibitors, fibroblast activation protein (FAP) inhibitors and antagonists of chemokine-4 receptor ligands (CXCR-4-L), with high affinity for cancer-associated target proteins, are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermina Ferro-Flores
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac, Mexico
| | - Blanca Ocampo-García
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac, Mexico
| | - Myrna Luna-Gutiérrez
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac, Mexico
| | - Clara Santos-Cuevas
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac, Mexico
| | | | - Erika Azorín-Vega
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac, Mexico
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7
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Shi S, Yao L, Li L, Wu Z, Zha Z, Kung HF, Zhu L, Fang DC. Synthesis of novel technetium-99m tricarbonyl-HBED-CC complexes and structural prediction in solution by density functional theory calculation. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:191247. [PMID: 31827858 PMCID: PMC6894603 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
HBED-CC (N,N'-bis[2-hydroxy-5-(carboxyethyl)benzyl]ethylene diamine-N,N'-diacetic acid, L1 ) is a common bifunctional chelating agent in preparation of 68Ga-radiopharmaceuticals. Due to its high stability constant for the Ga3+ complex (logKGaL = 38.5) and its acyclic structure, it is well known for a rapid and efficient radiolabelling at ambient temperature with Gallium-68 and its high in vivo stability. [99mTc][Tc(CO)3(H2O)3]+ is an excellent precursor for radiolabelling of biomolecules. The aim of this study was to develop a novel preparation method of 99mTc-HBED-CC complexes. In this study, HBED-CC-NI (2,2'-(ethane-1,2-diylbis((2-hydroxy-5-(3-((2-(2-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl)amino)-3-oxopropyl)benzyl)-azanediyl))-diacetic acid, L2 ), a derivative of HBED-CC, was designed and synthesized. Both L1 and L2 were radiolabelled by [99mTc][Tc(CO)3(H2O)3]+ successfully for the first time. In order to explore the coordination mode of metal and chelates, non-radioactive Re(CO)3 L1 and Re(CO)3 L2 were synthesized and characterized spectroscopically. Tc(CO)3 L1 and Tc(CO)3 L2 in solution were calculated by density functional theory and were analysed with radio-HPLC chromatograms. It showed that [99mTc]Tc(CO)3 L2 forms two stable diastereomers in solution, which is similar to those of [68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC complexes. Natural bond orbital analysis through the natural population charges revealed a charge transfer between [99mTc][Tc(CO)3]+ and L1 or L2 . The experimental results showed that tricarbonyl technetium might form stable complex with HBED-CC derivatives, which is useful for the future application of using HBED-CC as a bifunctional chelating agent in developing new 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals as diagnostic imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Shi
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Yao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehui Wu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Zha
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hank F. Kung
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lin Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Cai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
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8
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Satpati D, Vats K, Sharma R, Kameswaran M, Sarma HD, Dash A. Synthesis, radiolabeling, and evaluation of gastrin releasing peptide receptor antagonist 68 Ga-HBED-CC-RM26. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:843-849. [PMID: 31378967 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The acyclic chelator HBED-CC has attained huge clinical significance owing to high thermodynamic and kinetic stability of 68 Ga-HBED-CC chelate. It provides an excellent platform for quick preparation of 68 Ga-based radiotracers in high yield. Thus, the present study aimed at conjugation of gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPr) antagonist, RM26, with HBED-CC chelator for 68 Ga-labeling. In vitro and vivo behavior of the peptide tracer, 68 Ga-HBED-CC-PEG2 -RM26, was assessed and compared with 68 Ga-NODAGA-PEG2 -RM26. The peptide tracers, 68 Ga-HBED-CC-PEG2 -RM26 and 68 Ga-NODAGA-PEG2 -RM26, prepared either by wet chemistry or formulated using freeze-dried kits exhibited excellent radiochemical yield and in vitro stability. The two peptide tracers cleared rapidly from the blood. Biodistribution studies in normal mice demonstrated slightly higher or comparable uptake of 68 Ga-HBED-CC-PEG2 -RM26 in GRPr-expressing organs pancreas, stomach, and intestine. The preliminary studies suggest high potential of 68 Ga-HBED-CC-PEG2 -RM26 for further investigation as a GRPr imaging agent and the wide scope of HBED-CC chelator in development of 68 Ga-based peptide tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drishty Satpati
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Kusum Vats
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Mythili Kameswaran
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Haladhar Dev Sarma
- Radiation Biology and Health Science Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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9
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Biagiotti G, Pisaneschi F, Gammon ST, Machetti F, Ligi MC, Giambastiani G, Tuci G, Powell E, Piwnica-Worms H, Pranzini E, Paoli P, Cicchi S, Piwnica-Worms D. Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Combination Therapy: a Biodistribution and Efficacy Pilot Study. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:2678-2687. [PMID: 31073405 PMCID: PMC6501563 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb03299h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A drug delivery system (DDS) for combined therapy, based on a short oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotube, is reported. It was prepared exploiting a synthetic approach which allowed loading of two drugs, doxorubicin and metformin, the targeting agent biotin and a radiolabeling tag, to enable labeling with Ga-68 or Cu-64 in order to perform an extensive biodistribution study by PET/CT. The DDS biodistribution profile changes with different administration methods. Once administered at therapeutic doses, the DDS showed a marginal beneficial effect on 4T1 tumor bearing mice, a syngeneic and orthotopic model of triple negative breast cancer, with survival extended by 1 week and 2 days in 20% of the mice. This is encouraging given the aggressiveness of the 4T1 tumor. Furthermore our DDS was well tolerated, ruling out concerns regarding the toxicity of carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Biagiotti
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, 77054 Houston, TX, USA
| | - Federica Pisaneschi
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, 77054 Houston, TX, USA
| | - Seth T. Gammon
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, 77054 Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fabrizio Machetti
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Ligi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giuliano Giambastiani
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Giulia Tuci
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Emily Powell
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1901 East Road, 77054 Houston, TX USA
| | - Helen Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1901 East Road, 77054 Houston, TX USA
| | - Erica Pranzini
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Science “Mario Serio”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Science “Mario Serio”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Stefano Cicchi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - David Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, 77054 Houston, TX, USA
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10
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Synthesis of novel gallium-68 labeled rhodamine: A potential PET myocardial perfusion agent. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 144:29-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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11
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Preliminary PET/CT Imaging with Somatostatin Analogs [ 68Ga]DOTAGA-TATE and [ 68Ga]DOTAGA-TOC. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 19:878-884. [PMID: 28349291 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Somatostatin receptor positron emission tomography/X-ray computed tomography (SSTR-PET/CT) is a well-established technique for staging and detection of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Ga-68-labeled DOTA-conjugated octreotide analogs are the privileged radiotracers for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of NETs. Hence, we were interested in assessing the influence of promising, newer variant DOTAGA on the hydrophilicity, pharmacokinetics, and lesion pick-up of somatostatin analogs. Herein, the potential of ([68Ga]DOTAGA, Tyr3, Thr8) octreotide ([68Ga]DOTAGA-TATE) and ([68Ga]DOTAGA, Tyr3) octreotide ([68Ga]DOTAGA-TOC) as NET imaging agents has been investigated. PROCEDURES Amenability of [68Ga]DOTAGA-(TATE/TOC) to kit-type formulation has been demonstrated. Biodistribution studies were carried out in normal rats at 1 h post-injection (p.i.). [68Ga]DOTAGA-(TATE/TOC) PET/CT scans were carried out in patients (70-170 MBq, 1 h p.i.) with histologically confirmed well-differentiated NETs. RESULTS [68Ga]DOTAGA-TATE exhibited hydrophilicity similar to [68Ga]DOTA-TATE (log P = -3.51 vs -3.69) whereas [68Ga]DOTAGA-TOC was more hydrophilic than [68Ga]DOTA-TOC (log P = -3.27 vs -2.93). [68Ga]DOTAGA-TATE and [68Ga]DOTA-TATE showed almost identical blood and kidney uptake in normal rats whereas significantly fast clearance (p < 0.05) of [68Ga]DOTAGA-TATE was observed from other non-specific organs (liver, lungs, spleen, intestine). [68Ga]DOTAGA-TOC also demonstrated rapid clearance from blood and kidneys (p < 0.05) in comparison to [68Ga]DOTA-TOC. The metastatic lesions in NET patients were well identified by [68Ga]DOTAGA-TATE and [68Ga]DOTAGA-TOC. CONCLUSION The phenomenal analogy was observed between [68Ga]DOTAGA-TATE and [68Ga]DOTA-TATE as well as between [68Ga]DOTAGA-TOC and [68Ga]DOTA-TOC in biodistribution studies in rats. The good lesion detection ability of the two radiotracers indicates their potential as NET imaging radiotracers.
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Satpati D, Sharma R, Sarma HD, Dash A. Comparative evaluation of 68 Ga-labeled NODAGA, DOTAGA, and HBED-CC-conjugated cNGR peptide chelates as tumor-targeted molecular imaging probes. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 91:781-788. [PMID: 29130625 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The biological behavior of 68 Ga-based radiopharmaceuticals can be significantly affected by the chelators' attributes (size, charge, lipophilicity). Thus, this study aimed at examining the influence of three different chelators, DOTAGA, NODAGA, and HBED-CC on the distribution pattern of 68 Ga-labeled NGR peptides targeting CD13 receptors. 68 Ga-DOTAGA-c(NGR), 68 Ga-NODAGA-c(NGR), and 68 Ga-HBED-CC-c(NGR) were observed to be hydrophilic with respective log p values being -3.5 ± 0.2, -3.3 ± 0.08, and -2.8 ± 0.14. The three radiotracers exhibited nearly similar uptake in human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 tumor cells with 86%, 63%, and 33% reduction during blocking studies with unlabeled cNGR peptide for 68 Ga-DOTAGA-c(NGR), 68 Ga-NODAGA-c(NGR), and 68 Ga-HBED-CC-c(NGR), respectively, indicating higher receptor specificity of the first two radiotracers. The neutral radiotracer 68 Ga-NODAGA-c(NGR) demonstrated better target-to-non-target ratios during in vivo studies compared to its negatively charged counterparts, 68 Ga-DOTAGA-c(NGR) and 68 Ga-HBED-CC-c(NGR). The three radiotracers had similar HT-1080 tumor uptake and being hydrophilic exhibited renal excretion with minimal uptake in non-target organs. Significant reduction (p < .005) in HT-1080 tumor uptake of the radiotracers was observed during blocking studies. It may be inferred from these studies that the three radiotracers are promising probes for in vivo imaging of CD13 receptor expressing cancer sites; however, 68 Ga-NODAGA-c(NGR) is a better candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drishty Satpati
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Haladhar Dev Sarma
- Radiation Biology and Health Science Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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Abstract
Diagnosis of deep-seated bacterial infection is difficult, as neither standard anatomical imaging nor radiolabeled, autologous leukocytes distinguish sterile inflammation from infection. Two recent imaging efforts are receiving attention: (1) radioactive derivatives of sorbitol show good specificity with Gram-negative bacterial infections, and (2) success in combining anatomical and functional imaging for cancer diagnosis has rekindled interest in 99mTc-fluoroquinolone-based imaging. With the latter, computed tomography (CT) would be combined with single-photon-emission-computed tomography (SPECT) to detect 99mTc-fluoroquinolone-bacterial interactions. The present minireview provides a framework for advancing fluoroquinolone-based imaging by identifying gaps in our understanding of the process. One issue is the reliance of 99mTc labeling on the reduction of sodium pertechnetate, which can lead to colloid formation and loss of specificity. Specificity problems may be reduced by altering the quinolone structure (for example, switching from ciprofloxacin to sitafloxacin). Another issue is the uncharacterized nature of 99mTc-ciprofloxacin binding to, or sequestration in, bacteria: specific interactions with DNA gyrase, an intracellular fluoroquinolone target, are unlikely. Labeling with 68Ga rather than 99mTc enables detection by positron emission tomography, but with similar biological uncertainties. Replacing the C6-F of the fluoroquinolone with 18F provides an alternative to pertechnetate and gallium that may lead to imaging based on drug interactions with gyrase. Gyrase-based imaging requires knowledge of fluoroquinolone action, which we update. We conclude that quinolone-based probes show promise for the diagnosis of infection, but improvements in specificity and sensitivity are needed. These improvements include the optimization of the quinolone structure; such chemistry efforts can be accelerated by refining microbiological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ali Raza Naqvi
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan
| | - Karl Drlica
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Science, Newark NJ USA
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Science, Newark, NJ USA
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Filp U, Pekošak A, Poot AJ, Windhorst AD. Stereocontrolled [11
C]Alkylation of N-Terminal Glycine Schiff Bases To Obtain Dipeptides. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Filp
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; VU University Medical Center; De Boelelaan 1085c 1081HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandra Pekošak
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; VU University Medical Center; De Boelelaan 1085c 1081HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Alex J. Poot
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; VU University Medical Center; De Boelelaan 1085c 1081HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Albert D. Windhorst
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; VU University Medical Center; De Boelelaan 1085c 1081HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
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15
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Schmidtke A, Läppchen T, Weinmann C, Bier-Schorr L, Keller M, Kiefer Y, Holland JP, Bartholomä MD. Gallium Complexation, Stability, and Bioconjugation of 1,4,7-Triazacyclononane Derived Chelators with Azaheterocyclic Arms. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:9097-9110. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schmidtke
- Department of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical Center − University of Freiburg, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tilman Läppchen
- Department of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical Center − University of Freiburg, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear
Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Weinmann
- Department of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical Center − University of Freiburg, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Bier-Schorr
- Department of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical Center − University of Freiburg, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Keller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Freiburg, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Kiefer
- Department of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical Center − University of Freiburg, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jason P. Holland
- Department of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical Center − University of Freiburg, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mark D. Bartholomä
- Department of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical Center − University of Freiburg, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
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Kertész I, Vida A, Nagy G, Emri M, Farkas A, Kis A, Angyal J, Dénes N, Szabó JP, Kovács T, Bai P, Trencsényi G. In Vivo Imaging of Experimental Melanoma Tumors using the Novel Radiotracer 68Ga-NODAGA-Procainamide (PCA). J Cancer 2017; 8:774-785. [PMID: 28382139 PMCID: PMC5381165 DOI: 10.7150/jca.17550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The most aggressive form of skin cancer is the malignant melanoma. Because of its high metastatic potential the early detection of primary melanoma tumors and metastases using non-invasive PET imaging determines the outcome of the disease. Previous studies have already shown that benzamide derivatives, such as procainamide (PCA) specifically bind to melanin pigment. The aim of this study was to synthesize and investigate the melanin specificity of the novel 68Ga-labeled NODAGA-PCA molecule in vitro and in vivo using PET techniques. Methods: Procainamide (PCA) was conjugated with NODAGA chelator and was labeled with Ga-68 (68Ga-NODAGA-PCA). The melanin specificity of 68Ga-NODAGA-PCA was tested in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo using melanotic B16-F10 and amelanotic Melur melanoma cell lines. By subcutaneous and intravenous injection of melanoma cells tumor-bearing mice were prepared, on which biodistribution studies and small animal PET/CT scans were performed for 68Ga-NODAGA-PCA and 18FDG tracers. Results: 68Ga-NODAGA-PCA was produced with high specific activity (14.9±3.9 GBq/µmol) and with excellent radiochemical purity (98%<), at all cases. In vitro experiments showed that 68Ga-NODAGA-PCA uptake of B16-F10 cells was significantly (p≤0.01) higher than Melur cells. Ex vivo biodistribution and in vivo PET/CT studies using subcutaneous and metastatic tumor models showed significantly (p≤0.01) higher 68Ga-NODAGA-PCA uptake in B16-F10 primary tumors and lung metastases in comparison with amelanotic Melur tumors. In experiments where 18FDG and 68Ga-NODAGA-PCA uptake of B16-F10 tumors was compared, we found that the tumor-to-muscle (T/M) and tumor-to-lung (T/L) ratios were significantly (p≤0.05 and p≤0.01) higher using 68Ga-NODAGA-PCA than the 18FDG accumulation. Conclusion: Our novel radiotracer 68Ga-NODAGA-PCA showed specific binding to the melanin producing experimental melanoma tumors. Therefore, 68Ga-NODAGA-PCA is a suitable diagnostic radiotracer for the detection of melanoma tumors and metastases in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Kertész
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - András Vida
- Department of Medical Chemisty, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary;; MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Miklós Emri
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Antal Farkas
- Department of Urology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Kis
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Angyal
- Department of Periodontology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Noémi Dénes
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit P Szabó
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tünde Kovács
- Department of Medical Chemisty, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary;; MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemisty, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary;; MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary;; Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Trencsényi
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary;; Scanomed LTD, Debrecen, Hungary
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Satpati D, Sharma R, Kumar C, Sarma HD, Dash A. 68Ga-Chelation and comparative evaluation of N, N'-bis-[2-hydroxy-5-(carboxyethyl)benzyl]ethylenediamine- N, N'-diacetic acid (HBED-CC) conjugated NGR and RGD peptides as tumor targeted molecular imaging probes. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:673-679. [PMID: 30108785 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00006e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Peptides containing RGD and NGR motifs display high affinity towards tumor vasculature molecular markers, integrin αvβ3 and CD13 receptors, respectively. In the present study, RGD and NGR peptides were conjugated with the novel acyclic chelator N,N'-bis-[2-hydroxy-5-(carboxyethyl)benzyl]ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (HBED-CC) for radiolabeling with 68Ga. The radiotracers [68Ga-HBED-CC-c(NGR)] and [68Ga-HBED-CC-c(RGD)] were quite hydrophilic with respective log P values being -2.8 ± 0.14 and -2.1 ± 0.17. 68Ga-HBED-CC-c(RGD) displayed a significantly higher (p < 0.05) uptake in murine melanoma B16F10 tumors as compared to 68Ga-HBED-CC-c(NGR) indicating its higher specificity towards integrin αvβ3-positive tumors. The two radiotracers showed similar uptake in CD13-positive human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 tumor xenografts (∼1.5 ± 0.2% ID g-1). The tumor uptake of the two radiotracers was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in both animal models during blocking studies. The tumor-to-blood ratio was observed to be ∼2-2.5 for the two radiotracers, whereas the tumor-to-muscle ratio was significantly higher (p < 0.005) for 68Ga-HBED-CC-c(RGD) in the two animal models. The two radiotracers 68Ga-HBED-CC-c(NGR) and 68Ga-HBED-CC-c(RGD) exhibited renal excretion with rapid clearance from blood and other non-target organs. Thus, 68Ga-chelated HBED-CC conjugated NGR and RGD peptides expressed features conducive towards development as tumor targeted molecular imaging probes. This study further opens avenues for the successful conjugation of different peptides with the acyclic chelator HBED-CC and expansion of 68Ga-based radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drishty Satpati
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai , India . ; ; Tel: +91 22 25590748
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai , India . ; ; Tel: +91 22 25590748
| | - Chandan Kumar
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai , India . ; ; Tel: +91 22 25590748
| | - Haladhar Dev Sarma
- Radiation Biology and Health Science Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai , India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai , India . ; ; Tel: +91 22 25590748
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18
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Satpati D, Shinto A, Kamaleshwaran KK, Sane S, Banerjee S. Convenient Preparation of [68Ga]DKFZ-PSMA-11 Using a Robust Single-Vial Kit and Demonstration of Its Clinical Efficacy. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 18:420-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-016-0943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Wu Z, Zha Z, Choi SR, Plössl K, Zhu L, Kung HF. New (68)Ga-PhenA bisphosphonates as potential bone imaging agents. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:360-71. [PMID: 27260777 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the bone using [(68)Ga]bisphosphonates may be a valuable tool for cancer diagnosis and monitoring therapeutic treatment. We have developed new [(68)Ga]bisphosphonates based on the chelating group, AAZTA (6-[bis(hydroxycarbonyl-methyl)amino]-1,4-bis(hydroxycarbonyl methyl)-6-methylperhydro-1,4-diazepine). METHOD Phenoxy derivative of AAZTA (2,2'-(6-(bis(carboxymethyl)amino)-6-((4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenoxy)methyl)-1,4-diazepane-1,4-diyl)diacetic acid), PhenA, 2, containing a bisphosphonate group (PhenA-BPAMD, 3, and PhenA-HBP, 4) was prepared. Labeling of these chelating agents with (68)Ga was evaluated. RESULTS The ligands reacted rapidly in a sodium acetate buffer with [(68)Ga]GaCl3 eluted from a commercially available (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator (pH4, >95% labeling at room temperature in 5min) to form [(68)Ga]PhenA-BPAMD, 3, and [(68)Ga]PhenA-HBP, 4. The improved labeling condition negates the need for further purification. The (68)Ga bisphosphonate biodistribution and autoradiography of bone sections in normal mice after an iv injection showed excellent bone uptake. CONCLUSION New (68)Ga labeled bisphosphonates may be useful as in vivo bone imaging agents in conjunction with positron emission tomography (PET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Wu
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhihao Zha
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Seok Rye Choi
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karl Plössl
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lin Zhu
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hank F Kung
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Pellico J, Ruiz-Cabello J, Saiz-Alía M, Del Rosario G, Caja S, Montoya M, Fernández de Manuel L, Morales MP, Gutiérrez L, Galiana B, Enríquez JA, Herranz F. Fast synthesis and bioconjugation of (68) Ga core-doped extremely small iron oxide nanoparticles for PET/MR imaging. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2016; 11:203-10. [PMID: 26748837 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Combination of complementary imaging techniques, like hybrid PET/MRI, allows protocols to be developed that exploit the best features of both. In order to get the best of these combinations the use of dual probes is highly desirable. On this sense the combination of biocompatible iron oxide nanoparticles and 68Ga isotope is a powerful development for the new generation of hybrid systems and multimodality approaches. Our objective was the synthesis and application of a chelator-free 68Ga-iron oxide nanotracer with improved stability, radiolabeling yield and in vivo performance in dual PET/MRI. We carried out the core doping of iron oxide nanoparticles, without the use of any chelator, by a microwave-driven protocol. The synthesis allowed the production of extremely small (2.5 nm) 68Ga core-doped iron oxide nanoparticles. The microwave approach allowed an extremely fast synthesis with a 90% radiolabeling yield and T1 contrast in MRI. With the same microwave approach the nano-radiotracer was functionalized in a fast and efficient way. We finally evaluated these dual targeting nanoparticles in an angiogenesis murine model by PET/MR imaging. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pellico
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), C/ Melchor Fernández-Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Complutense de Madrid and CIBERES, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ruiz-Cabello
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), C/ Melchor Fernández-Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Complutense de Madrid and CIBERES, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Saiz-Alía
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), C/ Melchor Fernández-Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gilberto Del Rosario
- Technological Support Center (CAT), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Sergio Caja
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), C/ Melchor Fernández-Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Montoya
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), C/ Melchor Fernández-Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Fernández de Manuel
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), C/ Melchor Fernández-Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Puerto Morales
- Departamento de Biomateriales y Materiales Bioinspirados, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Biomateriales y Materiales Bioinspirados, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Galiana
- Physics Department, Universidad Carlos III, Av de la Universidad 40, 28911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Enríquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), C/ Melchor Fernández-Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Herranz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), C/ Melchor Fernández-Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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Morgat C, Varshney R, Vimont D, Savona-Baron C, Riès C, Chanseau C, Bertrand SS, Mishra AK, Hindié E, Fernandez P, Schulz J. A new class of radiopeptides for PET imaging of neuromedin-B receptor: 68Ga-ranatensin analogs. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00131a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The neuromedin B receptor NMB-R is frequently over-expressed in tumors of the lung, pancreas, colon, carcinoids (bronchial, intestinal) and also pruritus. We have developed a new class of radiopeptide for NMB-R targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Morgat
- CHU de Bordeaux
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire
- F-33076 Bordeaux
- France
- Univ Bordeaux
| | - R. Varshney
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- New Delhi
- India 110052
| | - D. Vimont
- Univ Bordeaux
- INCIA
- UMR CNRS 5287
- F-33400 Talence
- France
| | | | - C. Riès
- Univ Bordeaux
- INCIA
- UMR CNRS 5287
- F-33400 Talence
- France
| | - C. Chanseau
- Institut de Bioimagerie
- UMS 3428
- F-33400 Talence
- France
| | | | - A. K. Mishra
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- New Delhi
- India 110052
| | - E. Hindié
- CHU de Bordeaux
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire
- F-33076 Bordeaux
- France
- Univ Bordeaux
| | - P. Fernandez
- CHU de Bordeaux
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire
- F-33076 Bordeaux
- France
- Univ Bordeaux
| | - J. Schulz
- Univ Bordeaux
- INCIA
- UMR CNRS 5287
- F-33400 Talence
- France
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Satpati D, Arjun C, Krishnamohan R, Samuel G, Banerjee S. (68) Ga-labeled Ciprofloxacin Conjugates as Radiotracers for Targeting Bacterial Infection. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 87:680-6. [PMID: 26647765 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With an aim of developing a bacteria-specific molecular imaging agent, ciprofloxacin has been modified with a propylamine spacer and linked to two common bifunctional chelators, p-SCN-Bz-DOTA and p-SCN-Bz-NOTA. The two ciprofloxacin conjugates, CP-PA-SCN-Bz-DOTA (1) and CP-PA-SCN-Bz-NOTA (2), were radiolabeled with (68)Ga in >90% radiochemical yield and were moderately stable in vitro for 4 h. The efficacy of (68)Ga-1 and (68)Ga-2 has been investigated in vitro in Staphylococcus aureus cells where bacterial binding of the radiotracers (0.9-1.0% for (68)Ga-1 and 1.6-2.3% for (68)Ga-2) could not be blocked in the presence of excess amount of unlabeled ciprofloxacin. However, uptake of radiotracers in live bacterial cells was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than that in non-viable bacterial cells. Bacterial infection targeting efficacy of (68)Ga-1 and (68)Ga-2 was tested in vivo in rats where the infected muscle-to-inflamed muscle ((68)Ga-1: 2 ± 0.2, (68)Ga-2: 3 ± 0.5) and infected muscle-to-normal muscle ratios ((68)Ga-1: 3 ± 0.4, (68)Ga-2: 6.6 ± 0.8) were found to improve at 120 min p.i. Fast blood clearance and renal excretion was observed for both the radiotracers. The two (68)Ga-labeled infection targeting radiotracers could discriminate between bacterial infection and inflammation in vivo and are worthy of further detailed investigation as infection imaging agents at the clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drishty Satpati
- Radiopharmaceuticals Chemistry Section, Radiochemistry and Isotope Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, India
| | - Chanda Arjun
- Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology, Navi Mumbai, India
| | | | - Grace Samuel
- Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sharmila Banerjee
- Radiopharmaceuticals Chemistry Section, Radiochemistry and Isotope Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, India
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Wu Y, Briley K, Tao X. Nanoparticle-based imaging of inflammatory bowel disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 8:300-15. [PMID: 26371464 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Wu
- Department of Radiology; Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine; Shanghai China
- Department of Radiology; Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Karen Briley
- Department of Radiology, Wright Center of Innovation and Biomedical Imaging; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - Xiaofeng Tao
- Department of Radiology; Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine; Shanghai China
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Abstract
Quantitative imaging with PET requires accurate measurements of the amount of radioactivity injected into the patient and the concentration of radioactivity in a given region. Recently, new positron emitters, such as (124)I, (89)Zr, (82)Rb, (68)Ga, and (64)Cu, have emerged to promote PET development, but standards are still largely lacking. Therefore, we propose to validate a simple, robust, and replicable methodology, not requiring the use of any standards, to accurately calibrate a dose-calibrator for any β(+)-emitter. On the basis of (18)F cross-calibration, routinely performed with fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) in nuclear medicine departments, a methodology was developed using β(+)-emitting' phantoms to cross-calibrate the dose-calibrator for measuring the activity of positron emitters and quantifying the standardized uptake value (SUV). Ga phantoms filled with activities measured with various dose-calibrator settings were imaged to establish calibration curves (SUV values as a function of the dose-calibrator settings) and to identify the setting value, yielding an SUV value of 1.00 g/ml, reflecting an accurate measurement of (68)Ga activity. Activities measured with the identified setting were finally checked with a γ-counter. The setting of 772±1 was identified as ensuring that the studied dose-calibrator is correctly calibrated for (68)Ga to ensure an SUV value of 1.00±0.01 g/ml. γ-Ray spectrometry confirmed the accurate measurement of Ga activities by the dose-calibrator (relative error of 2.9±1.5%). We have developed a phantom-based method to accurately standardize dose-calibrators for any β(+)-emitter, without any standards.
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Morgat C, Mishra AK, Varshney R, Allard M, Fernandez P, Hindié E. Targeting neuropeptide receptors for cancer imaging and therapy: perspectives with bombesin, neurotensin, and neuropeptide-Y receptors. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1650-7. [PMID: 25189338 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.142000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptors for some regulatory peptides are highly expressed in tumors. Selective radiolabeled peptides can bind with high affinity and specificity to these receptors and exhibit favorable pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic properties, making them suitable agents for imaging or targeted therapy. The success encountered with radiolabeled somatostatin analogs is probably the first of a long list, as multiple peptide receptors are now recognized as potential targets. This review focuses on 3 neuropeptide receptor systems (bombesin, neurotensin, and neuropeptide-Y) that offer high potential in the field of nuclear oncology. The underlying biology of these peptide/receptor systems, their physiologic and pathologic roles, and their differential distribution in normal and tumoral tissues are described with emphasis on breast, prostate, and lung cancers. Radiolabeled analogs that selectively target these receptors are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Morgat
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Bordeaux, France University of Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287, Talence, France CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, Talence, France
| | - Anil Kumar Mishra
- University of Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287, Talence, France CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, Talence, France Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, New Delhi, India; and
| | - Raunak Varshney
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, New Delhi, India; and
| | - Michèle Allard
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Bordeaux, France University of Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287, Talence, France EPHE, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Fernandez
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Bordeaux, France University of Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287, Talence, France CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, Talence, France
| | - Elif Hindié
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Bordeaux, France University of Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287, Talence, France CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, Talence, France
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Sudbrock F, Fischer T, Zimmermanns B, Guliyev M, Dietlein M, Drzezga A, Schomäcker K. Characterization of SnO2-based (68)Ge/ (68)Ga generators and (68)Ga-DOTATATE preparations: radionuclide purity, radiochemical yield and long-term constancy. EJNMMI Res 2014; 4:36. [PMID: 26055937 PMCID: PMC4884004 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-014-0036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the increasing utilization of 68Ge-68Ga radionuclide generators, 68Ga labelled peptides like DOTATATE are receiving more attention in nuclear medicine. On the one hand, the long half-life of the parent nuclide 68Ge is an enormous advantage for routine applications, but the question of the long-term stability of the 68Ge breakthrough arises, which up to now has scarcely been investigated. Method A sum of 123 eluates from four different 68Ge-68Ga generators (iThemba Labs, Faure, South Africa) and 115 samples of the prepared radiopharmaceutical 68Ga-DOTATATE were measured first with a dose calibrator and again after decay of the eluted 68Ga via gamma-ray spectrometry. A complete decay curve was recorded for one sample eluate. A further three eluates were eluted in ten fractions of 0.5 ml in order to obtain detailed information concerning the distribution of the two nuclides within the eluates. The influences of factors such as the amount of DOTATATE, addition of Fe3+ salts and replacement of HEPES buffer with sodium acetate on the radiochemical synthesis were also tested. Results The content of long-lived 68Ge breakthrough increases over the entire period of use to more than 100 ppm. The labelling process with the chelator DOTA removes 68Ge efficiently. The maximum activity found in the residues of the radiopharmaceuticals investigated in this study was below 10 Bq in nearly all cases. In many cases (12% of the labelled substance), the long-lived parent nuclide could not be identified at all. The labelling process is still viable for reduced amounts of the chelator and with acetate buffer. Conclusion Effective doses received by the patient from 68Ge in the injected radiopharmaceutical 68Ga-DOTATATE are lower than 0.1 μSv and are therefore practically negligible, especially when compared with the contribution of the PET radiopharmaceutical itself. Gamma-ray spectrometry as recommended by the European Pharmacopeia is suitable for quantification of radionuclidic impurities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13550-014-0036-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Sudbrock
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str 62, Cologne, NRW 50937, Germany,
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Satpati D, Korde A, Sarma HD, Banerjee S. Radiosynthesis and biological evaluation of 68Ga-labeled colchicine conjugates. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2014; 29:251-6. [PMID: 24983126 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2014.1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colchicine, a plant-derived alkaloid, is a known substrate for P-glycoprotein (Pgp), which confers multidrug resistance (MDR) to cancer cells and tumors, through enhanced efflux of chemotherapeutic drugs. Hence, radiolabeled colchicine can be a suitable probe for imaging of activity of Pgp transport in vivo and early diagnosis of MDR. METHODS In the present study, colchicine was hydrolyzed to desacetylcolchiceine for conjugation with p-SCN-Bn-DOTA and p-SCN-Bn-NOTA. The resulting conjugates, DOTA-desacetylcolchiceine and NOTA-desacetylcolchiceine, were radiolabeled with 68Ga. The radiotracers 68Ga-DOTA-desacetylcolchiceine (68Ga-1) and 68Ga-NOTA-desacetylcolchiceine (68Ga-2) were evaluated in vitro (MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cell lines) and in vivo (biodistribution studies, Swiss mice bearing fibrosarcoma tumors). RESULTS The radiotracers prepared in >97% radiochemical yield showed good in vitro binding and significant inhibition with 100-fold cold colchicine (p<0.05). In vivo the tumor uptake reached maximum at 120 minutes postinjection (68Ga-1: 2.35%±0.39% injected dose per gram [ID/g]; 68Ga-2: 1.5%±0.31% ID/g). Of the two radiotracers 68Ga-2 cleared faster from blood (p<0.05) with lower uptake in nontargeted organs as compared with 68Ga-1. CONCLUSIONS The radiotracer 68Ga-2 has shown improved pharmacokinetic features over 68Ga-1 and the previously reported 99mTc(CO)3-colchicine radiotracer. The preliminary studies with 68Ga-2 indicate its potential for in vivo targeting of tumor. However, the efficacy of the radiotracer for imaging of multidrug-resistant states will be ascertained in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drishty Satpati
- 1 Isotope Applications & Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center , Mumbai, India
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Chakravarty R, Hong H, Cai W. Positron emission tomography image-guided drug delivery: current status and future perspectives. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3777-97. [PMID: 24865108 PMCID: PMC4218872 DOI: 10.1021/mp500173s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
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Positron
emission tomography (PET) is an important modality in
the field of molecular imaging, which is gradually impacting patient
care by providing safe, fast, and reliable techniques that help to
alter the course of patient care by revealing invasive, de facto procedures
to be unnecessary or rendering them obsolete. Also, PET provides a
key connection between the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology
of disease and the according targeted therapies. Recently, PET imaging
is also gaining ground in the field of drug delivery. Current drug
delivery research is focused on developing novel drug delivery systems
with emphasis on precise targeting, accurate dose delivery, and minimal
toxicity in order to achieve maximum therapeutic efficacy. At the
intersection between PET imaging and controlled drug delivery, interest
has grown in combining both these paradigms into clinically effective
formulations. PET image-guided drug delivery has great potential to
revolutionize patient care by in vivo assessment
of drug biodistribution and accumulation at the target site and real-time
monitoring of the therapeutic outcome. The expected end point of this
approach is to provide fundamental support for the optimization of
innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies that could contribute
to emerging concepts in the field of “personalized medicine”.
This review focuses on the recent developments in PET image-guided
drug delivery and discusses intriguing opportunities for future development.
The preclinical data reported to date are quite promising, and it
is evident that such strategies in cancer management hold promise
for clinically translatable advances that can positively impact the
overall diagnostic and therapeutic processes and result in enhanced
quality of life for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubel Chakravarty
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2275, United States
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Abstract
Over recent years, there has been a rapid expansion in our knowledge of the factors that regulate tumor growth; this has resulted in the identification of new therapeutic targets and improvements in the long-term survival of cancer patients. New noninvasive biomarkers of drug targets and pathway modulation in vivo are needed to guide therapy selection and detect drug resistance early so that alternative, more effective treatments can be offered. The translation of new therapeutics into the clinic is disappointingly slow, expensive, and subject to high rates of attrition often occurring at late stages (phase 3) of development. In an attempt to mitigate these delays and failures, there has been resurgence in the development of new molecular imaging probes for studies with positron emission tomography (PET) to characterize tumor biology. In the assessment of therapeutic effects, PET allows imaging of entire tumor burden in a noninvasive repeatable manner. This chapter focuses on the clinical translation of PET imaging agents from bench to bedside. New probes are being used to study a diverse range of processes such as angiogenesis, apoptosis, fatty acid metabolism, and growth factor receptor expression. In the future, validation of these novel imaging probes could allow more innovative therapies to be adapted earlier in the clinic leading to improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Kenny
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric O Aboagye
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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