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Mao M, Song S, Li X, Lu J, Li J, Zhao W, Liu H, Liu J, Zeng B. Advances in epigenetic modifications of autophagic process in pulmonary hypertension. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1206406. [PMID: 37398657 PMCID: PMC10313199 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1206406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by pulmonary arterial remodeling that results in increased pulmonary vascular resistance, right ventricular failure, and premature death. It is a threat to public health globally. Autophagy, as a highly conserved self-digestion process, plays crucial roles with autophagy-related (ATG) proteins in various diseases. The components of autophagy in the cytoplasm have been studied for decades and multiple studies have provided evidence of the importance of autophagic dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension. The status of autophagy plays a dynamic suppressive or promotive role in different contexts and stages of pulmonary hypertension development. Although the components of autophagy have been well studied, the molecular basis for the epigenetic regulation of autophagy is less understood and has drawn increasing attention in recent years. Epigenetic mechanisms include histone modifications, chromatin modifications, DNA methylation, RNA alternative splicing, and non-coding RNAs, which control gene activity and the development of an organism. In this review, we summarize the current research progress on epigenetic modifications in the autophagic process, which have the potential to be crucial and powerful therapeutic targets against the autophagic process in pulmonary hypertension development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Mao
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shasha Song
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayao Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Li
- Marketing Department, Shenzhen Reyson Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
- Nanjing Evertop Electronics Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Weifang Zhao
- Quality Management Department International Registration, North China Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (NCPC), Hebei Huamin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hanmin Liu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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Day CA, Hinchcliffe EH, Robinson JP. H3K27me3 in Diffuse Midline Glioma and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Opposing Epigenetic Changes Leading to the Same Poor Outcomes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213376. [PMID: 36359771 PMCID: PMC9655269 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone post-translational modifications modulate gene expression through epigenetic gene regulation. The core histone H3 family members, H3.1, H3.2, and H3.3, play a central role in epigenetics. H3 histones can acquire many post-translational modifications, including the trimethylation of H3K27 (H3K27me3), which represses transcription. Triple methylation of H3K27 is performed by the histone methyltransferase Enhancer of Zeste Homologue 2 (EZH2), a component of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2. Both global increases and decreases in H3K27me3 have been implicated in a wide range of cancer types. Here, we explore how opposing changes in H3K27me3 contribute to cancer by highlighting its role in two vastly different cancer types; (1) a form of glioma known as diffuse midline glioma H3K27-altered and (2) epithelial ovarian cancer. These two cancers vary widely in the age of onset, sex, associated mutations, and cell and organ type. However, both diffuse midline glioma and ovarian cancer have dysregulation of H3K27 methylation, triggering changes to the cancer cell transcriptome. In diffuse midline glioma, the loss of H3K27 methylation is a primary driving factor in tumorigenesis that promotes glial cell stemness and silences tumor suppressor genes. Conversely, hypermethylation of H3K27 occurs in late-stage epithelial ovarian cancer, which promotes tumor vascularization and tumor cell migration. By using each cancer type as a case study, this review emphasizes the importance of H3K27me3 in cancer while demonstrating that the mechanisms of histone H3 modification and subsequent gene expression changes are not a one-size-fits-all across cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. Day
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Edward H. Hinchcliffe
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - James P. Robinson
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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FBP1 knockdown decreases ovarian cancer formation and cisplatin resistance through EZH2-mediated H3K27me3. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231685. [PMID: 36000567 PMCID: PMC9469104 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20221002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, ovarian cancer (OC) is the seventh common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer death in women. Due to high rates of relapse, there is an urgent need for the identification of new targets for OC treatment. The far-upstream element binding protein 1 (FBP1) and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) are emerging proto-oncogenes that regulate cell proliferation and metastasis. In the present study, Oncomine data analysis demonstrated that FBP1 was closely associated with the development of OC, and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data analysis indicated that there was a positive correlation between FBP1 and EZH2 in ovarian tissues. Moreover, we found that FBP1 knockdown suppressed tumor formation in nude mice and cisplatin resistance of OC cells, but the role of FBP1 in the cisplatin resistance of OC cells remained unclear. In addition, we verified physical binding between FBP1 and EZH2 in OC cells, and we demonstrated that FBP1 knockdown enhanced cisplatin cytotoxicity in OC cells and down-regulated EZH2 expression and trimethylation of H3K27. These results suggested that FBP1 increases cisplatin resistance of OC cells by up-regulating EZH2/H3K27me3. Thus, FBP1 is a prospective novel target for the development of OC treatment.
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Ezh2 promotes TRβ lysine methylation-mediated degradation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Genes Genomics 2021; 44:369-377. [PMID: 34851506 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins controls various cellular functions of transcriptional regulators and participates in diverse signal transduction pathways in cancer. The thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine, T3) plays a critical role in metabolic homeostasis via its direct interaction with the thyroid hormone receptor beta (TRβ). TRβ is involved in physiological processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and maintenance of metabolic homeostasis through transcriptional regulation of target genes. OBJECTIVE This study was performed to characterize the specific PTM of TRβ is an active control mechanism for the proteasomal degradation of TRβ in transcriptional signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. METHODS Based on a previous study, we predicted that the lysine methyltransferase and methylation sites of TRβ by comparing the amino acid sequences of histone H3 and TRβ. Methyl-acceptor site of TRβ was confirmed by point mutation. TRβ protein stability was evaluated by ubiquitination assay with MG132. For glucose starvation, HepG2 cells were incubated in media without D-glucose. Proliferation-related proteins were detected by western blotting. MicroRNA level and autophagy marker were measured by real-time qPCR. RESULTS The presence of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2), a methyltransferase of H3 lysine 27, as a methyltransferase of TRβ also revealed that direct lysine methylation and consequent stimulated protein degradation of TRβ underlies the negative correlation between Ezh2 and TRβ. Notably, glucose starvation significantly increased lysine methylation, and methylated TRβ showed further protein instability leading to an increase in the proliferation and growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. CONCLUSIONS TRβ functions as a tumor suppressor in various cancers; therefore, we evaluated the effect of TRβ degradation on oncogenesis during glucose starvation. These data clearly define a functional model and provide a link between metabolism and cancer by regulating methyl-dependent protein levels of tumor suppressors. Taken together, maintaining TRβ against methyl-dependent degradation is considered a possible therapeutic target for cancer progression.
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Sun S, Yang Q, Cai E, Huang B, Ying F, Wen Y, Cai J, Yang P. EZH2/H3K27Me3 and phosphorylated EZH2 predict chemotherapy response and prognosis in ovarian cancer. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9052. [PMID: 32435534 PMCID: PMC7227641 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background EZH2 acts as an oncogene through canonical pathway EZH2/H3K27Me3 and uncanonical pathway pAkt1/pS21EZH2 in many solid tumors including ovarian cancer. However, the clinical value of EZH2/H3K27Me3 and pAkt1/pS21EZH2 remain unclear. In the current study, we aim to investigate the correlation between these two pathways to clinical-pathological parameters and prognosis. Methods EZH2, H3K27Me3, pAkt1 and pS21EZH2 expression were evaluated by tissue micro-array and immunohistochemistry in a cohort of ovarian cancer patients. The results were analyzed based on clinical characteristics and survival outcomes. Results EZH2, H3K27Me3, pAkt1 and pS21EZH2 were universally expressed in ovarian cancer specimens with a positive expression rate of 81.54% (53/65), 88.89% (48/54), 63.07% (41/65) and 75.38% (49/65). EZH2-pS21EZH2 (Spearman r = 0.580, P < 0.0001) and pS21EZH2-pAkt1 (Spearman r = 0.546, P < 0.0001) were closely correlated while EZH2- H3K27Me3 were less closely correlated (Spearman r = 0.307, P = 0.002). Low pS21EZH2 associated with better chemotherapy response (OR = 0.184; 95% CI [0.052–0.647], P = 0.008) according to logistic regression with an area under the curve of 0.789 (specificity 89.36%, sensitivity 68.42%) by ROC analysis and predicted improved progression-free survival (HR = 0.453; 95% CI [0.229–0.895], P = 0.023) as indicated by multivariate cox regression. A combination of EZH2low/H3K27Me3low status predicted better chemotherapy response (OR = 0.110; 95% CI [0.013–0.906], P = 0.040) and better progression-free survival (HR = 0.388; 95% CI [0.164–0.917], P = 0.031). The results suggested that EZH2/H3K27Me3 and pEZH2 predicted chemotherapy response and progression-free survival in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - E Cai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bangxing Huang
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feiquan Ying
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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Kang YM, Lan A, Huang YH, Hsu KM, Chao Y, Lan KL. Identification of key genes and pathways associated with topotecan treatment using multiple bioinformatics tools. J Chin Med Assoc 2020; 83:446-453. [PMID: 32243271 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of this study is to determine critical genes and pathways associated with topotecan using publicly accessible bioinformatics tools. METHODS Topotecan signatures were downloaded from the Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) database (http://www.ilincs.org/ilincs/). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were defined as genes that appeared at least three times with p values <0.05 and a fold change of ≥50% (|log2FC| ≥ 0.58). Hub genes were identified by evaluating the following parameters using a protein-protein interaction network: node degrees, betweenness, and eigenfactor scores. Hub genes and the top-40 DEGs by |log2FC| were used to generate a Venn diagram, and key genes were identified. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis was performed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. Information on ovarian cancer patients derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was analyzed, and the effect of topotecan on the protein expression was examined by Western blotting. RESULTS Eleven topotecan signatures were downloaded, and 65 upregulated and 87 downregulated DEGs were identified. Twenty-one hub genes were identified. We identified eight key genes as upregulated genes, including NFKBIA, IKBKB, GADD45A, CDKN1A, and HIST2H2BE, while EZH2, CDC20, and CDK7 were identified as downregulated genes, which play critical roles in the cell cycle and carcinogenesis in KEGG analysis. In the TCGA analysis, the CDKN1A+/EZH2- group had the longest median survival, while the CDKN1A-/EZH2+ group had the shortest median survival. Topotecan-treated murine ovarian (MOSEC), colorectal (CT26), and lung (LLC) cancer cell lines displayed upregulated CDKN1A encoding p21 and downregulated Ezh2. CONCLUSION Using publicly accessible bioinformatics tools, we evaluated key genes and pathways related to topotecan and examined the key genes using the TCGA database and in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mei Kang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Alexander Lan
- School of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kai-Mei Hsu
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yee Chao
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Keng-Li Lan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Wan Z, Jiang H, Li L, Zhu S, Hou J, Yu Y. Carcinogenic roles and therapeutic effects of EZH2 in gynecological cancers. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115379. [PMID: 32098708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) is highly expressed in kinds of malignant tumors and related to tumor occurrence, development, and prognosis. EZH2 is the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by epigenetic regulation of anti-tumor gene. It can activate numerous tumor-associated signaling pathways and interfere with DNA damage repair. In recent years, large amounts of studies have shown that EZH2 is closely related to gynecologic-related malignancies and can be used as a potential target gene for the treatment of gynecological-related malignancies. This review summarizes the oncogenic function of EZH2 and introduces the recent advances in the development of EZH2 inhibitors. On this basis, future research prospect of EZH2 is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Wan
- Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huabo Jiang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- Assisted Reproduction Technology Center, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhui Zhu
- Department of Food and Drug Engineering, Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jingjing Hou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Yongsheng Yu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Li R, Wei X, Jiang DS. Protein methylation functions as the posttranslational modification switch to regulate autophagy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3711-3722. [PMID: 31222372 PMCID: PMC11105718 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies over the past decades have elucidated the critical role of autophagy in human health and diseases. Although the processes of autophagy in the cytoplasm have been well studied, the posttranscriptional and epigenetic regulation mechanisms of autophagy are still poorly understood. Protein methylation, including histone methylation and non-histone protein methylation, is the most important type of posttranscriptional and epigenetic modification. Recent studies have shown that protein methylation is associated with effects on autophagosome formation, autophagy-related protein expression, and signaling pathway activation, but the details are still unclear. Thus, it is important to summarize the current status and discuss the future directions of research on protein methylation in the context of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiang Wei
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ding-Sheng Jiang
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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Curcumin induces apoptotic cell death and protective autophagy by inhibiting AKT/mTOR/p70S6K pathway in human ovarian cancer cells. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2019; 299:1627-1639. [PMID: 31006841 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-019-05058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Curcumin (Cur), a yellow-colored dietary flavor from the plant (Curcuma longa), has been demonstrated to potentially resist diverse diseases, including ovarian cancer, but drug resistance becomes a major limitation of its success clinically. The key molecule or mechanism associated with curcumin resistance in ovarian cancer still remains unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of curcumin on autophagy in ovarian cancer cells and elucidate the underlying mechanism. METHODS In our study, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), EdU proliferation assay and colony-forming assay were used to assess cell viability. Apoptosis was detected by western blot and flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis. Autophagy was defined by both electron microscopy and immunofluorescence staining markers such as microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3). Plasmid construction and shRNA transfection helped us to confirm the function of curcumin. RESULTS Curcumin reduced cell viability and induced apoptotic cell death by MTT assay in human ovarian cancer cell lines SK-OV-3 and A2780 significantly. Electron microscopy, western blot and immunofluorescence staining proved that curcumin could induce protective autophagy. Moreover, treatment with autophagy-specific inhibitors or stable knockdown of LC3B by shRNA could markedly enhance curcumin-induced apoptosis. Finally, the cells transiently transfected with AKT1 overexpression plasmid demonstrated that autophagy had a direct relationship with the AKT/mTOR/p70S6K pathway. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin can induce protective autophagy of human ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR/p70S6K pathway, indicating the synergistic effects of curcumin and autophagy inhibition as a possible strategy to overcome the limits of current therapies in the eradication of epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Abstract
Objective This review aimed to update the research and development of cellular senescence in the treatment of ovarian cancer. We discussed the current mechanisms of senescence and the major biomarkers of senescence, especially the methods of cellular senescence in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Materials and Methods We collected all relevant studies in PubMed from 1995 to 2017. The search terms included senescence and cancer, senescence and ovarian cancer, senescence-associated secretory phenotype, ovarian cancer and chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or biotherapy. PubMed search with the key words senescence and ovarian cancer lists approximately 85 publications. After excluding the duplicated articles, we selected 68 articles most relevant to senescence and ovarian cancer in this review. Results Cellular senescence plays a key role in various biological processes of ovarian cancer, which is closely related with the occurrence, development, and treatment of ovarian cancer. Cellular senescence on the one hand can reduce the dose of chemotherapy in ovarian cancer; on the other hand, it also can solve the problem of tumor resistance to apoptosis. Therefore, cellular senescence has been shown to be the third intracellular mechanism of ovarian cancer prevention followed by cellular DNA repair and apoptosis. Conclusions In the near future, cellular senescence therapy could be a powerful tool for ovarian cancer treatment.
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Jones BA, Varambally S, Arend RC. Histone Methyltransferase EZH2: A Therapeutic Target for Ovarian Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 17:591-602. [PMID: 29726819 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in females in the United States. There were an estimated 22,440 new cases and 14,080 deaths due to ovarian cancer in 2017. Most patients present with advanced-stage disease, revealing the urgent need for new therapeutic strategies targeting pathways of tumorigenesis and chemotherapy resistance. While multiple genomic changes contribute to the progression of this aggressive disease, it has become increasingly evident that epigenetic events play a pivotal role in ovarian cancer development. One of the well-studied epigenetic modifiers, the histone methyltransferase EZH2, is a member of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and is commonly involved in transcriptional repression. EZH2 is the enzymatic catalytic subunit of the PRC2 complex that can alter gene expression by trimethylating lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27). In ovarian cancer, EZH2 is commonly overexpressed and therefore potentially serves as an effective therapeutic target. Multiple small-molecule inhibitors are being developed to target EZH2, which are now in clinical trials. Thus, in this review, we highlight the progress made in EZH2-related research in ovarian cancer and discuss the potential utility of targeting EZH2 with available small-molecule inhibitors for ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(3); 591-602. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayley A Jones
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Rebecca C Arend
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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Gong S, Chen Y, Meng F, Zhang Y, Wu H, Li C, Zhang G. RCC2, a regulator of the RalA signaling pathway, is identified as a novel therapeutic target in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer. FASEB J 2019; 33:5350-5365. [PMID: 30768358 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801529rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Currently, cisplatin (DDP) is the first-line chemotherapeutic agent used for treatment of ovarian cancer, but gradually acquired drug resistance minimizes its therapeutic outcomes. We aimed to identify crucial genes associated with DDP resistance in ovarian cancer and uncover potential mechanisms. Two sets of gene expression data were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus, and bioinformatics analysis was conducted. In our study, the differentially expressed genes between DDP-sensitive and DDP-resistant ovarian cancer were screened in GSE15709 and GSE51373 database, and chromosome condensation 2 regulator (RCC2) and nucleoporin 160 were identified as 2 genes that significantly up-regulated in DDP-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines compared with DDP-sensitive cell lines. Moreover, RCC2, Ral small GTPase (RalA), and Ral binding protein-1 (RalBP1) expression was found to be significantly higher in DDP-resistant ovarian cancer tissues than in DDP-sensitive tissues. RCC2 plays a positive role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration in DDP-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, RCC2 could interact with RalA, thus promoting its downstream effector RalBP1. RalA knockdown could reverse the effects of RCC2 overexpression on DDP-resistant ovarian cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. Similarly, RalA overexpression could alleviate the effects of RCC2 knockdown in DDP-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Taken together, RCC2 may function as an oncogene, regulating the RalA signaling pathway, and intervention of RCC2 expression might be a promising therapeutic strategy for DDP-resistant ovarian cancer.-Gong, S., Chen, Y., Meng, F., Zhang, Y., Wu, H., Li, C., Zhang, G. RCC2, a regulator of the RalA signaling pathway, is identified as a novel therapeutic target in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongning Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanliang Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yadi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Chanyuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangping Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, People's Hospital of Huadu District, Guangzhou, China
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Abu N, Hon KW, Jeyaraman S, Jamal R. Long noncoding RNAs as biotargets in cisplatin-based drug resistance. Future Oncol 2018; 14:3085-3095. [PMID: 30468082 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery, cisplatin has become the key drug in chemotherapy for cancers. Nevertheless, chemoresistance in cancers has become an impediment in using cisplatin for cancer treatment. The resistance toward cisplatin is multifaceted as it involves multiple cellular pathways. Ever since the knowledge of long noncoding RNAs as modulators of various molecular pathways came to light, the interest in the biological function of lncRNAs as biomarkers has increased dramatically. Numerous studies have reported the link between the dysregulation of lncRNAs and drug resistance in cancers. More importantly, several lncRNAs were found to be vital in regulating cisplatin resistance. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent efforts in linking between cisplatin resistance and different types of lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiah Abu
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), UKM Medical Center, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kha Wai Hon
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), UKM Medical Center, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shivapriya Jeyaraman
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), UKM Medical Center, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), UKM Medical Center, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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14
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Integrated proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of cisplatin-sensitive and resistant bladder cancer cells reveal CDK2 network as a key therapeutic target. Cancer Lett 2018; 437:1-12. [PMID: 30145203 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is currently part of the standard of care for bladder cancer (BC). Unfortunately, some patients respond poorly to chemotherapy and have acquired or developed resistance. The molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance remain unclear. Here, we introduce a multidimensional proteomic analysis of a cisplatin-resistant BC model that provides different levels of protein information, including that of the global proteome and phosphoproteome. METHODS To characterize the global proteome and phosphoproteome in cisplatin-resistant BC cells, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry experiments combined with comprehensive bioinformatics analysis were performed. Perturbed expression and phosphorylation levels of key kinases associated with cisplatin resistance were further studied using various cell biology assays, including western blot analysis. RESULTS Analyses of protein expression and phosphorylation identified significantly altered proteins, which were also EGF-dependent and independent. This suggests that protein phosphorylation plays a significant role in cisplatin-resistant BC. Additional network analysis of significantly altered proteins revealed CDK2, CHEK1, and ERBB2 as central regulators mediating cisplatin resistance. In addition to this, we identified the CDK2 network, which consists of CDK2 and its 5 substrates, as being significantly associated with poor survival after cisplatin chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings potentially provide a novel way of classifying higher-risk patients and may guide future research in developing therapeutic targets.
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15
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miR-101-3p induces autophagy in endometrial carcinoma cells by targeting EZH2. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2018; 297:1539-1548. [PMID: 29691644 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-018-4768-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of miR-101-3p on autophagy in endometrial carcinoma (EC) cells and the connection between miR-101-3p and EZH2. METHODS The expression levels of miRNAs were analyzed by microarray. The expression level of autophagy related proteins was measured by western blot. The mRNA expression level of beclin-1 was determined by qRT-PCR. Autophagy in EC cells was traced by GFP-LC3 fusion protein and observed by fluorescence microscopy. The number of autophagic vacuoles was determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A luciferase reporter assay was utilized to assess the target relationship between miR-101-3p and EZH2. RESULTS The expression level of miR-101-3p in EC tissues was lower than in normal tissues. miR-101-3p upregulated the expression levels of the autophagy-related proteins LC3-II and beclin-1 in EC cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Overexpression of miR-101-3p and silencing of EZH2 both promoted autophagy in EC cells. Luciferase reporter assays verified that miR-101-3p inhibited EZH2 expression by binding to its 3'-UTR region. CONCLUSION miR-101-3p promoted autophagy in EC cells by downregulating the expression of EZH2, and it induced autophagy in EC cells by suppressing EZH2 expression. Inhibition of miR-101-3p could reduce its autophagy induction effect on EC cells.
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16
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Wang X, Bao Y, Dong Z, Chen Q, Guo H, Ziang C, Shao J. WP1130 attenuates cisplatin resistance by decreasing P53 expression in non-small cell lung carcinomas. Oncotarget 2018; 8:49033-49043. [PMID: 28446729 PMCID: PMC5564746 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy significantly improves the survival outcomes in non–small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs), but drug resistance commonly contributes to disease progression and relapse. Recently, accumulating evidence has indicated that deubiquitinases (DUBs) are involved in regulating tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and chemoresistance. We designed this study to investigate the role of WP1130, a DUB inhibitor, in regulating cisplatin cytotoxicity in NSCLCs. After being combined with WP1130, cisplatin sensitivity was significantly increased in A549 and HCC827 cells with decreased p53 expression, inhibiting their proliferation, but not in p53-deficient NCI-H1299 cells. The synergistic cytotoxicity of the cisplatin and WP1130 co-treatment was abolished in p53-knockdown cells. Western blotting verified the decreased p53 expression in A549 and HCC827 cells treated with cisplatin and WP1130. The administration of MG132, a proteasome inhibitor, or knockdown of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9, X-linked (USP9X) both eliminated the effect of WP1130 in decreasing p53 expression. Taken together, our findings confirm that the inclusion of WP1130 is potentially contributes to better therapeutic effects of cisplatin-based chemotherapy of NSCLCs in a manner dependent on the USP9X–p53 ubiquitination–mediated degradation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Bao
- Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Dong
- Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Guo
- Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Charlie Ziang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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17
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Fu X, Xu L, Qi L, Tian H, Yi D, Yu Y, Liu S, Li S, Xu Y, Wang C. BMH-21 inhibits viability and induces apoptosis by p53-dependent nucleolar stress responses in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:859-865. [PMID: 28656213 PMCID: PMC5561869 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleolus is a stress sensor associated with cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Studies have shown that nucleolar stress is positively correlated with apoptosis in breast, prostate and lung cancer cells. However, the role and function of nucleolar stress in ovarian cancer has not been reported. In this study, we found that the nucleolar stress inducer BMH-21 inhibited viability of SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, BMH-21 induced the expression of nucleolar stress marker proteins (nucleolin, nucleophosmin and fibrillarin) and promoted the nuclear export of these proteins. BMH-21 also decreased MDM2 proto-oncogene expression and increased protein levels of the tumor suppressor p53 and p53 phosphorylated at serine 15 (p‑p53‑Ser15), which contributed to increased expression of the downstream apoptosis-related protein BCL2 associated X (BAX) and activation of caspase-3. Taken together, these data provide the first reported evidence that induction of p53-dependent nucleolar stress by BMH-21 induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer. Our data suggest that nucleolar stress might be a pathway suitable for targeting in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxu Fu
- Tumor Targeted Therapy and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Lu Xu
- Tumor Targeted Therapy and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Ling Qi
- Tumor Targeted Therapy and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Tian
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Dan Yi
- Physical Examination Center, Jilin Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Tumor Targeted Therapy and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Shibing Liu
- Tumor Targeted Therapy and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Songyan Li
- Tumor Targeted Therapy and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Ye Xu
- Tumor Targeted Therapy and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Tumor Targeted Therapy and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
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18
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Sun Y, Jin L, Sui YX, Han LL, Liu JH. Circadian Gene CLOCK Affects Drug-Resistant Gene Expression and Cell Proliferation in Ovarian Cancer SKOV3/DDP Cell Lines Through Autophagy. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2017; 32:139-146. [PMID: 28514207 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2016.2153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Long Jin
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yu-xia Sui
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Li-li Han
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jia-hua Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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张 瑞, 许 建, 孙 珏, 梁 芳, 张 勇, 余 倩, 范 忠. 肠胃清方对人结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP裸鼠皮下移植瘤miR-30a/Beclin1通路的影响. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:1061-1070. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i12.1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
目的 本课题旨在分子生物学技术和中医基础理论指导下, 从miRNAs与自噬相关联的角度, 讨论miR-30a与自噬基因Beclin1在结肠癌化疗耐药中的相关性, 并探讨肠胃清对miR-30a介导自噬的调控作用及逆转结肠癌耐药的分子机制.
方法 建立人结肠癌耐奥沙利铂(L-OHP)细胞株HCT116/L-OHP裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型, 随机分为空白组、L-OHP组、肠胃清方组、肠胃清方低剂量+L-OHP组、肠胃清方高剂量+L-OHP组. 治疗结束后采用RT-PCR、免疫组织化学、Tunnel等研究肠胃清对瘤体组织中miR-30a、Beclin1、LC3的表达及细胞凋亡的影响.
结果 奥沙利铂组可见Beclin1、LC3的上调, miR-30a的下调, 细胞凋亡的减少. 而肠胃清联用奥沙利铂组可见Beclin1、LC3的下调, miR-30a的上调, 细胞凋亡的增加(P<0.05或P<0.01).
结论 奥沙利铂诱导保护性自噬导致细胞凋亡减少可能是其耐药的机制. 肠胃清可通过调控miR-30a/Beclin1通路而抑制自噬逆转结肠癌耐药.
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