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Ameri A, Ahmed HM, Pecho RDC, Arabnozari H, Sarabadani H, Esbati R, Mirabdali S, Yazdani O. Diverse activity of miR-150 in Tumor development: shedding light on the potential mechanisms. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:261. [PMID: 37924077 PMCID: PMC10625198 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest to understand the role and mechanism of action of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer. The miRNAs are defined as short non-coding RNAs (18-22nt) that regulate fundamental cellular processes through mRNA targeting in multicellular organisms. The miR-150 is one of the miRNAs that have a crucial role during tumor cell progression and metastasis. Based on accumulated evidence, miR-150 acts as a double-edged sword in malignant cells, leading to either tumor-suppressive or oncogenic function. An overview of miR-150 function and interactions with regulatory and signaling pathways helps to elucidate these inconsistent effects in metastatic cells. Aberrant levels of miR-150 are detectable in metastatic cells that are closely related to cancer cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. The ability of miR-150 in regulating of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, a critical stage in tumor cell migration and metastasis, has been highlighted. Depending on the cancer cells type and gene expression profile, levels of miR-150 and potential target genes in the fundamental cellular process can be different. Interaction between miR-150 and other non-coding RNAs, such as long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs, can have a profound effect on the behavior of metastatic cells. MiR-150 plays a significant role in cancer metastasis and may be a potential therapeutic target for preventing or treating metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ameri
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Hoda Sarabadani
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Information Technology & Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
| | - Romina Esbati
- Department of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedsaber Mirabdali
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Omid Yazdani
- Department of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Huang P, Zhang W, Ji J, Ma J, Cheng H, Qin M, Wei D, Ren L. LncRNA Miat knockdown protects against pirarubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by targeting miRNA-129-1-3p. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2751-2760. [PMID: 37471631 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Pirarubicin (THP) is a widely used antitumor drug in clinical practice, but its cardiotoxicity limits its use. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of knockdown of lncRNA Miat in THP-induced cardiotoxicity. The extent of damage to immortalized cardiomyocytes in mice was assessed by CCK8, TUNEL, ROS, Ca2+ , RT-qPCR, and Western blot. The relative levels of Miat in THP-treated cardiomyocytes (HL-1) were measured. The protective effect of Miat on THP-treated HL-1 was assessed. The binding relationship between lncRNA Miat and mmu-miRNA-129-1-3p was verified by a dual luciferase reporter gene assay. The protective role of Miat/miRNA-129-1-3p in THP-induced HL-1 was explored by performing a rescue assay. THP reduced cell viability, induced apoptosis, triggered oxidative stress and calcium overload. Expression of Miat in HL-1 was significantly elevated after THP treatment. Miat knockdown significantly alleviated the cardiotoxicity of THP. MiR-129-1-3p is a direct target of Miat. Knockdown of miR-129-1-3p reversed the protective effect of Miat knockdown on HL-1. Miat knockdown can alleviate THP-induced cardiomyocyte injury by regulating miR-129-1-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiahua Ji
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiulong Ma
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyuan Cheng
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Qin
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dexian Wei
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liqun Ren
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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3
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Rezaee A, Ahmadpour S, Jafari A, Aghili S, Zadeh SST, Rajabi A, Raisi A, Hamblin MR, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Derakhshan M. MicroRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs and gynecological cancers: focus on metastasis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1215194. [PMID: 37854681 PMCID: PMC10580988 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1215194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Gynecologic cancer is a significant cause of death in women worldwide, with cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and endometrial cancer being among the most well-known types. The initiation and progression of gynecologic cancers involve a variety of biological functions, including angiogenesis and metastasis-given that death mostly occurs from metastatic tumors that have invaded the surrounding tissues. Therefore, understanding the molecular pathways underlying gynecologic cancer metastasis is critical for enhancing patient survival and outcomes. Recent research has revealed the contribution of numerous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) to metastasis and invasion of gynecologic cancer by affecting specific cellular pathways. This review focuses on three types of gynecologic cancer (ovarian, endometrial, and cervical) and three kinds of ncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs, microRNAs, and circular RNAs). We summarize the detailed role of non-coding RNAs in the different pathways and molecular interactions involved in the invasion and metastasis of these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryan Rezaee
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ahmadpour
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ameneh Jafari
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarehnaz Aghili
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Rajabi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Arash Raisi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Derakhshan
- Shahid Beheshti Fertility Clinic, Department of Gynecology and Obsteterics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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4
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Yan C, Jin Y. Silencing of long noncoding RNA MIAT inhibits the viability and proliferation of breast cancer cells by promoting miR-378a-5p expression. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230676. [PMID: 37025425 PMCID: PMC10071813 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction–associated transcript (MIAT) is a long noncoding RNA that plays a critical role in a variety of diseases. Accordingly, this study probed into the possible interaction mechanism between MIAT and miR-378a-5p in breast cancer. Concretely, MIAT and miR-378a-5p expressions in breast cancer tissues and cells were measured. After transfection with siMIAT and miR-378a-5p inhibitor, the viability and proliferation of breast cancer cells were examined by cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays. The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins were detected. According to the results, MIAT was highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and cells. MIAT silencing could decrease Bcl-2 expression, viability, and proliferation of breast cancer cells and increase the expressions of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax. MIAT and miR-378a-5p could directly bind to each other, and MIAT silencing promoted the expression of miR-378a-5p. miR-378a-5p expression was low in breast cancer tissues. The miR-378a-5p inhibitor enhanced the viability and proliferation of breast cancer cells and partially reversed the effects of MIAT silencing on the breast cancer cells. In conclusion, MIAT silencing inhibits the viability and proliferation of breast cancer cells by promoting miR-378a-5p, indicating the potential of MIAT as a new target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yan
- Medical Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People’s Hospital of Huai’an, Huai’an 223003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Jin
- Medical Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People’s Hospital of Huai’an, No. 62, Huaihai South Road, Qingjiangpu District, Huai’an 223003, Jiangsu, China
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5
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Zhu P, Pei Y, Yu J, Ding W, Yang Y, Liu F, Liu L, Huang J, Yuan S, Wang Z, Gu F, Pan Z, Chen J, Qiu J, Liu H. High-throughput sequencing approach for the identification of lncRNA biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma and revealing the effect of ZFAS1/miR-150-5p on hepatocellular carcinoma progression. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14891. [PMID: 36855431 PMCID: PMC9968462 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims To screen abnormal lncRNAs and diagnostic biomarkers in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through high-throughput sequencing and explore the underlying mechanisms of abnormal lncRNAs in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods The transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze the RNA expression profile and identify differentially expressed RNAs. Hub lncRNAs were screened by combining (WGCNA, ceRNA regulatory network, PPI, GO and KEGG analyses, Kaplan-Meier curve analysis, Cox analysis, risk model construction and qPCR). Thereafter, the correlation between the expression of hub lncRNAs and tumor clinicopathological parameters was analyzed, and the hub lncRNAs were analyzed by GSEA. Finally, the effects of hub RNAs on the proliferation, migration and invasion of HepG2 cells were investigated in vitro. Results Compared with the control group, a total of 610 lncRNAs, 2,593 mRNAs and 26 miRNAs were screened in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Through miRNA target prediction and WGCNA, a ceRNA was constructed, comprising 324 nodes and 621 edges. Enrichment analysis showed that mRNAs in ceRNA were involved mainly in cancer development progression. Then, the ZFAS1/miR-150-5p interaction pair was screened out by Kaplan Meier curve analysis, Cox analysis and qPCR analysis. Its expression was related to tumor stage, TNM stage and patient age. ROC curve analysis showed that it has a good predictive value for the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. GSEA showed that ZFAS1 was also enriched in the regulation of immune response, cell differentiation and proliferation. Loss-of-function experiments revealed that ZFAS1 inhibition could remarkably suppress HepG2 cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assays revealed that ZFAS1 directly interacted with miR-150-5p. Rescue experiments showed that a miR-150-5p inhibitor reversed the cell proliferation, migration and invasion functions of ZFAS1 knockdown in vitro. Conclusion ZFAS1 is associated with the malignant status and prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and the ZFAS1/miR-150-5p axis is involved in hepatocellular carcinoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery (III), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongyan Pei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Ding
- Department of Hepatic Surgery (III), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery (III), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuchen Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery (III), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery (III), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery (III), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengxian Yuan
- Department of Hepatic Surgery (III), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongyan Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery (III), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangming Gu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery (III), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeya Pan
- Department of Hepatic Surgery (III), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinzhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinrong Qiu
- Department of Biotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Amirmahani F, Vallian S, Asadi MH. The LncRNA MIAT is identified as a regulator of stemness-associated transcript in glioma. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:517-530. [PMID: 36352177 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) with altered expression in different diseases and malignancies. In this study, the potential expression and function of lncRNA MIAT in intuition and progression of brain cancer was investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS At first, TCGA data analysis demonstrated that lncRNA MIAT is significantly upregulated in various malignancies, especially its expression is dramatically elevated in brain tumors. In line with the data, we further evaluated the expression of MIAT in a series of brain tumor tissue, and our results revealed that the expression of MIAT was noticeably overexpressed in glioblastoma (p = < 0.0001). We further found that the expression of MIAT was markedly upregulated in low-grade brain tumors rather than high-grade ones. To further investigate the biological function of MIAT in brain cancer cells, its expression was suppressed by si-RNA-mediated knocking down. Inhibition of MIAT resulted in reduced proliferation of brain tumor cells followed by cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, and significant induction of apoptosis, and senescence, but limited the migration ability and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT). Moreover, knocking-down of MIAT reduced the expression of stemness factors, followed by upregulation of their downstream miRNAs (micro RNAs), let-7a-5p, and miR-29b-3p. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our data demonstrated that lncRNA MIAT could control proliferation, migration, and metastasis of brain cancer cells via regulating the Nanog/ Sox2 / let-7a-5p / miR-29b-3p axis. This data could introduce lncRNA MIAT as a novel oncogene in brain cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzane Amirmahani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sadeq Vallian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Malek Hossein Asadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
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Kong F, Xie C, Zhao X, Zong X, Bu L, Zhang B, Tian H, Ma S. Resveratrol regulates PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy via the lncRNA ZFAS1-miR-150-5p-PINK1 axis, and enhances the antitumor activity of paclitaxel against non-small cell lung cancer. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:962-974. [PMID: 36569479 PMCID: PMC9773061 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common malignant subtype of lung cancer with high mortality. Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural molecule that regulates mitochondrial metabolism. Here, we explored the effect of RSV on NSCLC cell mitophagy and paclitaxel (PTX) resistance. LncRNA ZFAS1, miR-150-5p, and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) expressions in NSCLC cells were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Levels of PINK1, Parkin and autophagy related molecules LC3I and LC3II were assessed by western blot. Mitophagy was demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy. Luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-150-5p directly interacted with ZFAS1 or PINK1. MTT was performed to test the IC50 of NSCLC cells. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured with CCK-8, EdU, and TUNEL assays. A549/PTX cells exhibited a higher mitophagy activity, and chemoresistance, whereas RSV suppressed PTX resistance and mitophagy in NSCLC cells. Furthermore, ZFAS1 was found to be a downstream effector of RSV in NSCLC cells. We next found ZFAS1 directly interacted with miR-150-5p and regulated the expression of a key mitophagy regulator PINK1. In addition, RSV modulated PTX resistance and mitophagy in NSCLC via ZFAS1/miR-150-5p/PINK1 axis. We validate that RSV influences mitophagy and PTX resistance in NSCLC via ZFAS1/miR-150-5p mediated PINK1/Parkin pathway. Combining these 2 drugs may be a new option of NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhua Kong
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Liao Cheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, P. R. China
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Qi Lu Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, P. R. China
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Taian City Centeral Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian 271000, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Xie
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Taian City Centeral Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian 271000, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Taian City Centeral Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian 271000, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Zong
- The Affiliated Taian City Centeral Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian 271000, P. R. China
| | - Lingguo Bu
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Taian City Centeral Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian 271000, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Taian City Centeral Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian 271000, P. R. China
| | - Hui Tian
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Qi Lu Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, P. R. China
| | - Shengjun Ma
- Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Liao Cheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, P. R. China
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Li Z, Zhou X, Huang J, Xu Z, Xing C, Yang J, Zhou X. miR-150-5p inhibits nasopharyngeal cancer genesis by suppressing PYCR1. Am J Med Sci 2022:S0002-9629(22)00268-3. [PMID: 35718122 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a rare cancer type with a low five-year survival rate. Dysregulation of PYCR1 and miR-150-5p has been involved in the development of various cancers. However, the molecular mechanism of the miR-150-5p-PYCR1 axis in NPC remains unclear. METHODS The expressions of miR-150-5p and PYCR1 in NPC tissues and cells were measured by RT-qPCR. The luciferase assay and RNA pull-down assay were used to confirm the interaction between miR-150-5p and PYCR1. The function of overexpression of miR-150-5p and PYCR1 were detected by cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion in NPC C666-1 and SUNE-1 cells. RESULTS The miR-150-5p expression was reduced in NPC tissues and cells and negatively correlated with PYCR1 level. Upregulation of miR-150-5p conspicuously repressed cell growth. However, upregulation of PYCR1 significantly facilitated the development of NPC, which further suppressed NPC tumorigenesis by abolishing the effect of miR-150-5p. CONCLUSIONS We clarified that miR-150-5p attenuated NPC tumorigenesis through reducing PYCR1 expression. This provides a new perspective of NPC involving both miR-150-5p and PYCR1 for the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqun Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaoliu Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, Hainan, China
| | - Jiajun Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, Hainan, China
| | - Zhencai Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, Hainan, China
| | - Chengliang Xing
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, Hainan, China
| | - Junwei Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, Hainan, China
| | - Xuejun Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, Hainan, China.
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Comprehensive Analyses of Stromal-Immune Score-Related Competing Endogenous RNA Networks In Colon Adenocarcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:4235305. [PMID: 35607443 PMCID: PMC9124109 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4235305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although recent clinical investigations emphasize the roles of myriad diversities of RNAs in stromal and immune components in the tumor microenvironment, especially in colon adenocarcinoma, however, analyses of “competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA)” network in association with stromal and immune scores have yet to be determined. This study was conducted to explore the regulatory mechanisms of a stromal-immune score-based ceRNA network in colon adenocarcinoma. Stromal and immune scores of colon adenocarcinoma tumor samples were calculated by using the ESTIMATE algorithm. Differential expression analysis between samples with high/low stromal and immune scores was performed, followed by functional annotation for the overlapping DEmRNAs. The ceRNA network was constructed by differential expression analysis, prediction of RNA-RNA interaction, and correlation with clinicopathological parameters of the patients, which were further verified by external datasets and experiments. Colon adenocarcinoma patients having higher immune scores exhibited prolonged overall survival. RNA dataset analyses from TCGA revealed aberrant expressions of a total of 2052 mRNAs, 108 lncRNAs, and 70 miRNAs between high and low stromal/immune groups. Functional annotation mapped the differentially overexpressed mRNAs for immune-associated GO terms. To construct the ceRNA network, a total of 48 lncRNAs, 40 miRNAs, and 199 mRNAs were sorted out. A dysregulated ceRNA network consisting of 6 lncRNAs, 11 miRNAs, and 39 mRNAs was constructed by comparing RNA expressions between cancer as well as adjacent normal tissues. The ceRNA regulatory axis “MIAT/miR-532-3p/STC1” was regarded as a potential hit by the comprehensive analysis. The RT-qPCR assay showed upregulation of MIAT and STC1 while downregulation of hsa-miR-532-3p expression in cancer. Thus, our study highlights the potential role of a stromal-immune score-based ceRNA network in the colon adenocarcinoma microenvironment. The ceRNA axis MIAT/miR-532-3p/STC1 could serve as a promising therapeutic target for colon adenocarcinoma.
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Amiri M, Mokhtari MJ, Bayat M, Safari A, Dianatpuor M, Tabrizi R, Borhani-Haghighi A. Expression and diagnostic values of MIAT, H19, and NRON long non-coding RNAs in multiple sclerosis patients. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Various long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) appear to have an important role in the pathophysiology of MS. This study aimed at evaluating the expression levels of lncRNAs, MIAT, H19, and NRON in peripheral blood of MS cases to a healthy control group. We collected blood samples of 95 MS cases (76 relapsing–remitting (RR) and 19 secondary progressive (SP) MS) and 95 controls. We used quantitative real-time PCR for the evaluation of gene expression. The correlation between expression with clinical parameters was analyzed by a multiple linear regression model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was carried out to detect the diagnostic potential of lncRNAs levels according to the area under the curve (AUC).
Results
MIAT, H19, and NRON were significantly increased in the RRMS and SPMS subgroups compared to the controls. We found that the H19 and MIAT expression significantly were higher in SPMS compared with RRMS. Patients with RRMS had a greater level of the average NRON expression is compared with SPMS patients. The expression level of H19 significantly was higher in females relative to male patients. Based on the area under curve (AUC) values, NRON had the best performance in the differentiation of MS patients from controls (AUC = 0.95, P < 0.0001). A combination of MIAT, H19, and NRON expression levels could be useful in differentiating MS patients with 93.6% sensitivity, 98.9% specificity, and diagnostic power of 0.96 (P < 0.0001).
Conclusions
The levels of MIAT, H19, and NRON in peripheral blood could be important biomarkers for MS diagnosis.
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11
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Identification of a Hypoxia-Related lncRNA Biomarker Signature for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:6775496. [PMID: 35096063 PMCID: PMC8791745 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6775496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. Hypoxia is a leading hallmark of tumors, which is associated with carcinogenicity and dismal patient outcome. In this project, we tended to detect the prognostic value of hypoxic lncRNA and further generate a hypoxic lncRNA-based model in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods. We integrated the transcriptome and clinical information of HNSCC based on TCGA dataset. Univariate-multivariate Cox analysis was implemented to develop the signature according to hypoxia-related lncRNAs (HRlncRNAs) with greatly prognostic power in HNSCC. Next, the biomarker signature was tested using survival analysis and ROC plots. Moreover, we used GSEA to uncover the potential pathways of HRlncRNAs, and CIBERSORT and ssGSEA tools were applied to mirror the immune status of HNSCC patients. Results. Nine HRlncRNAs (LINC00460, AC144831.1, AC116914.2, MIAT, MSC-AS1, LINC01980, MYOSLID, AL357033.4, and LINC02195) were determined to develop a HRlncRNA-related signature (HRLS). High-HRLS group was associated with dismal patient outcome using survival analysis. Moreover, the HRLS was superior to classical clinical traits in forecasting survival rate of samples with HNSCC. GSEA unearthed the top six hallmarks in the HRLS-high group individuals. In addition, the HRLS was also bound up with the infiltration of macrophages, CD8 T cells, and activated mast cells. Conclusion. Our nominated nine-HRlncRNA risk model is robust and valuable tool for forecasting patient outcome in HNSCC.
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Li Z, Zhou X, Huang J, Xu Z, Xing C, Yang J, Zhou X. MicroRNA hsa-miR-150-5p inhibits nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis by suppressing PYCR1 (pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1). Bioengineered 2021; 12:9766-9778. [PMID: 34696668 PMCID: PMC8810012 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1995102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal cancer is a rare cancer type, but with a low five-year survival rate. Dysregulation of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) and microRNA hsa-miR-150-5p is involved in the development of various cancers. However, the molecular mechanism of the hsa-miR-150-5p-PYCR1 axis in nasopharyngeal cancer remains unclear. To identify the mechanism of the hsa-miR-150-5p-PYCR1 axis, the expression of hsa-miR-150-5p and PYCR1 in nasopharyngeal cancer tissues and cells was first measured by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The luciferase and RNA pull-down assays were used to confirm the interaction between hsa-miR-150-5p and PYCR1. The overexpression of hsa-miR-150-5p and PYCR1 was detected by cell viability, proliferation, western blotting, migration, and invasion in nasopharyngeal cancer cells. The expression levels of hsa-miR-150-5p was reduced in the nasopharyngeal cancer tissues and cells and were negatively correlated with the PYCR1 levels. The upregulation of hsa-miR-150-5p significantly repressed cell growth and promoted apoptosis. However, the upregulation of PYCR1 expression significantly promoted nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis, which could abolish the inhibitory effect of hsa-miR-150-5p. In conclusion, we clarified that hsa-miR-150-5p attenuated nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis by reducing the PYCR1 expression levels. This provides a new perspective of nasopharyngeal cancer involving both hsa-miR-150-5p and PYCR1 for the treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqun Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaoliu Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jiajun Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhencai Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Chengliang Xing
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Junwei Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xuejun Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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Xu X, Zhao Y, Duan G, Du B. Downregulation of MIAT reduces the proliferation and migratory and invasive abilities of retinoblastoma cells by sponging miR-665 and regulating LASP1. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1342. [PMID: 34630696 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can function as onco-lncRNAs in several types of human cancer, including retinoblastoma (Rb). The present study investigated the potential role and regulatory mechanism of the lncRNA myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT) in Rb. To do so, the expression levels of MIAT, microRNA (miR)-665, and LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP1) in Rb tissues from patients or Rb cells were analysed using reverse transcription quantitative PCR. The interactions between miR-665 and MIAT/LASP1 were confirmed by the dual-luciferase reporter assay. MTT, Transwell (to assess migration and invasion) and western blotting assays were used to explore the functions of the MIAT/miR-665/LASP1 axis on Rb progression in vitro. The results of the present study indicated that MIAT targeted miR-665. In Rb tissues and cell lines, high expression of MIAT was observed, whereas miR-665 was downregulated in Rb tissues. Furthermore, the proliferation and migratory and invasive abilities of Rb Y79 and HXO-RB44 cells were decreased following MIAT downregulation or miR-665 overexpression. In addition, LASP1 was identified as a target gene of miR-665. Both the decreased expression of miR-665 and the elevated expression of LASP1 reversed the suppressive effects of MIAT knockdown on the proliferation and migratory and invasive abilities of Y79 cells. Furthermore, MIAT silencing attenuated the development of Rb by regulating the miR-665/LASP1 axis. Taken together, these findings suggested that MIAT may be considered as a possible therapeutic target for Rb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiabing Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, No. 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Yadong Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, No. 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Gang Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, No. 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, No. 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
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Ranjan S, Jain S, Bhargava A, Shandilya R, Srivastava RK, Mishra PK. Lateral flow assay-based detection of long non-coding RNAs: A point-of-care platform for cancer diagnosis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 204:114285. [PMID: 34333453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lateral flow assay (LFA) is a flexible, simple, low-costpoint-of-care platform for rapid detection of disease-specific biomarkers. Importantly, the ability of the assay to capture the circulating bio-molecules has gained significant attention, as it offers a potential minimal invasive system for early disease diagnosis and prognosis. In the present article, we review an innovative concept of LFA-based detection of circulating long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), one of the key regulators of fundamental biological processes. In addition, their disease-specific expression pattern and presence in biological fluids at differential levels make them excellent biomarker candidates for cancer detection. Our article also provides an update on the requirements for developing and improving such systems and discusses the key aspects of material selection, operational concepts, principles and conceptual design. We assume that the reviewed points will be helpful to improve the diagnostic applicability of LFA based lncRNA detection in cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Ranjan
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Surbhi Jain
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Arpit Bhargava
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Ruchita Shandilya
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | | | - Pradyumna Kumar Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India.
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LncRNA SNHG20 promotes cell proliferation and invasion by suppressing miR-217 in ovarian cancer. Genes Genomics 2021; 43:1095-1104. [PMID: 34302635 PMCID: PMC8376724 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is the most common female gynecological malignancy. SNHG20, as a long non-coding RNA, has been proven to be an important regulator in the occurrence and development of various tumors. However, the potential mechanism of SNHG20 in ovarian cancer is unclear. Objective The present study was aimed to investigate the functions and mechanisms of SNHG20 in ovarian cancer. Methods The expression of SNHG20 and miR-217 in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines was detected by qRT-PCR. CCK-8 assay was used to measure cell proliferation in transfected cells. The transwell assay was used to detect the relative invasion rate of transfected cells. The putative binding sites between SNHG20 and miR-217 were predicted by software LncBase v.2, and the interaction between SNHG20 and miR-217 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assays and RIP assay. The rescue experiments were used to illustrate potential mechanisms. Results SNHG20 was upregulated in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of SNHG20 promoted ovarian cancer cell proliferation and invasion. MiR-217 was downregulated in ovarian cancer tissues and cells, and was negatively regulated by SNHG20. Moreover, miR-217 overexpression inhibited ovarian cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, miR-217 mimic reversed the inhibitory effect of SNHG20 overexpression on the biological behavior of ovarian cancer cells. Conclusions SNHG20 promoted cell proliferation and invasion by sponging miR-217 in ovarian cancer. These results suggested that SNHG20 and miR-217 might provide new targets for therapeutic application in ovarian cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13258-021-01138-4.
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Azimi T, Taheri M. Myocardial Infarction Associated Transcript (MIAT): Review of its impact in the tumorigenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:111040. [PMID: 33378948 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial Infarction Associated Transcript (MIAT) is a non-coding transcript which is located on chromosome 22q12.1. This lncRNA can regulate expression of genes at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional stages. It has been firstly recognized as a susceptibility locus for myocardial infarction. Subsequently, its role in the development of several human cancers has been acknowledged. Numerous researches have reported the impact of MIAT silencing on the reduction of cell viability, proliferation and invasion while enhancement of cellular senescence and apoptosis. Consistently, investigations in the xenograft models have verified MIAT role in the promotion of tumor growth. Numerous microRNAs such as miR-214, miR-22-3p, miR-520d-3p, miR-203a, miR-29a-3p, miR-141, miR-150, miR-302, miR-29, and miR-155-5p have functional interactions with this lncRNA. Moreover, dysregulation of MIAT has been associated with abnormal activity of numerous cancer-related signaling cascades such as Hippo, PI3K/Akt/c-Met and Wnt/β-catenin. In the current review, we explain the role of MIAT in the cancer evolution based on the outcomes of in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Azimi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Da CM, Gong CY, Nan W, Zhou KS, Wu ZL, Zhang HH. The role of long non-coding RNA MIAT in cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110359. [PMID: 32535389 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a kind of non-coding single-strand RNAs, play an important role as carcinogenic genes or tumor suppressors in the development of human cancer. Myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT) was first identified as a lncRNA in 2006 and originally isolated as a candidate gene for myocardial infarction. Later, it was reported that MIAT exhibits regulatory effects on the human cell cycle. Since its discovery, MIAT has also been identified as a carcinogenic regulator in many malignant tumors. High expression of MIAT is related to the clinicopathological characteristics of cancer patients. It can also regulate cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and anti-apoptosis through a variety of mechanisms. Therefore, MIAT is considered a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer. In this review, we summarize the biological function, mechanism, and potential clinical significance of MIAT during tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ming Da
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Chao-Yang Gong
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Wei Nan
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730030, PR China
| | - Kai-Sheng Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730030, PR China
| | - Zuo-Long Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hai-Hong Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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Salamini-Montemurri M, Lamas-Maceiras M, Barreiro-Alonso A, Vizoso-Vázquez Á, Rodríguez-Belmonte E, Quindós-Varela M, Cerdán ME. The Challenges and Opportunities of LncRNAs in Ovarian Cancer Research and Clinical Use. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1020. [PMID: 32326249 PMCID: PMC7225988 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12041020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies worldwide because it tends to be detected late, when the disease has already spread, and prognosis is poor. In this review we aim to highlight the importance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment choice, to make progress towards increasingly personalized medicine in this malignancy. We review the effects of lncRNAs associated with ovarian cancer in the context of cancer hallmarks. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms by which lncRNAs become involved in cellular physiology; the onset, development and progression of ovarian cancer; and lncRNAs' regulatory mechanisms at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational stages of gene expression. Finally, we compile a series of online resources useful for the study of lncRNAs, especially in the context of ovarian cancer. Future work required in the field is also discussed along with some concluding remarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Salamini-Montemurri
- EXPRELA Group, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, INIBIC-Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (M.L.-M.); (A.B.-A.); (E.R.-B.)
| | - Mónica Lamas-Maceiras
- EXPRELA Group, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, INIBIC-Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (M.L.-M.); (A.B.-A.); (E.R.-B.)
| | - Aida Barreiro-Alonso
- EXPRELA Group, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, INIBIC-Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (M.L.-M.); (A.B.-A.); (E.R.-B.)
| | - Ángel Vizoso-Vázquez
- EXPRELA Group, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, INIBIC-Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (M.L.-M.); (A.B.-A.); (E.R.-B.)
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Belmonte
- EXPRELA Group, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, INIBIC-Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (M.L.-M.); (A.B.-A.); (E.R.-B.)
| | - María Quindós-Varela
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Carretera del Pasaje s/n, 15006 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - María Esperanza Cerdán
- EXPRELA Group, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, INIBIC-Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (M.L.-M.); (A.B.-A.); (E.R.-B.)
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