Sevoflurane Suppresses Glioma Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion Both In Vitro and In Vivo Partially Via Regulating KCNQ1OT1/miR-146b-5p/STC1 Axis

EZH2 Promotes Glioma Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration via Mir-142-3p/KCNQ1OT1/HMGB3 Axis : Running Title: EZH2 Promotes Glioma cell Malignant Behaviors

This study investigates the role and molecular mechanism of EZH2 in glioma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. EZH2, miR-142-3p, lncRNA KCNQ1OT1, LIN28B, and HMGB3 expressions in glioma tissues and cells were determined using qRT-PCR or Western blot, followed by CCK-8 assay detection of cell viability, Transwell detection of invasion and migration, ChIP analysis of the enrichment of EZH2 and H3K27me3 on miR-142-3p promoter, dual-luciferase reporter assay and RIP validation of the binding of miR-142-3p-KCNQ1OT1 and KCNQ1OT1-LIN28B, and actinomycin D detection of KCNQ1OT1 and HMGB3 mRNA stability. A nude mouse xenograft model and a lung metastasis model were established. EZH2, KCNQ1OT1, LIN28B, and HMGB3 were highly expressed while miR-142-3p was poorly expressed in gliomas. EZH2 silencing restrained glioma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. EZH2 repressed miR-142-3p expression by elevating the H3K27me3 level. miR-142-3p targeted KCNQ1OT1 expression, and KCNQ1OT1 bound to LIN28B to stabilize HMGB3 mRNA, thereby promoting its protein expression. EZH2 silencing depressed tumor growth and metastasis in nude mice via the miR-142-3p/KCNQ1OT1/HMGB3 axis. In conclusion, EZH2 curbed miR-142-3p expression, thereby relieving the inhibition of KCNQ1OT1 expression by miR-142-3p, enhancing the binding of KCNQ1OT1 to LIN28B, elevating HMGB3 expression, and ultimately accelerating glioma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration.

Investigating the Influence of Anaesthesiology for Cancer Resection Surgery on Oncologic Outcomes: The Role of Experimental In Vivo Models

The incidence and societal burden of cancer is increasing globally. Surgery is indicated in the majority of solid tumours, and recent research in the emerging field of onco-anaesthesiology suggests that anaesthetic-analgesic interventions in the perioperative period could potentially influence long-term oncologic outcomes. While prospective, randomised controlled clinical trials are the only research method that can conclusively prove a causal relationship between anaesthetic technique and cancer recurrence, live animal (in vivo) experimental models may more realistically test the biological plausibility of these hypotheses and the mechanisms underpinning them, than limited in vitro modelling. This review outlines the advantages and limitations of available animal models of cancer and how they might be used in perioperative cancer metastasis modelling, including spontaneous or induced tumours, allograft, xenograft, and transgenic tumour models.

Sevoflurane inhibits the malignant phenotypes of glioma through regulating miR-146b-5p/NFIB axis

PURPOSE

Sevoflurane is a common used inhaled anesthetic that was reported to regulate the progression of multiple cancers. Here, we aimed to investigate the function and regulatory mechanism underlying sevoflurane in glioma cells.

METHODS

A172 and U251 cells were treated with different concentrations of sevoflurane. Colony formation, EdU satining and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), flow cytometry, and transwell assays were performed to evaluate cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion, respectively. Circ_VCAN, microRNA-146b-5p (miR-146b-5p) and nuclear factor I B (NFIB) expression levels were assessed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) or western blot. Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay were applied to evaluate the correlation between miR-146b-5p and circ_VCAN or NFIB. A xenograft glioma mice model was established to verify the effect of sevoflurane on tumor growth in vivo.

RESULTS

Sevoflurane (Sev) inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, and elevated apoptosis of A172 and U251 cells. Sevoflurane treatment inhibited the expression of circ_VCAN and NFIB, but elevated the expression of miR-146b-5p in glioma cells. Overexpression of circ_VCAN alleviated the inhibition effects of sevoflurane on the malignant phenotypes of glioma in vitro and in vivo. Besides, miR-146b-5p is a target of circ_VCAN and negatively regulated NFIB expression. Overexpression of miR-146b-5p partly reversed the effects of circ_VCAN in Sev-treated glioma cells. Furthermore, miR-146b-5p deletion enhanced glioma progression in sevoflurane treated glioma cells by targeting NFIB. Moreover, circ_VCAN could upregulate NFIB expression by sponging miR-146b-5p in Sev-treated glioma cells.

CONCLUSION

Sevoflurane alleviated proliferation, migration and invasion, but enhanced apoptosis of glioma cells through regulating circ_VCAN/miR-146b-5p/NFIB axis.

Sevoflurane Induces Ferroptosis of Glioma Cells Through Activating the ATF4-CHAC1 Pathway

Objective

To clarify the function and mechanisms of sevoflurane (Sev) on ferroptosis in glioma cells.

Methods

Different concentrations of Sev were used to treat glioma cells U87 and U251. Ferroptosis inducer Erastin was used to incubate glioma cells combined with Sev and ATF4 siRNA transfection treatment. CCK-8 assay and colorimetric assay were performed to analyze cell viability and Fe+ concentration, respectively. The releases of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by flow cytometry analysis. Transcriptional sequencing was used to screen the differential genes affected by Sev in U251 cells. The mRNA and protein expression of ferroptosis-associated genes was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting.

Results

Sev could suppress cell viability, increase ROS levels and Fe+ concentration, downregulate the protein expression levels of GPX4, and upregulate transferrin, ferritin, and Beclin-1 in a dose-dependent manner in U87 and U251 cells. The expression of ferroptosis and mitophagy-related gene activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) was identified to be enhanced by Sev analyzed by transcriptional sequencing. ChaC glutathione-specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (CHAC1), which is involved in ferroptosis, is a downstream gene of ATF4. Inhibition of ATF4 could interrupt the expression of CHAC1 induced by Sev in U87 and U251 cells. Ferroptosis inducer Erastin treatment obviously inhibited the cell viability, elevated the Fe2+ concentration, and promoted ROS generation in U87 and U251 cells. The protein level of ATF4 and CHAC1 was increased in Erastin-treated U87 and U251 cells. Moreover, the interruption of Sev-induced ferroptosis and CHAC1 activating induced by ATF4 suppression could be reversed by Erastin.

Conclusions

In summary, this study suggested that Sev exposure-induced ferroptosis by the ATF4-CHAC1 pathway in glioma cells.

miR-146b-5p and miR-520h Expressions Are Upregulated in Serum of Women with Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion

Unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) is characterized by two or more consecutive pregnancy losses before the 20th week of gestation with unknown etiology. Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) expression has been reported in reproductive diseases. This study aimed to compare differentially expressed miRNAs in the serum samples between URSA patients and healthy individuals. URSA cases were confirmed by a gynecologist. Peripheral blood sample was‏ gathered from 9 URSA patients, 15 normal pregnant, and 10 non-pregnant women without abortion history. After separating serum, the expression levels of the miR-101-3p, miR-517c-3p, miR-146b-5p, miR-221-3p, and miR-520 h were measured by qRT-PCR assay. The circulating level of miR-520 h in URSA patients was significantly up-regulated compared with healthy pregnant (P < 0.01) and healthy non-pregnant (P = 0.002) women. Furthermore, miR-520 h expression was significantly different between healthy non-pregnant and pregnant women (P = 0.002). Statistical analysis indicated miR-146b-5p expression was significantly up-regulated in URSA patients compared to normal pregnant women (P = 0.018). However, the transcription level of miR-146b-5p was insignificantly different between normal non-pregnant women and the other two groups. Also, circulating levels of miR-101-3p, miR-221-3p, and miR-517c-3p were not significantly different in the studied groups. Statistical analysis showed significant correlations between both miR-221-3p and miR-517c-3p and other miRNAs (P < 0.05). The circulating levels of miR-520 h and miR-146b-5p could be considered biomarkers for URSA diagnosis. Also, miR-517c-3p and miR-221-3p might play a regulatory role in other miRNAs expressions during pregnancy. Previous work, in contrary to our findings, claims that the expression levels of miR-221-3p, miR-101-3p, and miR-517c-3p increased in plasma and tissue samples of patients with URSA. However, our research for the first time indicates that the expression level of miR-520 h and miR-146b-5p in the serum of these patients has increased. Future investigations are necessary to confirm these findings.

MiR-144-3p targets STC1 to activate PI3K/AKT pathway to induce cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in selenium deficiency broilers

Selenium (Se) is an indispensable trace element in vertebrate. Se deficiency can damage the immune system. Studies have shown that Se deficiency can cause immune organ damage by regulating the expression of microRNA. Bursa of Fabricius is a special immune organ in poultry. In order to explore the mechanism of bursa of Fabricius injury caused by Se deficiency and the role of miRNA in this process. Firstly, we established the Se deficient model of broilers in vivo and found that Se deficiency could induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of bursa of Fabricius cells through Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Protein Kinase B (AKT) pathway. Secondly, we inferred miRNA (miR-144-3p) and target gene Stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) that may regulate PI3K/AKT pathway through biological analysis system, and further predicted and determined the targeting relationship between them through dual luciferase, it was found that miR-144-3p was highly expressed in the process of cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest induced by Se deficiency. Finally, in order to further understand whether miR-144-3p/STC1 axis is involved in the process, miR-144-3p knockdown and overexpression experiments were carried out, it was found that miR-144-3p inhibitor can reduce the occurrence of cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In conclusion, Se deficiency can induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of bursa of Fabricius in Broilers by up regulating miR-144-3p targeting STC1 and activating PI3K/AKT pathway, leading to injury of bursa of Fabricius in broilers.

Targeting miRNAs with anesthetics in cancer: Current understanding and future perspectives

Anesthetics are extensively used during cancer surgeries. The progression of cancer can be influenced by perioperative events such as exposure to general or local anesthesia. However, whether they inhibit cancer or act as a causative factor for metastasis and exert deleterious effects on cancer growth differs based on the type of cancer and the therapy administration. Recent experimental data suggested that many of the most commonly used anesthetics in surgical oncology, whether general or local agents, can alter gene expression and cause epigenetic changes via modulating miRNAs. miRNAs are single-stranded non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at various levels, and their dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of cancers. However, anesthetics via regulating miRNAs can concurrently target several effectors of cellular signaling pathways involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, and viability. This review summarized the current research about the effects of different anesthetics in regulating cancer, with a particular emphasis on the role of miRNAs. A significant number of studies conducted in this area of research illuminate the effects of anesthetics on the regulation of miRNA expression; therefore, we hope that a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in the regulation of miRNA in the context of anesthesia-induced cancer regulation could help to define optimal anesthetic regimens and provide better perspectives for further studies.