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Zhou F, Ben Y, Jiang H, Tan S, Mu G, Zha Z, Dong S, Huang S, Zhou Y, Jin Y, Chiu ML. A Novel Dual-Fc Bispecific Antibody with Enhanced Fc Effector Function. Biochemistry 2024; 63:958-968. [PMID: 38426700 PMCID: PMC11025548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are undergoing continued development for applications in oncology and autoimmune diseases. While increasing activity by having more than one targeting arm, most BsAb engineering employs single Fc engagement as monoclonal antibodies. Here, we designed a novel immunoglobulin gamma-1 (IgG1)-derived dual-Fc BsAb containing two Fc regions and two distinct asymmetric antigen binding arms comprising a Fab arm and another VHH domain. In conjunction with the knob-into-hole technology, dual-Fc BsAbs could be produced with a high yield and good stability. We explore how Fc engineering effects on dual-Fc constructs could boost the desired therapeutic efficacy. This new format enabled simultaneous bispecific binding to corresponding antigens. Furthermore, compared to the one-Fc control molecules, dual-Fc BsAbs were shown to increase the avidity-based binding to FcγRs to result in higher ADCC and ADCP activities by potent avidity via binding to two antigens and Fc receptors. Overall, this novel BsAb format with enhanced effector functionalities provides a new option for antibody-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulai Zhou
- Research
& Development Department, Tavotek Biotherapeutics, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yinyin Ben
- Research
& Development Department, Tavotek Biotherapeutics, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Research
& Development Department, Tavotek Biotherapeutics, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Siwen Tan
- Research
& Development Department, Tavotek Biotherapeutics, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Guangmao Mu
- Research
& Development Department, Tavotek Biotherapeutics, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Zhengxia Zha
- Research
& Development Department, Tavotek Biotherapeutics, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Shuting Dong
- Research
& Development Department, Tavotek Biotherapeutics, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Research
& Development Department, Tavotek Biotherapeutics, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Research
& Development Department, Tavotek Biotherapeutics, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Research
& Development Department, Tavotek Biotherapeutics, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Mark L. Chiu
- Research
& Development Department, Tavotek Biotherapeutics, Suzhou 215000, China
- Research
& Development, Tavotek Biotherapeutics, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
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2
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Ziaei V, Ghassempour A, Davami F, Azarian B, Behdani M, Dabiri H, Habibi-Anbouhi M. Production and characterization of a camelid single domain anti-CD22 antibody conjugated to DM1. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:579-590. [PMID: 37129769 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04741-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) with twelve FDA approved drugs, known as a novel category of anti-neoplastic treatment created to merge the monoclonal antibody specificity with cytotoxicity effect of chemotherapy. However, despite many undeniable advantages, ADCs face certain problems, including insufficient internalization after binding, complex structures and large size of full antibodies especially in targeting of solid tumors. Camelid single domain antibody fragments (Nanobody®) offer solutions to this challenge by providing nanoscale size, high solubility and excellent stability, recombinant expression in bacteria, in vivo enhanced tissue penetration, and conjugation advantages. Here, an anti-human CD22 Nanobody was expressed in E.coli cells and conjugated to Mertansine (DM1) as a cytotoxic payload. The anti-CD22 Nanobody was expressed and purified by Ni-NTA resin. DM1 conjugated anti-CD22 Nanobody was generated by conjugation of SMCC-DM1 to Nanobody lysine groups. The conjugates were characterized using SDS-PAGE and Capillary electrophoresis (CE-SDS), RP-HPLC, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Additionally, flow cytometry analysis and a competition ELISA were carried out for binding evaluation. Finally, cytotoxicity of conjugates on Raji and Jurkat cell lines was assessed. The drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of conjugates was calculated 2.04 using UV spectrometry. SDS-PAGE, CE-SDS, HPLC, and mass spectrometry confirmed conjugation of DM1 to the Nanobody. The obtained results showed the anti-CD22 Nanobody cytotoxicity was enhanced almost 80% by conjugation with DM1. The binding of conjugates was similar to the non-conjugated anti-CD22 Nanobody in flow cytometry experiments. Concludingly, this study successfully suggest that the DM1 conjugated anti-CD22 Nanobody can be used as a novel tumor specific drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahab Ziaei
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghassempour
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Davami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Azarian
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Behdani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Venom and Bio Therapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Dabiri
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Xu J, Li S, Xu S, Dai J, Luo Z, Cui J, Cai F, Geng C, Wang Z, Tang X. Screening and Preclinical Evaluation of Novel Radiolabeled Anti-Fibroblast Activation Protein-α Recombinant Antibodies. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2023; 38:726-737. [PMID: 35612467 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2021.0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAPα) is selectively overexpressed in tumor-associated fibroblasts in more than 90% of epithelial tumors, and may be a good target for anticancer treatment, for example, using an anti-FAPα recombinant antibody (rAb) labeled with radionuclides. In the present report, the radiolabeling and preclinical evaluation of novel anti-FAPα rAbs were investigated. Materials and Methods: Two novel anti-FAPα VHHs (AMS002-1 and AMS002-2) with high binding affinity to FAPα were selected from an antibody phage library. The anti-FAPα VHHs were then fused with the Fc fragment of human IgG4 to create two VHH-Fc rAbs. The VHH-Fc rAbs were radiolabeled with 89Zr and 177Lu. The radiolabeled products were evaluated by radioligand-binding assays using FAPα-expressing cells. The biodistribution and tumor-targeting properties were investigated by small-animal PET/CT. AMS002-1-Fc, which showed promising tumor-targeting properties in 89Zr-microPET imaging, was radiolabeled with 177Lu for efficacy study on HT1080 tumor-bearing mice and monitored with SPECT/CT imaging. Results: The two VHH-Fc rAbs with good affinity with KD values in low nanomolar range were identified. Both PET/CT imaging with 89Zr-AMS002-1-Fc rAb and SPECT/CT imaging with 177Lu-AMS002-1-Fc rAb demonstrated highest tumor uptakes at 72 h p.i. and long tumor retention in the preclinical models. Furthermore, ex vivo biodistribution analysis revealed high tumor uptake of 89Zr-AMS002-1-Fc at 48 h p.i. with the value of 6.91% ± 2.08% ID/g. Finally, radioimmunotherapy with 177Lu-AMS002-1-Fc rAb delayed the tumor growth without significant weight loss in mice with HT1080 xenografts. The tumor size of untreated control group was 2.59 times larger compared with the treatment group with 177Lu-AMS002-1-Fc at day 29. Conclusion: 89Zr/177Lu-AMS002-1-Fc represent a pair of promising radiopharmaceuticals for theranostics on FAPα-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Xu
- Department of Nuclear Sciences and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- JYAMS PET Research and Development Limited, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghua Li
- College of Life Sciences & Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Novabody Biotechnological Ltd., Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shasha Xu
- Beijing Novabody Biotechnological Ltd., Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Dai
- JYAMS PET Research and Development Limited, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Luo
- JYAMS PET Research and Development Limited, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Cui
- JYAMS PET Research and Development Limited, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Cai
- Department of Nuclear Sciences and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- JYAMS PET Research and Development Limited, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Changran Geng
- Department of Nuclear Sciences and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wang
- JYAMS PET Research and Development Limited, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobin Tang
- Department of Nuclear Sciences and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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4
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Chehelgerdi M, Chehelgerdi M, Allela OQB, Pecho RDC, Jayasankar N, Rao DP, Thamaraikani T, Vasanthan M, Viktor P, Lakshmaiya N, Saadh MJ, Amajd A, Abo-Zaid MA, Castillo-Acobo RY, Ismail AH, Amin AH, Akhavan-Sigari R. Progressing nanotechnology to improve targeted cancer treatment: overcoming hurdles in its clinical implementation. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:169. [PMID: 37814270 PMCID: PMC10561438 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01865-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize the detection and treatment of cancer. Developments in protein engineering and materials science have led to the emergence of new nanoscale targeting techniques, which offer renewed hope for cancer patients. While several nanocarriers for medicinal purposes have been approved for human trials, only a few have been authorized for clinical use in targeting cancer cells. In this review, we analyze some of the authorized formulations and discuss the challenges of translating findings from the lab to the clinic. This study highlights the various nanocarriers and compounds that can be used for selective tumor targeting and the inherent difficulties in cancer therapy. Nanotechnology provides a promising platform for improving cancer detection and treatment in the future, but further research is needed to overcome the current limitations in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Institute, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran.
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran.
| | - Matin Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Institute, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran
| | | | | | - Narayanan Jayasankar
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM College Of Pharmacy, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Devendra Pratap Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Coordination Chemistry Laboratory, Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (PG) College, Kanpur-208001, U.P, India
| | - Tamilanban Thamaraikani
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM College Of Pharmacy, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Manimaran Vasanthan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM College Of Pharmacy, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Patrik Viktor
- Keleti Károly Faculty of Business and Management, Óbuda University, Tavaszmező U. 15-17, 1084, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Natrayan Lakshmaiya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, 11831, Jordan
| | - Ayesha Amajd
- Faculty of Organization and Management, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEMMPRE, University of Coimbra, Polo II, 3030-788, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mabrouk A Abo-Zaid
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, 82817, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed H Ismail
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, 82817, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Amin
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Stahl P, Kollenda S, Sager J, Schmidt L, Schroer MA, Stauber RH, Epple M, Knauer SK. Tuning Nanobodies' Bioactivity: Coupling to Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles Allows the Intracellular Interference with Survivin. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300871. [PMID: 37035950 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanobodies are highly affine binders, often used to track disease-relevant proteins inside cells. However, they often fail to interfere with pathobiological functions, required for their clinical exploitation. Here, a nanobody targeting the disease-relevant apoptosis inhibitor and mitosis regulator Survivin (SuN) is utilized. Survivin's multifaceted functions are regulated by an interplay of dynamic cellular localization, dimerization, and protein-protein interactions. However, as Survivin harbors no classical "druggable" binding pocket, one must aim at blocking extended protein surface areas. Comprehensive experimental evidence demonstrates that intracellular expression of SuN allows to track Survivin at low nanomolar concentrations but failed to inhibit its biological functions. Small angle X-ray scattering of the Survivin-SuN complex locates the proposed interaction interface between the C-terminus and the globular domain, as such not blocking any pivotal interaction. By clicking multiple SuN to ultrasmall (2 nm) gold nanoparticles (SuN-N), not only intracellular uptake is enabled, but additionally, Survivin crosslinking and interference with mitotic progression in living cells are also enabled. In sum, it is demonstrated that coupling of nanobodies to nanosized scaffolds can be universally applicable to improve their function and therapeutic applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Stahl
- Molecular Biology II, Department of Biology, Center of Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kollenda
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Jonas Sager
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Laura Schmidt
- Molecular Biology II, Department of Biology, Center of Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin A Schroer
- Nanoparticle Process Technology, Department of Engineering, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Roland H Stauber
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology/ENT, University Medical Center Mainz (UMM), Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) and Center of Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Shirley K Knauer
- Molecular Biology II, Department of Biology, Center of Medical Biotechnology (ZMB) and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
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6
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Qian L, Lin X, Gao X, Khan RU, Liao JY, Du S, Ge J, Zeng S, Yao SQ. The Dawn of a New Era: Targeting the "Undruggables" with Antibody-Based Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37186942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The high selectivity and affinity of antibodies toward their antigens have made them a highly valuable tool in disease therapy, diagnosis, and basic research. A plethora of chemical and genetic approaches have been devised to make antibodies accessible to more "undruggable" targets and equipped with new functions of illustrating or regulating biological processes more precisely. In this Review, in addition to introducing how naked antibodies and various antibody conjugates (such as antibody-drug conjugates, antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates, antibody-enzyme conjugates, etc.) work in therapeutic applications, special attention has been paid to how chemistry tools have helped to optimize the therapeutic outcome (i.e., with enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects) or facilitate the multifunctionalization of antibodies, with a focus on emerging fields such as targeted protein degradation, real-time live-cell imaging, catalytic labeling or decaging with spatiotemporal control as well as the engagement of antibodies inside cells. With advances in modern chemistry and biotechnology, well-designed antibodies and their derivatives via size miniaturization or multifunctionalization together with efficient delivery systems have emerged, which have gradually improved our understanding of important biological processes and paved the way to pursue novel targets for potential treatments of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Qian
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuefen Lin
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rizwan Ullah Khan
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia-Yu Liao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shubo Du
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingyan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544
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7
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Rahimmanesh I, Esmaili Y, Ghafouri E, Hejazi SH, Khanahmad H. Enhanced in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of whole tumor lysate in combination with whole tumor cell-specific polyclonal antibody. Res Pharm Sci 2023; 18:138-148. [PMID: 36873278 PMCID: PMC9976059 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.367793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Despite the widespread utilization of cancer vaccines with specified antigens, the use of whole tumor cell lysates in tumor immunotherapy would be a very promising approach that can overcome several significant obstacles in vaccine production. Whole tumor cells provide a broad source of tumor-associated antigens and can activate cytotoxic T lymphocytes and CD4+ T helper cells concurrently. On the other hand, as an effective immunotherapy strategy, recent investigations have shown that the multi-targeting of tumor cells with polyclonal antibodies, which are also more effective than monoclonal antibodies at mediating effector functions for target elimination, might minimize the escape variants. Experimental approach We prepared polyclonal antibodies by immunizing rabbits with the highly invasive 4T1 breast cancer cell line. Findings/Results In vitro investigation indicated that the immunized rabbit serum inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in target tumor cells. Moreover, in vivo analysis showed enhanced anti-tumor efficacy of whole tumor cell lysate in combination with tumor cell-immunized serum. This combination therapy proved beneficial in significant inhibition of the tumor growth and the established tumor was entirely eradicated in treated mice. Conclusion and implications Serial intravenous injections of tumor cell immunized rabbit serum significantly inhibited tumor cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo in combination with whole tumor lysate. This platform could be a promising method for developing clinical-grade vaccines and open up the possibility of addressing the effectiveness and safety of cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilnaz Rahimmanesh
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Yasaman Esmaili
- Biosensor Research Center, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Elham Ghafouri
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hejazi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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8
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Nadaradjane AA, Diharce J, Rebehmed J, Cadet F, Gardebien F, Gelly JC, Etchebest C, de Brevern AG. Quality assessment of V HH models. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:13287-13301. [PMID: 36752327 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2172613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Heavy Chain Only Antibodies are specific to Camelid species. Despite the lack of the light chain variable domain, their heavy chain variable domain (VH) domain, named VHH or nanobody, has promising potential applications in research and therapeutic fields. The structural study of VHH is therefore of great interest. Unfortunately, considering the huge amount of sequences that might be produced, only about one thousand of VHH experimental structures are publicly available in the Protein Data Bank, implying that structural model prediction of VHH is a necessary alternative to obtaining 3D information besides its sequence. The present study aims to assess and compare the quality of predictions from different modelling methodologies. Established comparative & homology modelling approaches to recent Deep Learning-based modelling strategies were applied, i.e. Modeller using single or multiple structural templates, ModWeb, SwissModel (with two evaluation schema), RoseTTAfold, AlphaFold 2 and NanoNet. The prediction accuracy was evaluated using RMSD, TM-score, GDT-TS, GDT-HA and Protein Blocks distance metrics. Besides the global structure assessment, we performed specific analyses of Frameworks and CDRs structures. We observed that AlphaFold 2 and especially NanoNet performed better than the other evaluated softwares. Importantly, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of an experimental structure and a NanoNet predicted model of a VHH in order to compare the global structural flexibility and local conformations using Protein Blocks. Despite rather similar structures, substantial differences in dynamical properties were observed, which underlies the complexity of the task of model evaluation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravindan Arun Nadaradjane
- Université Paris Cité and Université de la Réunion and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGR, DSIMB, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité and Université de la Réunion and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGR, DSIMB, Saint Denis Messag, France
| | - Julien Diharce
- Université Paris Cité and Université de la Réunion and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGR, DSIMB, Paris, France
| | - Joseph Rebehmed
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese, American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Frédéric Cadet
- Université Paris Cité and Université de la Réunion and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGR, DSIMB, Saint Denis Messag, France
- Artificial Intelligence Department, PEACCEL, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Gardebien
- Université Paris Cité and Université de la Réunion and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGR, DSIMB, Saint Denis Messag, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Gelly
- Université Paris Cité and Université de la Réunion and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGR, DSIMB, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Etchebest
- Université Paris Cité and Université de la Réunion and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGR, DSIMB, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre G de Brevern
- Université Paris Cité and Université de la Réunion and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGR, DSIMB, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité and Université de la Réunion and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGR, DSIMB, Saint Denis Messag, France
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9
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Lim HT, Kok BH, Lim CP, Abdul Majeed AB, Leow CY, Leow CH. Single domain antibodies derived from ancient animals as broadly neutralizing agents for SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ADVANCES 2022; 4:100054. [PMID: 36158162 PMCID: PMC9482557 DOI: 10.1016/j.bea.2022.100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
With severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as an emergent human virus since December 2019, the world population is susceptible to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 has higher transmissibility than the previous coronaviruses, associated by the ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus nature with high mutation rate, caused SARS-CoV-2 variants to arise while circulating worldwide. Neutralizing antibodies are identified as immediate and direct-acting therapeutic against COVID-19. Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), as small biomolecules with non-complex structure and intrinsic stability, can acquire antigen-binding capabilities comparable to conventional antibodies, which serve as an attractive neutralizing solution. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein attaches to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor on lung epithelial cells to initiate viral infection, serves as potential therapeutic target. sdAbs have shown broad neutralization towards SARS-CoV-2 with various mutations, effectively stop and prevent infection while efficiently block mutational escape. In addition, sdAbs can be developed into multivalent antibodies or inhaled biotherapeutics against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - B H Kok
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - C P Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - A B Abdul Majeed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor 42300, Malaysia
| | - C Y Leow
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - C H Leow
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang 11800, Malaysia
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10
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Feng B, Chen Z, Sun J, Xu T, Wang Q, Yi H, Niu X, Zhu J, Fan M, Hou R, Shao Y, Huang S, Li C, Hu P, Zheng P, He P, Luo J, Yan Q, Xiong X, Liu J, Zhao J, Chen L. A Class of Shark-Derived Single-Domain Antibodies can Broadly Neutralize SARS-Related Coronaviruses and the Structural Basis of Neutralization and Omicron Escape. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200387. [PMID: 35583124 PMCID: PMC9347709 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The identification of a novel class of shark-derived single domain antibodies, named vnarbodies that show picomolar affinities binding to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of Wuhan and Alpha, Beta, Kappa, Delta, Delta-plus, and Lambda variants, is reported. Vnarbody 20G6 and 17F6 have broad neutralizing activities against all these SARS-CoV-2 viruses as well as other sarbecoviruses, including Pangolin coronavirus and Bat coronavirus. Intranasal administration of 20G6 effectively protects mice from the challenges of SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan and Beta variants. 20G6 and 17F6 contain a unique "WXGY" motif in the complementary determining region 3 that binds to a hidden epitope on RBD, which is highly conserved in sarbecoviruses through a novel β-sheet interaction. It is found that the S375F mutation on Omicron RBD disrupts the structure of β-strand, thus impair the binding with 20G6. The study demonstrates that shark-derived vnarbodies offer a prophylactic and therapeutic option against most SARS-CoV-2 variants and provide insights into antibody evasion by the Omicron variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseInstitute of Infectious DiseaseGuangzhou 8th People's Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou LaboratoryGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhilong Chen
- School of Medicine & School of Biomedical SciencesHuaqiao UniversityQuanzhouChina
- Xiamen United Institutes of Respiratory HealthXiamenChina
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseInstitute of Infectious DiseaseGuangzhou 8th People's Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tingting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational BiomedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseInstitute of Infectious DiseaseGuangzhou 8th People's Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Haisu Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseInstitute of Infectious DiseaseGuangzhou 8th People's Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xuefeng Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseInstitute of Infectious DiseaseGuangzhou 8th People's Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiabin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseInstitute of Infectious DiseaseGuangzhou 8th People's Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Mengzhu Fan
- School of Medicine & School of Biomedical SciencesHuaqiao UniversityQuanzhouChina
| | - Ruitian Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational BiomedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Ying Shao
- School of Medicine & School of Biomedical SciencesHuaqiao UniversityQuanzhouChina
| | - Sihui Huang
- School of Medicine & School of Biomedical SciencesHuaqiao UniversityQuanzhouChina
| | - Cuiyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational BiomedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Peiyu Hu
- Guangzhou LaboratoryGuangzhouChina
| | | | - Ping He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational BiomedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Jia Luo
- Xiamen United Institutes of Respiratory HealthXiamenChina
| | - Qihong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational BiomedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoli Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational BiomedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Jinsong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational BiomedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseInstitute of Infectious DiseaseGuangzhou 8th People's Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou LaboratoryGuangzhouChina
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseInstitute of Infectious DiseaseGuangzhou 8th People's Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou LaboratoryGuangzhouChina
- School of Medicine & School of Biomedical SciencesHuaqiao UniversityQuanzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational BiomedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
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11
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Oliinyk OS, Baloban M, Clark CL, Carey E, Pletnev S, Nimmerjahn A, Verkhusha VV. Single-domain near-infrared protein provides a scaffold for antigen-dependent fluorescent nanobodies. Nat Methods 2022; 19:740-750. [PMID: 35606446 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Small near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent proteins (FPs) are much needed as protein tags for imaging applications. We developed a 17 kDa NIR FP, called miRFP670nano3, which brightly fluoresces in mammalian cells and enables deep-brain imaging. By exploring miRFP670nano3 as an internal tag, we engineered 32 kDa NIR fluorescent nanobodies, termed NIR-Fbs, whose stability and fluorescence strongly depend on the presence of specific intracellular antigens. NIR-Fbs allowed background-free visualization of endogenous proteins, detection of viral antigens, labeling of cells expressing target molecules and identification of double-positive cell populations with bispecific NIR-Fbs against two antigens. Applying NIR-Fbs as destabilizing fusion partners, we developed molecular tools for directed degradation of targeted proteins, controllable protein expression and modulation of enzymatic activities. Altogether, NIR-Fbs enable the detection and manipulation of a variety of cellular processes based on the intracellular protein profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena S Oliinyk
- Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikhail Baloban
- Department of Genetics and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Charles L Clark
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erin Carey
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sergei Pletnev
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Axel Nimmerjahn
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vladislav V Verkhusha
- Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Genetics and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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12
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Lwin TM, Turner MA, Nishino H, Amirfakhri S, Hernot S, Hoffman RM, Bouvet M. Fluorescent Anti-CEA Nanobody for Rapid Tumor-Targeting and Imaging in Mouse Models of Pancreatic Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:711. [PMID: 35625638 PMCID: PMC9138244 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-specific targeting with fluorescent probes can enhance contrast for identification of cancer during surgical resection and visualize otherwise invisible tumor margins. Nanobodies are the smallest naturally-occurring antigen-binding molecules with rapid pharmacokinetics. The present work demonstrates the efficacy of a fluorescent anti-CEA nanobody conjugated to an IR800 dye to target and label patient derived pancreatic cancer xenografts. After intravenous administration, the probe rapidly localized to the pancreatic cancer tumors within an hour and had a tumor-to-background ratio of 2.0 by 3 h. The fluorescence signal was durable over a prolonged period of time. With the rapid kinetics afforded by fluorescent nanobodies, both targeting and imaging can be performed on the same day as surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thinzar M. Lwin
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (T.M.L.); (M.A.T.); (H.N.); (S.A.); (R.M.H.)
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michael A. Turner
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (T.M.L.); (M.A.T.); (H.N.); (S.A.); (R.M.H.)
- Department of Surgery, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Hiroto Nishino
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (T.M.L.); (M.A.T.); (H.N.); (S.A.); (R.M.H.)
- Department of Surgery, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Siamak Amirfakhri
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (T.M.L.); (M.A.T.); (H.N.); (S.A.); (R.M.H.)
- Department of Surgery, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Sophie Hernot
- Laboratory for In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY/MIMA, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (T.M.L.); (M.A.T.); (H.N.); (S.A.); (R.M.H.)
- Department of Surgery, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA 92111, USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (T.M.L.); (M.A.T.); (H.N.); (S.A.); (R.M.H.)
- Department of Surgery, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
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13
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Melis DR, Burgoyne AR, Ooms M, Gasser G. Bifunctional chelators for radiorhenium: past, present and future outlook. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:217-245. [PMID: 35434629 PMCID: PMC8942221 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00364j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRNT) is an ever-expanding field of nuclear medicine that provides a personalised approach to cancer treatment while limiting toxicity to normal tissues. It involves the radiolabelling of a biological targeting vector with an appropriate therapeutic radionuclide, often facilitated by the use of a bifunctional chelator (BFC) to stably link the two entities. The radioisotopes of rhenium, 186Re (t 1/2 = 90 h, 1.07 MeV β-, 137 keV γ (9%)) and 188Re (t 1/2 = 16.9 h, 2.12 MeV β-, 155 keV γ (15%)), are particularly attractive for radiotherapy because of their convenient and high-abundance β--particle emissions as well as their imageable γ-emissions and chemical similarity to technetium. As a transition metal element with multiple oxidation states and coordination numbers accessible for complexation, there is great opportunity available when it comes to developing novel BFCs for rhenium. The purpose of this review is to provide a recap on some of the past successes and failings, as well as show some more current efforts in the design of BFCs for 186/188Re. Future use of these radionuclides for radiotherapy depends on their cost-effective availability and this will also be discussed. Finally, bioconjugation strategies for radiolabelling biomolecules with 186/188Re will be touched upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana R Melis
- SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre Boeretang 200 BE-2400 Mol Belgium +1 865 341 1413 +32 14 33 32 83
- Chimie ParisTech, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, PSL University F-75005 Paris France www.gassergroup.com +33 1 44 27 56 02
| | - Andrew R Burgoyne
- SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre Boeretang 200 BE-2400 Mol Belgium +1 865 341 1413 +32 14 33 32 83
| | - Maarten Ooms
- SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre Boeretang 200 BE-2400 Mol Belgium +1 865 341 1413 +32 14 33 32 83
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, PSL University F-75005 Paris France www.gassergroup.com +33 1 44 27 56 02
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14
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Titong A, Gallolu Kankanamalage S, Dong J, Huang B, Spadoni N, Wang B, Wright M, Pham KLJ, Le AH, Liu Y. First-in-class trispecific VHH-Fc based antibody with potent prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and variants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4163. [PMID: 35264679 PMCID: PMC8905027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07952-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 and its variants have persisted in this ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. While the vaccines have greatly reduced the COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and death, about half of the world remain unvaccinated due to various reasons. Furthermore, the duration of the immunity gained from COVID-19 vaccination is still unclear. Therefore, there is a need for innovative prophylactic and treatment measures. In response to this need, we previously reported on the successful computer-aided development of potent VHH-based multispecific antibodies that were characterized in vitro. Here, we evaluated in vivo efficacy and safety of the lead trispecific VHH-Fc, ABS-VIR-001. Importantly, our data showed that ABS-VIR-001 treatment prevented SARS-CoV-2 infection and death when provided as an intranasal prophylaxis in a humanized ACE-2 mouse model. In addition, ABS-VIR-001 post-exposure treatment was shown to greatly reduce viral loads by as much as 50-fold. A detailed panel of metabolic and cellular parameters demonstrated that ABS-VIR-001 treatment was overall comparable to the PBS treatment, indicating a favorable safety profile. Notably, our inhibition studies show that ABS-VIR-001 continued to demonstrate unwavering efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 mutants, associated with key variants including Delta and Omicron, owing to its multiple epitope design. Lastly, we rigorously tested and confirmed the excellent thermostability of ABS-VIR-001 when heated to 45 °C for up to 4 weeks. Taken together, our study suggests that ABS-VIR-001 is an efficacious and durable prophylaxis and post-exposure treatment for COVID-19 with promising safety and manufacturability features for global distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Titong
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | | | - Jianbo Dong
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Betty Huang
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Nicholas Spadoni
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Meredith Wright
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Keegan L J Pham
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Anh Hai Le
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Yue Liu
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA. .,Ab Therapeutics Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 2, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA.
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15
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Wang J, Kang G, Yuan H, Cao X, Huang H, de Marco A. Research Progress and Applications of Multivalent, Multispecific and Modified Nanobodies for Disease Treatment. Front Immunol 2022; 12:838082. [PMID: 35116045 PMCID: PMC8804282 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.838082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant antibodies such as nanobodies are progressively demonstrating to be a valid alternative to conventional monoclonal antibodies also for clinical applications. Furthermore, they do not solely represent a substitute for monoclonal antibodies but their unique features allow expanding the applications of biotherapeutics and changes the pattern of disease treatment. Nanobodies possess the double advantage of being small and simple to engineer. This combination has promoted extremely diversified approaches to design nanobody-based constructs suitable for particular applications. Both the format geometry possibilities and the functionalization strategies have been widely explored to provide macromolecules with better efficacy with respect to single nanobodies or their combination. Nanobody multimers and nanobody-derived reagents were developed to image and contrast several cancer diseases and have shown their effectiveness in animal models. Their capacity to block more independent signaling pathways simultaneously is considered a critical advantage to avoid tumor resistance, whereas the mass of these multimeric compounds still remains significantly smaller than that of an IgG, enabling deeper penetration in solid tumors. When applied to CAR-T cell therapy, nanobodies can effectively improve the specificity by targeting multiple epitopes and consequently reduce the side effects. This represents a great potential in treating malignant lymphomas, acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, multiple myeloma and solid tumors. Apart from cancer treatment, multispecific drugs and imaging reagents built with nanobody blocks have demonstrated their value also for detecting and tackling neurodegenerative, autoimmune, metabolic, and infectious diseases and as antidotes for toxins. In particular, multi-paratopic nanobody-based constructs have been developed recently as drugs for passive immunization against SARS-CoV-2 with the goal of impairing variant survival due to resistance to antibodies targeting single epitopes. Given the enormous research activity in the field, it can be expected that more and more multimeric nanobody molecules will undergo late clinical trials in the next future. Systematic Review Registration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewen Wang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Shaoxing, Tianjin University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangbo Kang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Shaoxing, Tianjin University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haibin Yuan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Shaoxing, Tianjin University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaocang Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Shaoxing, Tianjin University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ario de Marco
- Laboratory for Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
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16
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Lwin TM, Turner MA, Amirfakhri S, Nishino H, Debie P, Cosman BC, Hoffman RM, Hernot S, Bouvet M. Rapid tumor-labeling kinetics with a site-specific near-infrared anti-CEA nanobody in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse model of colon cancer. J Surg Oncol 2021; 124:1121-1127. [PMID: 34309885 PMCID: PMC8556245 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Nanobodies are the smallest biologic antigen-binding fragments derived from camelid-derived antibodies. Nanobodies effect a peak tumor signal within minutes of injection and present a novel opportunity for fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS). The present study demonstrates the efficacy of an anti-CEA nanobody conjugated to near-infrared fluorophore LICOR-IRDye800CW for rapid intraoperative tumor labeling of colon cancer. METHODS LS174T human colon cancer cells or fragments of patient-derived colon cancer were implanted subcutaneously or orthotopically in nude mice. Anti-CEA nanobodies were conjugated with IRDye800CW and 1-3 nmol were injected intravenously. Mice were serially imaged over time. Peak fluorescence signal and tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) were recorded. RESULTS Colon cancer tumors were detectable using fluorescent anti-CEA nanobody within 5 min of injection at all three doses. Maximal fluorescence intensity was observed within 15 min-3 h for all three doses with TBR values ranging from 1.3 to 2.3. In the patient-derived model of colon cancer, fluorescence was detectable with a TBR of 4.6 at 3 h. CONCLUSIONS Fluorescent anti-CEA nanobodies rapidly and specifically labeled colon cancer in cell-line-based and patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models. The kinetics of nanobodies allow for same day administration and imaging. Anti-CEA-nb-800 is a promising and practical molecule for FGS of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thinzar M. Lwin
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael A. Turner
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Siamak Amirfakhri
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Hiroto Nishino
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Pieterjan Debie
- Laboratory for In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging (ICMI-BEFY-MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bard C. Cosman
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sophie Hernot
- Laboratory for In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging (ICMI-BEFY-MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
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17
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Development of a Double Nanobody-Based Sandwich Immunoassay for the Detecting Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C in Dairy Products. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102426. [PMID: 34681475 PMCID: PMC8535553 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) represent the leading reason for staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) and various other diseases. Reports often indicate Staphylococcal enterotoxin C (SEC) as the most frequently found enterotoxin in dairy products. To minimize consumer exposure to SEC, this paper aimed to create a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on nanobodies (sandwich Nbs-ELISA) to accurately detect SEC in dairy products without the influence of staphylococcal protein A (SpA). Therefore, after inoculating a Bactrian camel with SEC, a phage display Nb library was created. Eleven Nbs against SEC were identified in three biopanning steps. Based on their affinity and pairing level, a sandwich Nbs-ELISA was developed using the C6 anti-SEC Nb as the capture antibody, while the detection antibody was represented by the C11 phage display anti-SEC Nb. In optimal conditions, the quantitative range of the present sandwich ELISA was 4-250 ng/mL with a detection limit (LOD) of 2.47 ng/mL, obtained according to the blank value plus three standard deviations. The developed technique was subjected to specific measurements, revealing minimal cross-reactivity with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), and SpA. The proposed method exhibited high specificity and an excellent recovery rate of 84.52~108.06% in dairy products. Therefore, the sandwich Nbs-ELISA showed significant potential for developing a specific, sensitive technique for SEC detection in dairy products.
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18
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Kang W, Ding C, Zheng D, Ma X, Yi L, Tong X, Wu C, Xue C, Yu Y, Zhou Q. Nanobody Conjugates for Targeted Cancer Therapy and Imaging. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211010117. [PMID: 33929911 PMCID: PMC8111546 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional antibody-based targeted cancer therapy is one of the most promising avenues of successful cancer treatment, with the potential to reduce toxic side effects to healthy cells surrounding tumor cells. However, the full potential of antibodies is severely limited due to their large size, low stability, slow clearance, and high immunogenicity. Alternatively, recently discovered nanobodies, which are the smallest naturally occurring antigen-binding format, have shown great potential for addressing these limitations. Bioconjugation of nanobodies to functional groups such as toxins, enzymes, radionucleotides, and fluorophores can improve the efficacy and potency of nanobodies, enhance their in vivo pharmacokinetics, and expand the range of potential applications. Herein, we review the superior characteristics of nanobodies in comparison to conventional antibodies and provide insight into recent developments in nanobody conjugates for targeted cancer therapy and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Kang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.,Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo, China
| | - Chuanfeng Ding
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danni Zheng
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Lun Yi
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Xinyi Tong
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Chuang Wu
- Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Chuang Xue
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.,Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo, China
| | - Yongsheng Yu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Kimm MA, Klenk C, Alunni-Fabbroni M, Kästle S, Stechele M, Ricke J, Eisenblätter M, Wildgruber M. Tumor-Associated Macrophages-Implications for Molecular Oncology and Imaging. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040374. [PMID: 33918295 PMCID: PMC8066018 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent the largest group of leukocytes within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of solid tumors and orchestrate the composition of anti- as well as pro-tumorigenic factors. This makes TAMs an excellent target for novel cancer therapies. The plasticity of TAMs resulting in varying membrane receptors and expression of intracellular proteins allow the specific characterization of different subsets of TAMs. Those markers similarly allow tracking of TAMs by different means of molecular imaging. This review aims to provides an overview of the origin of tumor-associated macrophages, their polarization in different subtypes, and how characteristic markers of the subtypes can be used as targets for molecular imaging and theranostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A. Kimm
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Christopher Klenk
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Marianna Alunni-Fabbroni
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Sophia Kästle
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Matthias Stechele
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Jens Ricke
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Michel Eisenblätter
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Freiburg University Hospital, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-0-89-4400-76640
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Unique Benefits of Tumor-Specific Nanobodies for Fluorescence Guided Surgery. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020311. [PMID: 33670740 PMCID: PMC7921980 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-specific fluorescence labeling is promising for real-time visualization of solid malignancies during surgery. There are a number of technologies to confer tumor-specific fluorescence. Antibodies have traditionally been used due to their versatility in modifications; however, their large size hampers efficient fluorophore delivery. Nanobodies are a novel class of molecules, derived from camelid heavy-chain only antibodies, that have shown promise for tumor-specific fluorescence labeling. Nanobodies are ten times smaller than standard antibodies, while maintaining antigen-binding capacity and have advantageous features, including rapidity of tumor labeling, that are reviewed in the present report. The present report reviews special considerations needed in developing nanobody probes, the status of current literature on the use of nanobody probes in fluorescence guided surgery, and potential challenges to be addressed for clinical translation.
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Liu M, Li L, Jin D, Liu Y. Nanobody-A versatile tool for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1697. [PMID: 33470555 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the successful use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in clinic for tumor treatment, their applications are still hampered in therapeutic development due to limitations, such as tumor penetration and high cost of manufacture. Nanobody, a single domain antibody that holds the strong antigen targeting and binding capacity, has demonstrated various advantages relative to antibody. Nanobody is considered as a next-generation of antibody-derived tool in the antigen related recognition and modulation. A number of nanobodies have been developed and evaluated in different stages of clinical trials for cancer treatment. Here we summarized the current progress of nanobody in tumor diagnosis and therapeutics, particularly on the conjugation of nanobody with functional moieties. The nanobody conjugation of diagnostic agents, such as radionuclide and optical tracers, can achieve specific tumor imaging. The nanobody-drug conjugates can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of anti-tumor drugs and reduce the adverse effects. The decoration of nanobody on nanodrug delivery systems can further improve the drug targeting to specific tumors. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Li Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Duo Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yangzhong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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