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Zhao X, Ruan Q, Feng Y, Ruan Z, Wu Z, Shi D, Lu F. Blastocyst Stage Affects the Isolation and Culture of Buffalo Naive/Primed Embryonic Stem-Like Cells. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:1-12. [PMID: 36097786 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927622012363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Since embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were first identified, significant progress has been achieved. However, the establishment of buffalo ESCs (bESCs) is still unclear. This study was undertaken to explore the effect of the blastocyst stage on the isolation of bESCs. Firstly, our results indicated that the pluripotent genes were mainly expressed at the early stages of blastocyst, and the attachment and colony formation rates of bESCs derived from expanded blastocyst and hatched blastocyst were significantly higher than early blastocyst and blastocyst. In the meantime, bESCs showed positive alkaline phosphatase activity and expressed genes like OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, c-MYC, CDH1, KLF4, and TBX3. Immunofluorescence also confirmed the expression of OCT4, SOX2. Embryoid bodies expressing three marker genes were generated from the differentiation experiment, and fibroblast, epithelial, and neuron-like cells were induced. Moreover, naive-related genes KLF4, TBX3, primed-related genes FGF5, ACTA2 were expressed in the cells, but not REX-1. Immunofluorescence and western blot confirmed the FGF5 expression. Furthermore, bESCs could maintain pluripotency with the signal of LIF and bFGF. In summary, our results indicated that expanded blastocyst and hatched blastocyst are more suitable for bESCs isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Qiuyan Ruan
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
- Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Ziyun Ruan
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Zhulian Wu
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Fenghua Lu
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
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Pillai VV, Koganti PP, Kei TG, Gurung S, Butler WR, Selvaraj V. Efficient induction and sustenance of pluripotent stem cells from bovine somatic cells. Biol Open 2021; 10:272681. [PMID: 34719702 PMCID: PMC8565620 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although derivation of naïve bovine embryonic stem cells is unachieved, the possibility for generation of bovine induced pluripotent stem cells (biPSCs) has been generally reported. However, attempts to sustain biPSCs by promoting self-renewal have not been successful. Methods established for maintaining murine and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) do not support self-renewal of iPSCs for any bovid species. In this study, we examined methods to enhance complete reprogramming and concurrently investigated signaling relevant to pluripotency of the bovine blastocyst inner cell mass (ICM). First, we identified that forced expression of SV40 large T antigen together with the reprogramming genes (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and MYC) substantially enhanced the reprogramming efficacy of bovine fibroblasts to biPSCs. Second, we uncovered that TGFβ signaling is actively perturbed in the ICM. Inhibition of ALK4/5/7 to block TGFβ/activin/nodal signaling together with GSK3β and MEK1/2 supported robust in vitro self-renewal of naïve biPSCs with unvarying colony morphology, steady expansion, expected pluripotency gene expression and committed differentiation plasticity. Core similarities between biPSCs and stem cells of the 16-cell-stage bovine embryo indicated a stable ground state of pluripotency; this allowed us to reliably gain predictive understanding of signaling in bovine pluripotency using systems biology approaches. Beyond defining a high-fidelity platform for advancing biPSC-based biotechnologies that have not been previously practicable, these findings also represent a significant step towards understanding corollaries and divergent aspects of bovine pluripotency. This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper. Summary: Pluripotency reprogramming by overcoming the stable epigenome of bovine cells, and uncovering precise early embryo self-renewal mechanisms enables sustenance and expansion of authentic induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viju Vijayan Pillai
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | - Prasanthi P Koganti
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | - Tiffany G Kei
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | - Shailesh Gurung
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | - W Ronald Butler
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | - Vimal Selvaraj
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
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Navarro M, Soto DA, Pinzon CA, Wu J, Ross PJ. Livestock pluripotency is finally captured in vitro. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 32:11-39. [PMID: 32188555 DOI: 10.1071/rd19272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have demonstrated great utility in improving our understanding of mammalian development and continue to revolutionise regenerative medicine. Thanks to the improved understanding of pluripotency in mice and humans, it has recently become feasible to generate stable livestock PSCs. Although it is unlikely that livestock PSCs will be used for similar applications as their murine and human counterparts, new exciting applications that could greatly advance animal agriculture are being developed, including the use of PSCs for complex genome editing, cellular agriculture, gamete generation and invitro breeding schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Navarro
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, 450 Bioletti Way, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Delia A Soto
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, 450 Bioletti Way, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Carlos A Pinzon
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Pablo J Ross
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, 450 Bioletti Way, Davis, CA 95616, USA; and Corresponding author.
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Goszczynski DE, Cheng H, Demyda-Peyrás S, Medrano JF, Wu J, Ross PJ. In vitro breeding: application of embryonic stem cells to animal production†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:885-895. [PMID: 30551176 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from the inner cell mass of preimplantation blastocysts. For decades, attempts to efficiently derive ESCs in animal livestock species have been unsuccessful, but this goal has recently been achieved in cattle. Together with the recent reconstitution of the germ cell differentiation processes from ESCs in mice, these achievements open new avenues for the development of promising technologies oriented toward improving health, animal production, and the environment. In this article, we present a strategy that will notably accelerate genetic improvement in livestock populations by reducing the generational interval, namely in vitro breeding (IVB). IVB combines genomic selection, a widely used strategy for genetically improving livestock, with ESC derivation and in vitro differentiation of germ cells from pluripotent stem cells. We also review the most recent findings in the fields on which IVB is based. Evidence suggests this strategy will be soon within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sebastian Demyda-Peyrás
- Instituto de Genetica Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan F Medrano
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Pablo J Ross
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Qu P, Shen C, Du Y, Qin H, Luo S, Fu S, Dong Y, Guo S, Hu F, Xue Y, Liu E. Melatonin Protects Rabbit Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) Embryos from Electrofusion Damage. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2186. [PMID: 32042116 PMCID: PMC7010831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study’s objectives were to examine the effects of electrofusion on rabbit somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos, and to test melatonin as a protective agent against electrofusion damage to SCNT embryos. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the epigenetic state (H3K9me3), and the content of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated transcripts (IRE-1 and CHOP) were measured. Melatonin was added during the preimplantation development period. The total blastocyst cell numbers were counted, and the fragmentation rate and apoptotic index were determined and used to assess embryonic development. Electrofusion increased (1) ROS levels at the 1-, 2-, 4-, and 8-cell stages; (2) H3K9me3 levels at the 2-, 4-, and 8-cell stage; and (3) the expression of IRE-1 and CHOP at the 8-cell, 16-cell, morula, and blastocyst stages. The treatment of SCNT embryos with melatonin significantly reduced the level of ROS and H3K9me3, and the expression levels of IRE-1 and CHOP. This treatment also significantly reduced the fragmentation rate and apoptotic index of blastocysts and increased their total cell number. In conclusion, the electrofusion of rabbit SCNT embryos induced oxidative stress, disturbed the epigenetic state, and caused ER stress, while melatonin reduced this damage. Our findings are of signal importance for improving the efficiency of SCNT and for optimizing the application of electrical stimulation in other biomedical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Qu
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.,Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Chong Shen
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yue Du
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Hongyu Qin
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Shiwei Luo
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Sixin Fu
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yue Dong
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Shuaiqingying Guo
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Enqi Liu
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China. .,Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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Zhao XM, Cui LS, Hao HS, Wang HY, Zhao SJ, Du WH, Wang D, Liu Y, Zhu HB. Transcriptome analyses of inner cell mass and trophectoderm cells isolated by magnetic-activated cell sorting from bovine blastocysts using single cell RNA-seq. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 51:726-35. [PMID: 27440443 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Research on bovine embryonic stem cells (bESCs) has been hampered because bESCs are cultured in conditions that are based on information obtained from culturing mouse and human inner cell mass (ICM) cells. The aim of this study was to compare gene expression in ICM and trophectoderm (TE) cell lineages of bovine embryos and to discuss the findings relative to information available for mice and humans. We separated a high-purity (>90%) ICM and TE from bovine blastocysts by magnetic-activated cell sorting and analysed their transcriptomes by single cell RNA-seq. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were assessed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. Finally, qRT-PCR was performed to validate the RNA-seq results. From 207 DEGs identified (adjusted p ≤ .05; fold change ≥2), 159 and 48 had greater expression in the ICM and TE cells respectively. We validated 27 genes using qRT-PCR and found their expression patterns were mostly similar to those of RNA-seq, including 12 novel ICM-dominant (HNF4A, CCL24, FGFR4, IFITM3, PTCHD2, GJB5, FN1, KLK7, PRDM14, GRP, FGF19 and GCM1) and two novel TE-dominant (SLC10A1 and WNT4) genes. Bioinformatics analysis showed that these DEGs are involved in many important pathways, such as MAPK and cancer cell pathways, and these pathways have been shown to play essential roles in mouse and human ESCs in the self-renewal and pluripotent maintenance. As a conclusion, there were sufficient differences to allow us to conclude that the control of pluripotency in bovine ICM cells is species-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-M Zhao
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - L-S Cui
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - H-S Hao
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - H-Y Wang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - S-J Zhao
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - W-H Du
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - D Wang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Y Liu
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - H-B Zhu
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China.
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7
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Park YG, Lee SE, Kim EY, Hyun H, Shin MY, Son YJ, Kim SY, Park SP. Effects of Feeder Cell Types on Culture of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell In Vitro. Dev Reprod 2016; 19:119-26. [PMID: 27004268 PMCID: PMC4801015 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2015.19.3.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The suitable feeder cell layer is important for culture of embryonic stem (ES) cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of two kinds of the feeder cell, MEF cells and STO cells, layer to mouse ES (mES) cell culture for maintenance of stemness. We compare the colony formations, alkaline phosphatase (AP) activities, expression of pluripotency marker genes and proteins of D3 cell colonies cultured on MEF feeder cell layer (D3/MEF) or STO cell layers (D3/STO) compared to feeder free condition (D3/-) as a control group. Although there were no differences to colony formations and AP activities, interestingly, the transcripts level of pluripotency marker genes, Pou5f1 and Nanog were highly expressed in D3/MEF (79 and 93) than D3/STO (61and 77) or D3/- (65 and 81). Also, pluripotency marker proteins, NANOG and SOX-2, were more synthesized in D3/MEF (72.8±7.69 and 81.2±3.56) than D3/STO (32.0±4.30 and 56.0±4.90) or D3/- (55.0±4.64 and 62.0±6.20). These results suggest that MEF feeder cell layer is more suitable to mES cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Gwi Park
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Seung-Eun Lee
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; Mirae Cell Bio, Seoul 05066, Korea
| | - Hyuk Hyun
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Min-Young Shin
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Yeo-Jin Son
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Su-Young Kim
- Dept. of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Se-Pill Park
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; Mirae Cell Bio, Seoul 05066, Korea
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Abstract
This review deals with the latest advances in the study of embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from domesticated species, with a focus on pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, cats, and dogs. Whereas the derivation of fully pluripotent ESC from these species has proved slow, reprogramming of somatic cells to iPSC has been more straightforward. However, most of these iPSC depend on the continued expression of the introduced transgenes, a major drawback to their utility. The persistent failure in generating ESC and the dependency of iPSC on ectopic genes probably stem from an inability to maintain the stability of the endogenous gene networks necessary to maintain pluripotency. Based on work in humans and rodents, achievement of full pluripotency will likely require fine adjustments in the growth factors and signaling inhibitors provided to the cells. Finally, we discuss the future utility of these cells for biomedical and agricultural purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Ezashi
- Division of Animal Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; , ,
| | - Ye Yuan
- Division of Animal Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; , ,
| | - R Michael Roberts
- Division of Animal Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; , ,
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Park S, Kim D, Jung YG, Roh S. Thiazovivin, a Rho kinase inhibitor, improves stemness maintenance of embryo-derived stem-like cells under chemically defined culture conditions in cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 161:47-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Harkey MA, Asano A, Zoulas ME, Torok-Storb B, Nagashima J, Travis A. Isolation, genetic manipulation, and transplantation of canine spermatogonial stem cells: progress toward transgenesis through the male germ-line. Reproduction 2013; 146:75-90. [PMID: 23690628 DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The dog is recognized as a highly predictive model for preclinical research. Its size, life span, physiology, and genetics more closely match human parameters than do those of the mouse model. Investigations of the genetic basis of disease and of new regenerative treatments have frequently taken advantage of canine models. However, full utility of this model has not been realized because of the lack of easy transgenesis. Blastocyst-mediated transgenic technology developed in mice has been very slow to translate to larger animals, and somatic cell nuclear transfer remains technically challenging, expensive, and low yield. Spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) transplantation, which does not involve manipulation of ova or blastocysts, has proven to be an effective alternative approach for generating transgenic offspring in rodents and in some large animals. Our recent demonstration that canine testis cells can engraft in a host testis, and generate donor-derived sperm, suggests that SSC transplantation may offer a similar avenue to transgenesis in the canine model. Here, we explore the potential of SSC transplantation in dogs as a means of generating canine transgenic models for preclinical models of genetic diseases. Specifically, we i) established markers for identification and tracking canine spermatogonial cells; ii) established methods for enrichment and genetic manipulation of these cells; iii) described their behavior in culture; and iv) demonstrated engraftment of genetically manipulated SSC and production of transgenic sperm. These findings help to set the stage for generation of transgenic canine models via SSC transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Harkey
- Clinical Research, Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mail Stop D1-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, PO Box 19024, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, USA.
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