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Friedrich RE, Kohlrusch FK, Ricken T, Grimm J, Gosau M, Hahn M, von Kroge S, Hahn J. Nanosecond infrared laser (NIRL) for cutting roots of human teeth: thermal effects and quality of cutting edges. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:227. [PMID: 39207512 PMCID: PMC11362296 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
A nanosecond infrared laser (NIRL) was investigated in cutting dental roots. The focus of the investigation was defining the preparation accuracy and registration of thermal effects during laser application. Ten teeth were processed in the root area using a NIRL in several horizontal, parallel incisions to achieve tooth root ablation as in an apicoectomy. Temperature change was monitored during ablation and the quality of the cutting edges in the roots were studied by means of micro-CT, optical coherence tomography, and histology of decalcified and undecalcified specimens. NIRL produced clearly defined cut surfaces in dental hard tissues. The automated guidance of the laser beam created regular, narrow dentin defects that tapered in a V-shape towards the ablation plane. A biologically significant increase in the temperature of the object and its surroundings did not occur during the laser application. Thermal dentin damage was not detected in histological preparations of treated teeth. Defined areas of the tooth root may be ablated using a NIRL. For clinical translation of NIRL in apicoectomy, it would be necessary to increase energy delivered to hard tissue and develop beam application facilitating beam steering for oral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard E Friedrich
- Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Eppendorf University Hospital, University of Hamburg, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix K Kohlrusch
- Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Eppendorf University Hospital, University of Hamburg, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ricken
- Section Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Center for Diagnostics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian Grimm
- Section Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Center for Diagnostics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Gosau
- Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Eppendorf University Hospital, University of Hamburg, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hahn
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, Eppendorf University Hospital, University of Hamburg, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon von Kroge
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, Eppendorf University Hospital, University of Hamburg, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Hahn
- Section Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Center for Diagnostics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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Vermelho PM, Freitas PM, Reis AF, Giannini M. Influence of Er:YAG laser irradiation settings on dentin-adhesive interfacial ultramorphology and dentin bond strength. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2943-2952. [PMID: 35557015 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of Erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser settings and dentin bonding agents on ultramorphological characteristics of resin-laser-irradiated dentin interfaces and dentin bond strength (BS) of these adhesive systems. Additionally, dentin depth affected by Er:YAG laser irradiations was measured. The experiments were performed on occlusal dentin surfaces of third molars that were flattened with 600-grit SiC sandpaper. Treated-dentin with laser settings (250 mJ/4 Hz and 160 mJ/10 Hz) were the experimental groups, while SiC abraded dentin was the control. These three dentin treatments and three adhesives (two self-etchings and one etch-&-rinse adhesive) formed nine groups for the ultramorphology of laser-ablated dentin-adhesives interfacial analysis, using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). For BS (n = 8), the same nine groups were tested with addition of the two evaluation times (24 h after sample preparation or 1 year). The depths of Er:YAG laser effects into the dentin were measured using a TEM (n = 10). Ablated-dentin depth and BS data were analyzed by one- and three-way ANOVA, respectively, and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Hybrid layer formation was only observed for controls, while for laser-treated dentin, adhesives were bonded to dentin with resin tags formation. Laser settings reduced the BS for all adhesives at 24 h, while at 1 year, etch-&-rinse adhesive presented the highest BS, regardless treatment (control or laser settings). Dentin depth affected by laser settings was similar. The laser irradiation altered the bonding mechanism of the adhesives to dentin and reduced the BS for self-etching adhesives. Etch-&-rinse adhesive yielded the highest BS at 1 year. Laser settings similarly affected the dentin in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Moreira Vermelho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Moreira Freitas
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Figueiredo Reis
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Marcelo Giannini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Marginal Microleakage of Glass Ionomer-Based Restorations After Conventional Cavity Preparation and Er: YAG Laser Irradiation. JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.30621/jbachs.955091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Friedrich RE, Quade M, Jowett N, Kroetz P, Amling M, Kohlrusch FK, Zustin J, Gosau M, SchlÜter H, Miller RJD. Ablation Precision and Thermal Effects of a Picosecond Infrared Laser (PIRL) on Roots of Human Teeth: A Pilot Study Ex Vivo. In Vivo 2021; 34:2325-2336. [PMID: 32871757 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Picosecond infrared laser (PIRL) was investigated regarding its possible therapeutic application in cutting dental roots. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extracted human teeth were processed in the root area by laser ablations followed by histological evaluation. Dentin adjacent to the cutting surface was evaluated morphometrically. RESULTS PIRL produced clearly defined cutting boundaries in dental roots. At the bottom of the cavity, the ablation surface became slightly concave. Heat development in this scantly hydrated tissue was considerable. We attributed the excess heating effects to heat accumulation due to multiple pulse overlap across a limited scan range imposed by tooth geometries. CONCLUSION Defined areas of the tooth root may be treated using the PIRL. For clinical translation, it would be necessary to improve beam delivery to facilitate beam steering for the intended oral application (e.g. by using a fiber) and identify optimal repetition rates/scan speeds combined with cooling techniques to minimize accumulated heat within ablation cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard E Friedrich
- Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Eppendorf University Hospital, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Quade
- Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Eppendorf University Hospital, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nate Jowett
- Otorhinolaryngology, Eppendorf University Hospital, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Mass Eye & Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A.,Atomically Resolved Dynamics Division, Max Planck Research Department for Structural Dynamics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kroetz
- Atomically Resolved Dynamics Division, Max Planck Research Department for Structural Dynamics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, Eppendorf University Hospital, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix K Kohlrusch
- Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Eppendorf University Hospital, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jozef Zustin
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, Eppendorf University Hospital, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Gemeinschaftspraxis Pathologie-Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Gosau
- Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Eppendorf University Hospital, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut SchlÜter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Eppendorf University Hospital, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R J Dwayne Miller
- Atomically Resolved Dynamics Division, Max Planck Research Department for Structural Dynamics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,PIRL Laboratory, Eppendorf University Hospital, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Coelho A, Amaro I, Apolónio A, Paula A, Saraiva J, Ferreira MM, Marto CM, Carrilho E. Effect of Cavity Disinfectants on Adhesion to Primary Teeth-A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4398. [PMID: 33922376 PMCID: PMC8122819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Some authors have been proposing the use of cavity disinfectants in order to reduce, or even eliminate, the effect of the microorganisms present in a dental cavity before a restoration is placed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different cavity disinfectants on bond strength and clinical success of composite and glass ionomer restorations on primary teeth. The research was conducted using Cochrane Library, PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Web of Science for articles published up to February 2021. The search was performed according to the PICO strategy. The evaluation of the methodological quality of each in vitro study was assessed using the CONSORT checklist for reporting in vitro studies on dental materials. Sixteen in vitro studies and one in situ study fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Chlorhexidine was the most studied cavity disinfectant, and its use does not compromise dentin bonding. Sodium hypochlorite is a promising alternative, but more research on its use is required to clearly state that it can safely be used as a cavity disinfectant for primary teeth. Although other disinfectants were studied, there is a low-level evidence attesting their effects on adhesion, therefore their use should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Coelho
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.A.); (A.A.); (A.P.); (J.S.); (E.C.)
- Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.M.F.); (C.M.M.)
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Amaro
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.A.); (A.A.); (A.P.); (J.S.); (E.C.)
| | - Ana Apolónio
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.A.); (A.A.); (A.P.); (J.S.); (E.C.)
| | - Anabela Paula
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.A.); (A.A.); (A.P.); (J.S.); (E.C.)
- Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.M.F.); (C.M.M.)
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Saraiva
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.A.); (A.A.); (A.P.); (J.S.); (E.C.)
| | - Manuel Marques Ferreira
- Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.M.F.); (C.M.M.)
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Endodontics, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Miguel Marto
- Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.M.F.); (C.M.M.)
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biophysics, University of Coimbra, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pathology, University of Coimbra, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eunice Carrilho
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.A.); (A.A.); (A.P.); (J.S.); (E.C.)
- Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.M.F.); (C.M.M.)
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
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Beltrán Bernal LM, Canbaz F, Droneau A, Friederich NF, Cattin PC, Zam A. Optimizing deep bone ablation by means of a microsecond Er:YAG laser and a novel water microjet irrigation system. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:7253-7272. [PMID: 33408994 PMCID: PMC7747909 DOI: 10.1364/boe.408914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The microsecond Er:YAG pulsed laser with a wavelength of λ = 2.94 μm has been widely used in the medical field, particularly for ablating dental tissues. Since bone and dental tissues have similar compositions, consisting of mineralized and rigid structures, the Er:YAG laser represents a promising tool for laserosteotomy applications. In this study, we explored the use of the Er:YAG laser for deep bone ablation, in an attempt to optimize its performance and identify its limitations. Tissue irrigation and the laser settings were optimized independently. We propose an automated irrigation feedback system capable of recognizing the temperature of the tissue and delivering water accordingly. The irrigation system used consists of a thin 50 μm diameter water jet. The water jet was able to penetrate deep into the crater during ablation, with a laminar flow length of 15 cm, ensuring the irrigation of deeper layers unreachable by conventional spray systems. Once the irrigation was optimized, ablation was considered independently of the irrigation water. In this way, we could better understand and adjust the laser parameters to suit our needs. We obtained line cuts as deep as 21 mm without causing any visible thermal damage to the surrounding tissue. The automated experimental setup proposed here has the potential to support deeper and faster ablation in laserosteotomy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina M Beltrán Bernal
- Biomedical Laser and Optics Group (BLOG), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Ferda Canbaz
- Biomedical Laser and Optics Group (BLOG), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - Niklaus F Friederich
- Center of Biomechanics and Biocalorimetry (COB), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Philippe C Cattin
- Center for Medical Image Analysis and Navigation (CIAN), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Azhar Zam
- Biomedical Laser and Optics Group (BLOG), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
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Shamsudeen SM, Thavarajah R, Joshua E, Rao UDK, Kannan R. Evaluating and comparing the morphological and histopathological changes induced by erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser and diamond bur on enamel, dentin and pulp tissue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 10:e12475. [PMID: 31638345 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Lasers are used for different types of dental treatments. Using the erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser to remove dental hard tissue is simple, advantageous and influences the type of cavity preparation, whether conventional or conservative in nature. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the morphological and histopathological changes in the enamel, dentin and pulp tissue of the teeth treated by Er:YAG laser and conventional burs. METHODS A conventional class I cavity was prepared in orthodontic patients by laser and bur. The teeth were extracted and analyzed for morphological changes using a scanning electron microscope, ground sections and histopathological changes under a light microscope. RESULTS The time with laser was longer than the conventional methods. The lased cavity showed irregular appearance with absence of smear layer which is suitable for the resin restoration. The ground section and the histopathological study showed no differences between the groups. CONCLUSION The Er:YAG laser is effective in the removal of dental hard tissue without damaging the pulp when coupled with ideal energy output. It is widely used in different dental fields. It needs time to be accepted by dentist and patients and further studies are required to explore its advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaik Mohamed Shamsudeen
- Department of Dental Diagnostic science and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Elizabeth Joshua
- Department of Oral Pathology, Ragas Dental College, Chennai, India
| | - Uma Devi K Rao
- Department of Oral Pathology, Ragas Dental College, Chennai, India
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Trevelin LT, da Silva BTF, de Freitas PM, Matos AB. Influence of Er:YAG laser pulse duration on the long-term stability of organic matrix and resin-dentin interface. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 34:1391-1399. [PMID: 30762196 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of Er:YAG laser irradiation with different pulse durations on the organic matrix, micromorphology of the hybrid layer (HL), and bond strength over time. Sixty caries-free human molars were cut to obtain flat dentin surfaces which were randomly divided into 4 groups: control (not irradiated-G1) and laser groups (80 mJ/2 Hz) with pulse duration ranging between 50 (G2), 300 (G3), and 600 μs (G4). A self-etch adhesive system (Universal 3M ESPE) was applied on pre-treated dentin surfaces and cylinders of resin composite were built up and stressed in a universal testing machine (μSBS) at 24 h and after12 months (n = 12). In addition, 3 other dentin-bonded specimens were prepared as previously described for each group with the adhesive doped with 0.1 wt% Rhodamine B to analyze hybrid layer morphology under Confocal Laser Microscope Scanning (CLMS). Organic matrix and collagen fibrils were analyzed by second harmonic generation (SGH). Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test detected significantly higher μSBS values for the control group, whereas the lower values were observed in all laser groups at 24 h (p < 0.05). Storage in artificial saliva did not reduce μSBS in all groups. The low signal emitted by SHG images below the irradiated area demonstrated thermal damage of the collagen matrix. CLMS images of laser groups exhibited thicker and irregular resin-dentin interfaces than the control group. Regardless of the pulse duration, Er:YAG laser pre-treatment altered the organic matrix and HL formation which resulted in low μSBS values at 24 h. The alterations on dentin's organic structure did not jeopardize the μSBS after 1 year of saliva storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Tosi Trevelin
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil. .,Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Cruzeiro do Sul, Av. Rua Galvão Bueno, 868, São Paulo, SP, 01506-000, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz Togoro Ferreira da Silva
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Moreira de Freitas
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Adriana Bona Matos
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
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Aljdaimi A, Devlin H, Dickinson M. Effect of the Er: YAG laser on the shear bond strength of conventional glass ionomer and Biodentine™ to dentine. Eur J Dent 2018; 12:380-385. [PMID: 30147403 PMCID: PMC6089046 DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_410_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine if Er: YAG laser etching improves the shear bond strength (SBS) of Biodentin™ and GC Fuji IX® to dentine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty human dentine specimens were standardized and embedded in stone. The specimens were randomized into four groups (n = 10). Twenty samples were treated with the Er: YAG laser radiation and 10 of these restored with GC Fuji IX® and 10 with Biodentine™. The remaining 20 specimens acted as controls (no laser treatment); 10 were restored with GC Fuji IX® and 10 with Biodentin™. All samples were then stored in an incubator at 37.5°C and 100% humidity for 7 days. The SBS was determined using a Zwick universal testing machine. A two-way analysis of variance test was used to evaluate the statistical difference in SBS between the groups. An independent sample t-test was used to determine the statistical significance of differences between control and lased groups within the same material. RESULTS A highly statistically significant difference in SBS was found with the laser treatment (P = 0.0001) and material (i.e., Biodentin™ or Fuji IX® (P = 0.0001). The GC Fuji IX® group recorded the highest mean SBS required to dislodge the material from the laser-treated dentine surface (1.77 ± 0.22 Mega-Pascal [MPa]). The mean SBS of Biodentin™ to dentine following the laser radiation (1.12 ± 0.16 MPa) was significantly greater compared to the nonlased dentine (0.53 ± 0.09). Pearson Chi-square test indicated a nonsignificant relation between shear strength and mode of failure (P = 0.467). CONCLUSION Laser etching of the dentine surfaces yielded a significant increase in the bond strength for both GC Fuji IX® and Biodentin™. The SBS of Biodentin™ to dentine is greater than with conventional glass ionomer (Fuji IX®).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abtesam Aljdaimi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Asmarya University, Zliten, Libya
| | - Hugh Devlin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark Dickinson
- Department of Photon Physics, Photon Science Institute, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, UK
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Chowdhury SR, Marques MM, Franzen R, Pedroni ACF, Trevelin LT, Abe GL, Gutknecht N. Comparative ultrastructural analysis of Er:YAG laser scanner and conventional method for tooth cavity preparation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41547-017-0003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Subramaniam P, Pandey A. Assessment of Microleakage of a Composite Resin Restoration in Primary Teeth Following Class III Cavity Preparation Using Er, Cr: YSGG laser: An In Vitro Study. J Lasers Med Sci 2016; 7:172-176. [PMID: 28144438 PMCID: PMC5262484 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2016.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Marginal seal integrity is important for a successful adhesive dental restoration. Alterations caused by laser irradiation in the enamel and dentin surface can affect the marginal integrity of adhesive restorations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of a composite resin restoration in primary teeth following laser irradiation of enamel and dentin. Methods: Forty freshly extracted sound human primary maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth were used in this study. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups (I and II), with 20 teeth in each. In group I, proximal cavities (Class III) were prepared using an airotor hand -piece and diamond bur. The cavities were etched for 15 seconds with 35% phosphoric acid gel, rinsed with water for 15 seconds, air dried and a bonding agent was applied onto the cavity surfaces and light cured for 20 seconds. The cavities were restored with composite resin and light cured for 40 seconds. In group II, proximal (Class III) cavities were prepared using Erbium, Chromium: Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) (Er,Cr:YSGG) (Biolaseiplus, wave length 2.78 μm). The cavity was then rinsed, air dried and without etching, a bonding agent was applied and light cured for 20 seconds. The cavities were restored in the same manner as that of group I. The treated teeth were mounted on acrylic resin blocks and were subjected to a thermocycling regimen. Following, the teeth were immersed in 2% methylene blue for 24 hours. The teeth were sectioned longitudinally in a bucco-lingual direction using a diamond disc at slow speed. The sections of all the groups were examined under a stereomicroscope for micro-leakage. Results: The mean scores for microleakage in group I was 1.95 ± 1.31 and in group II it was 1.4 ± 1.27. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.882). Conclusion: No significant difference in microleakage was noticed between the composite resin bonded to lased enamel and dentin and the teeth preparedwith conventional method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Subramaniam
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, The Oxford Dental College and Hospital, Hosur Road, Bomanahalli, Bangalore 560068, India
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Galafassi D, Scatena C, Galo R, Curylofo-Zotti FA, Corona SAM, Borsatto MC. Clinical evaluation of composite restorations in Er:YAG laser-prepared cavities re-wetting with chlorhexidine. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:1231-1241. [PMID: 27376544 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1897-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate longitudinally the composite restorations, performed in cavities prepared by Er:YAG or conventional bur, and dentin re-wetting with water or chlorhexidine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty individuals with four active caries with cavitation reaching the dentin located on the occlusal surface of molars counterparts are selected. The teeth of each individual were randomly assigned into four groups: (I) Er:YAG laser (260 mJ/4 Hz) re-wetting with chlorhexidine, (II) Er:YAG laser (260 mJ/4 Hz) re-wetting with deionized water, (III) conventional method re-wetting with chlorhexidine, and (IV) conventional method re-wetting with deionized water. The teeth were isolated, prepared cavities, phosphoric acid etching, and re-wetting according to previously assigned method. Restoration was performed employing the Single Bond 2 and Z350XT resin. Clinical follow-up was held after the polishing of the restoration (baseline) and 6 and 12 months of the making of the restoration using the modified USPHS criteria. The restorations were qualitatively analyzed by means of photographs. In the evaluation period, replicas of the restorations were analyzed by SEM. Data were analyzed by statistics using chi-square test (p < 0.05). RESULTS After 12 months of clinical evaluation, groups prepared with laser and re-wetting with chlorhexidine and water showed the lowest marginal staining value. There was no statistical difference between the groups for other factors. SEM analysis revealed that a non-expressive amount of restorations showed gaps and irregularities of tooth-restoration interface after 6 and 12 months compared to the baseline. CONCLUSION The restorations performed in laser-prepared cavities, regardless of the re-wetting, presented the best clinical performance over the evaluated period. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Laser-prepared teeth, regardless of re-wetting, showed greater resistance to marginal discoloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Galafassi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Meridional College-IMED, Senador Pinheiro, 304, Cruzeiro, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, RS, 99070-220, Brazil
| | - Camila Scatena
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Serra Gaucha College-FSG, Os Dezoito do Forte 2366, São Pelegrino, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, RS, 95020-472, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Galo
- Dentistry Department, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Almeida Curylofo-Zotti
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, São Paulo University, Café Avenue, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, São Paulo University, Café Avenue, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Borsatto
- Clinical Pediatric Dentistry Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, São Paulo University, Café Avenue, s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil.
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Güçlü ZA, Dönmez N, Tüzüner T, Odabaş ME, Hurt AP, Coleman NJ. The impact of Er:YAG laser enamel conditioning on the microleakage of a new hydrophilic sealant--UltraSeal XT hydro. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:705-11. [PMID: 26964797 PMCID: PMC4851705 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-1878-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UltraSeal XT® hydro™ is a new hydrophilic, light-cured, methacrylate-based pit and fissure sealant which has been developed by Ultradent Products, USA. The sealant is highly filled with a 53 wt.% mixture of inorganic particles which confer both thixotropy and radiopacity. The principal purpose of this study was to investigate the microleakage of UltraSeal XT® hydro™ as a function of different enamel etching techniques. The occlusal surfaces of sound, extracted human molars were either acid etched, Er:YAG laser irradiated or successively laser irradiated and acid etched. UltraSeal XT® hydro™ was applied to each group of teeth (n = 10) which were subjected to a thermocycling process consisting of 2500 cycles between 5 and 50 °C with a dwell time of 30 s. Microleakage assessments were then carried out using 0.5 % fuchsin dye and optical microscopy. The microleakage score data were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann–Whitney U test with Bonferroni adjustment. No significant differences in microleakage were noted between the individually acid etched and laser-irradiated groups (p > 0.05); however, teeth treated with a combination of laser irradiation and acid etching demonstrated significantly lower microleakage scores (p < 0.001). Electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis revealed that the mineral filler component of UltraSeal XT® hydro™ essentially comprises micrometre-sized particles of inorganic silicon-, aluminium- and barium-bearing phases. Laser etching increases the roughness of the enamel surface which causes a concentrated zoning of the filler particles at the enamel-sealant interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z A Güçlü
- Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Pedodonti, Erciyes Üniversitesi, ABD 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - N Dönmez
- Bezmialem Vakıf Üniversitesi, Diş Hastalıkları ve Tedavisi, ABD Adnan Menderes Bulvarı Vatan Caddesi, 34093, Fatih, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - T Tüzüner
- Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Pedodonti, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, ABD Kanuni Kampüsü, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - M E Odabaş
- Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dekanlık, Gazi Üniversitesi, Bişkek Caddesi 82 Sokak No:4 06510 Emek, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A P Hurt
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - N J Coleman
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK.
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Femtosecond laser for cavity preparation in enamel and dentin: ablation efficiency related factors. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20950. [PMID: 26864679 PMCID: PMC4750072 DOI: 10.1038/srep20950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the effects of laser fluence (laser energy density), scanning line spacing and ablation depth on the efficiency of a femtosecond laser for three-dimensional ablation of enamel and dentin. A diode-pumped, thin-disk femtosecond laser (wavelength 1025 nm, pulse width 400 fs) was used for the ablation of enamel and dentin. The laser spot was guided in a series of overlapping parallel lines on enamel and dentin surfaces to form a three-dimensional cavity. The depth and volume of the ablated cavity was then measured under a 3D measurement microscope to determine the ablation efficiency. Different values of fluence, scanning line spacing and ablation depth were used to assess the effects of each variable on ablation efficiency. Ablation efficiencies for enamel and dentin were maximized at different laser fluences and number of scanning lines and decreased with increases in laser fluence or with increases in scanning line spacing beyond spot diameter or with increases in ablation depth. Laser fluence, scanning line spacing and ablation depth all significantly affected femtosecond laser ablation efficiency. Use of a reasonable control for each of these parameters will improve future clinical application.
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Franzen R, Kianimanesh N, Marx R, Ahmed A, Gutknecht N. Fracture Forces of Dentin after Surface Treatment with High Speed Drill Compared to Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Irradiation. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2016; 2016:8517947. [PMID: 26962473 PMCID: PMC4745301 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8517947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental tooth restorative procedures may weaken the structural integrity of the tooth, with the possibility of leading to fracture. In this study we present findings of coronal dentin strength after different techniques of surface modification. The fracture strength of dentin beams after superficial material removal with a fine diamond bur high speed drill hand piece, Er:YAG (2.94 μm, 8 J/cm(2)), and Er,Cr:YSGG (2.78 μm, 7.8 J/cm(2)) laser irradiation slightly above the ablation threshold was measured by a four-point bending apparatus. Untreated dentin beams served as a control. A total of 58 dentin beams were manufactured from sterilized human extracted molars using the coronal part of the available dentin. Mean values of fracture strength were calculated as 82.0 ± 27.3 MPa for the control group (n = 10), 104.5 ± 26.3 MPa for high speed drill treatment (n = 10), 96.1 ± 28.1 MPa for Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation (n = 20), and 89.1 ± 36.3 MPa for Er:YAG laser irradiation (n = 18). Independent Student's t-tests showed no significant difference between each two groups (p > 0.05). Within the parameter settings and the limits of the experimental setup used in this study, both lasers systems as well as the high speed drill do not significantly weaken coronal dentin after surface treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Franzen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- AALZ Aachen Dental Laser Center, Center for Biomedical Technology, RWTH Aachen Campus, Pauwelsstrasse 17, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nasrin Kianimanesh
- AALZ Aachen Dental Laser Center, Center for Biomedical Technology, RWTH Aachen Campus, Pauwelsstrasse 17, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Marx
- Medical Material Science, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Asma Ahmed
- AALZ Aachen Dental Laser Center, Center for Biomedical Technology, RWTH Aachen Campus, Pauwelsstrasse 17, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Norbert Gutknecht
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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16
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Trevelin LT, Marques MM, Aranha ACC, Arana-Chavez VE, Matos AB. Effect of super short pulse Er:YAG laser on human dentin-Scanning electron microscopy analysis. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:472-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Tosi Trevelin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Márcia Martins Marques
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | | | | | - Adriana Bona Matos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
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Raucci-Neto W, Raquel Dos Santos C, Augusto de Lima F, Pécora JD, Bachmann L, Palma-Dibb RG. Thermal effects and morphological aspects of varying Er:YAG laser energy on demineralized dentin removal: an in vitro study. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 30:1231-6. [PMID: 24756325 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate thermal changes, dentin ablation removal capacity, and morphological aspects of sound and demineralized human dentin surface irradiated with different output energies of an erbium: yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Er:YAG) laser. Eighty sound human tooth specimens were assigned into two groups: demineralized dentin and sound dentin (control group). The dentin groups were subdivided into four subgroups (n = 10) according to the irradiation energy used (120, 160, 200, or 250 mJ) at a constant frequency level of 6 Hz, in focused mode, and under refrigeration. Quantitative analysis of the sound and carious dentin ablation was performed using light microscopy (LM) by measuring (mm) the remaining demineralized tissue with the Axion Vision™ software. Qualitative analysis was performed using the images obtained with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the temperature increase was recorded with an infrared digital thermometer. The Er:YAG laser promoted a gradual increase in temperature for all groups, and no difference was observed between the sound and demineralized dentin. The groups of 200 and 250 mJ showed the highest values, yet a variation in temperature did not exceed 5 °C. The energy output of 120 mJ selectively removed demineralized tissue when compared to 250 mJ, while also providing more regular surfaces in the cavity preparation. It was concluded that the temperature increase during sound and demineralized dentin removal had a strong positive correlation with the Er:YAG laser energy level output. However, the higher energies used did not present selectivity to the demineralized tissue, and the parameters used did not cause an increase in temperature over 5 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Raucci-Neto
- School of Dentistry, University of Ribeirão Preto-UNAERP, Avenida Constábile Romano, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14096-900, Brazil
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18
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Colucci V, de Souza Gabriel AE, Scatolin RS, Serra MC, Corona SAM. Effect of Er:YAG laser on enamel demineralization around restorations. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 30:1175-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Evaluation of the microleakage of different class V cavities prepared by using Er:YAG laser, ultrasonic device, and conventional rotary instruments with two dentin bonding systems (an in vitro study). Lasers Med Sci 2014; 30:969-75. [PMID: 24445434 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the extent of microleakage in class V cavities prepared with bur, Er:YAG laser, and ultrasonic, hybridized with two different bonding agents ("Single bonding" solvent-free bonding agent and "Swiss TEC SL bond" alcohol-based solvent). Thirty freshly extracted human premolars were divided into three groups (n = 10), on each tooth, two cavities were prepared on the buccal and the lingual surfaces, and each group was subdivided into two subgroups (n = 5). Group 1: 20 cavities were prepared by using Er:YAG laser (500 mJ, 10 Hz, 63.69 J/cm(2)) (subgroup1a: Single bonding was used with 10 cavities; subgroup 1b: Swiss TEC SL bond was used with 10 cavities). Group 2: 20 cavities were prepared by using ultrasonic (subgroup 2a: Single bonding was used with 10 cavities; subgroup 2b: Swiss TEC SL bond was used with 10 cavities). Group 3: 20 cavities were prepared by using burs (subgroup 3a: Single bonding was used with 10 cavities; subgroup 3b: Swiss TEC SL bond was used with 10 cavities). Cavities were restored with a micro-hybrid composite resin. After thermocycling, the specimens were immersed in 2 % methylene blue solution for 4 h and then sectioned in the bucco-lingual direction. Dye penetration was scored based upon the extent of the dye using a stereomicroscope. The two-way ANOVA test and paired t-test revealed no statistically significant differences among the methods of preparation (conventional, laser, and ultrasonic). However, statistical differences were found between the adhesives tested: the "Single bonding", which represented the solvent-free bonding agent, had lower microleakage values than "Swiss TEC SL bond", which represented the alcohol-based bonding agent. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the Erbium:Yttrium-Aluminum Garnet (Er:YAG) laser and ultrasonic are as effective as the conventional method for preparing cavities and the extent of microleakage depends on the type of the bonding agents.
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20
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Galafassi D, Scatena C, Colucci V, Rodrigues-Júnior AL, Campos Serra M, Corona SAM. Long-term chlorhexidine effect on bond strength to Er:YAG laser irradiated-dentin. Microsc Res Tech 2013; 77:37-43. [PMID: 24185754 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the bond strength of dentin prepared with Er:YAG laser or bur, after rewetting with chlorhexidine on long-term artificial saliva storage and thermocycling. One hundred and twenty human third molars were sectioned in order to expose the dentin surface (n = 10). The specimens were randomly divided in 12 groups according to treatment and aging: Er:YAG laser rewetting with deionized water (LW) and 24 h storage in artificial saliva (WC); LW and 6 months of artificial saliva storage + 12.000 thermocycling (6M), LW and 12 months of artificial saliva storage + 24.000 thermocycling (12M), Er:YAG laser rewetting with 2% chlorhexidine (LC) and WC, LC and 6M, LC and 12M, bur on high-speed turbine rewetting with deionized water (TW) and WC, TW6M, TW12M, bur on high-speed turbine + 2% chlorhexidine (TC) and WC, TC and 6M, TC and 12M. The specimens were etched with 35% phosphoric acid, washed, and dried with air. Single Bond 2 adhesive was applied and the samples were restored with a composite. Each tooth was sectioned in order to obtain 4 sticks, which were submitted to microtensile bond strength test (µTBS). The two-way ANOVA, showed no significant differences for the interaction between the factors and for the aging factor. Tukey 5% showed that the LC group had the lowest µTBS. The rewetting with chlorhexidine negatively influenced the bond strength of the preparation with the Er:YAG laser. The artificial saliva aging and thermocycling did not interfere with dentin bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Galafassi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil
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21
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Topcuoglu T, Oksayan R, Ademci KE, Goymen M, Usumez S, Usumez A. Effects of Water Flow Rate on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Bracket Bonded to Enamel Surface After Er:YAG Laser Ablation. Photomed Laser Surg 2013; 31:486-91. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2013.3564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Borsatto MC, Martinelli MG, Contente MMMG, Mellara TDS, Pecora JD, Galo R. Bond Durability of Er:YAG Laser-Prepared Primary Tooth Enamel. Braz Dent J 2013; 24:330-4. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201302217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated in vitro the influence of thermocycling and water storage (WS) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of composite resin in cavities prepared in primary tooth enamel with conventional bur or Er:YAG laser. The test surfaces were obtained from 48 primary molars and randomly assigned to 2 groups (n=24), according to cavity preparation: A: bur-preparation and B: Er:YAG laser irradiation. The specimens were restored with an etch-and-rinse adhesive system and composite resin. Each group was divided into 4 subgroups (n=6) according to WS duration and number of thermal cycles (TCs): I: 24 h WS/no thermocycling; II: 7 days WS/500 TCs; III: 1 month WS/2,000 TCs; IV: 6 months WS/12,000 TCs. The specimens were tested to failure in shear strength at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed statistically by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. SBS means (S.D.) in MPa were: AI: 17.45 (2.03), AII:16.38 (1.49), AIII: 6.88 (0.66), AIV: 7.77 (1.53), BI: 12.32 (0.99), BII: 15.37 (2.24), BIII: 15.05 (2.01) and BIV-5.51 (1.01). WS duration and number of TCs influenced significantly the SBS values only for BIV (p<0.05). AI presented the highest SBS value, which was statistically similar to those of AII, BII and BIII. In conclusion, the adhesion of an etch-and-rinse adhesive to Er:YAG laser-irradiated primary tooth enamel was affected by the methods used to simulate degradation of the adhesive interface only when 6 months WS/12,000 TCs were employed.
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Baraba A, Dukić W, Chieffi N, Ferrari M, Anić I, Miletić I. Influence of different pulse durations of Er:YAG laser based on variable square pulse technology on microtensile bond strength of a self-etch adhesive to dentin. Photomed Laser Surg 2013; 31:116-24. [PMID: 23421630 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2012.3286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength of a composite resin to dentin modified with three different pulse durations of the Er:YAG laser based on variable square pulse technology and with one self-etch adhesive. MATERIALS AND METHODS The entire occlusal enamel was removed to obtain flat dentin surface for 48 human molar teeth. The teeth were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n=12 per group), according to the pretreatment of dentin: (1) control group; (2) super short pulse (SSP) (50 μsec); (3) medium short pulse (MSP) (100 μsec); and (4) short pulse (SP) (300 μsec) with Er:YAG laser. The energy of the laser used was 80 mJ with average power of 0.8 W. The microtensile bond strength was tested with a universal testing machine. Two specimens from each experimental group were subjected to scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination, to observe the irradiated surface. RESULTS Dentin surface treated with SSP showed significantly lower microtensile bond strength values (24±9.8 MPa) in comparison with the control group and SP group (35.3±12.8 and 32.9±10.7 MPa, respectively), (p<0.05). The MSP and SP groups did not show any statistically significant difference in microtensile bond strength in comparsion with the control group (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The use of SP and MSP of the Er:YAG laser with one step self-etch adhesive does not impair or improve the microtensile bond strength in dentin, whereas SSP may not be suitable for dentin surface treatment prior to bonding procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Baraba
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Victoria Torres Toro C, Dos Reis Derceli J, Jendiroba Faraoni-Romano J, Marchi P, Djalma Pécora J, Guenka Palma-Dibb R. The use of an Er:YAG laser to remove demineralized dentin and its influence on dentin permeability. Microsc Res Tech 2012; 76:225-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Victoria Torres Toro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; CEP 14040-904; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
| | - Juliana Dos Reis Derceli
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; CEP 14040-904; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
| | - Juliana Jendiroba Faraoni-Romano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; CEP 14040-904; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
| | - Patricia Marchi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; CEP 14040-904; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
| | - Jesus Djalma Pécora
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; CEP 14040-904; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
| | - Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; CEP 14040-904; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
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Yung FYW, Gutknecht N, Franzen R, Fischer H. Shear strength of composite bonded to Er:YAG laser-prepared enamel: an in vitro comparative study. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 28:879-89. [PMID: 22855382 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The primary objective of this study is to investigate the adhesion properties between four current generations of bonding systems and enamel surface conditioned by Er:YAG laser, using an energy density comparable to the ablation threshold of enamel. By including an energy density comparable to published adhesion studies, the secondary objective is to compare the adhesion effects of these selected laser conditioning parameters on enamel with other similar published studies. MATERIAL AND METHODS Buccal sides of randomly selected human molars (N=117) were prepared and divided into nine experimental groups depending on the generations of bonding system represented by the corresponding number (G4, G5, G6, G7) and the additional laser conditioning on the enamel surface represented by laser etch (LE) and laser etch with a higher pulse energy, followed by acid etch (AE), if required. The bonding resin systems and their specific requirements were applied after the enamel surfaces were laser conditioned following a specific set of laser parameters. Composite posts of 1.6 mm in diameter and approximately 6 mm in length were then restored on each of the sample surfaces. After 48 h, the composite assemblies were tested to failure under compression using a knife edge loading head at a cross head speed of 1 mm/min until the composite cylinders were separated from the surface. The data collected were then analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and SAS software program (9.1, TS1M3). RESULTS No significant difference was found among these groups: AE+G4/LEAE+G4, G6/LE+G6, and G7/LE+G7. Significant differences were found in the remaining groups: AE+G5/LEAE+G5, AE+G5/LEAE-H+G5, and LEAE+G5/LEAE-H+G5. The bond strength results were compared among similar published data and possible influences from different laser parameters, bonding systems, and their combined impact on the enamel surface and its adhesion properties were analyzed. CONCLUSION Under our specific settings, additional laser conditioning after phosphoric acid etch is beneficial to one generation of bonding resin (G5). There is no significant change or detrimental effect to the other three groups (G4, G6, and G7) of bonding resins with respect to their final bond strength. The published reports of lower bond strength after additional laser conditioning may be related to thermal damage or unfavorable alteration to the enamel surface by excessive laser energy and the chemistry of bonding systems studied. These factors will affect the overall wettability and the subsequent adhesion properties of the enamel surface.
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Dilber E, Yavuz T, Kara HB, Ozturk AN. Comparison of the Effects of Surface Treatments on Roughness of Two Ceramic Systems. Photomed Laser Surg 2012; 30:308-14. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2011.3153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Dilber
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Yavuz
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Haluk Baris Kara
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A. Nilgun Ozturk
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Precise ablation of dental hard tissues with ultra-short pulsed lasers. Preliminary exploratory investigation on adequate laser parameters. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 28:171-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1107-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Al-Omari WM, Palamara JE. The effect of Nd:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers on the microhardness of human dentin. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 28:151-6. [PMID: 22526971 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The current investigation determined the microhardness of dentin tissue irradiated with erbium, chromium-doped yttrium scandium gallium garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) and neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers. Thirty non-carious human molars were used in this study. Dentin disks were prepared by horizontal sectioning of one third of the occlusal surface. Halves of dentin specimens were irradiated with 3.5- and 4.5-W Er,Cr:YSGG lasers and with a 2-W Nd:YAG laser. The remaining halves served as controls. The microhardness measurements were recorded with a Vickers surface microhardness tester. The results were statistically evaluated by paired t test and one-way ANOVA (p = 0.05). Laser irradiation has significantly reduced the microhardness of dentin within each group compared to its control. Moreover, statistically significant differences were observed among the different groups (p < 0.05). The 3.5-W Er,Cr:YSGG laser produced the greatest reduction in microhardness of dentin followed by 4.5 W and Nd:YAG laser. The differences between all the groups were statistically significant. It was concluded that both laser devices used in this study have resulted in significant thermal damage and subsequent reduction in dentin microhardness values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael M Al-Omari
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
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Samad-Zadeh A, Harsono M, Belikov A, Shatilova KV, Skripnik A, Stark P, Egles C, Kugel G. The influence of laser-textured dentinal surface on bond strength. Dent Mater 2011; 27:1038-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Brandão CB, Contente MMMG, De Lima FA, Galo R, Corrêa-Afonso AM, Bachmann L, Borsatto MC. Thermal alteration and morphological changes of sound and demineralized primary dentin after Er:YAG laser ablation. Microsc Res Tech 2011; 75:126-32. [PMID: 21761493 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.21034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of Er:YAG laser pulse repetition rate on the thermal alterations occurring during laser ablation of sound and demineralized primary dentin. The morphological changes at the lased areas were examined by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). To this end, 60 fragments of 30 sound primary molars were selected and randomly assigned to two groups (n = 30); namely A sound dentin (control) and B demineralized dentin. Each group was divided into three subgroups (n = 10) according to the employed laser frequencies: I-4 Hz; II-6 Hz, and III-10 Hz. Specimens in group B were submitted to a pH-cycling regimen for 21 consecutive days. The irradiation was performed with a 250 mJ pulse energy in the noncontact and focused mode, in the presence of a fine water mist at 1.5 mL/min, for 15 s. The measured temperature was recorded by type K thermocouples adapted to the dentin wall relative to the pulp chamber. Three samples of each group were analyzed by SEM. The data were submitted to the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test and to qualitative SEM analysis. The results revealed that the temperature increase did not promote any damage to the dental structure. Data analysis demonstrated that in group A, there was a statistically significant difference among all the subgroups and the temperature rise was directly proportional to the increase in frequency. In group B, there was no difference between subgroup I and II in terms of temperature. The superficial dentin observed by SEM displayed irregularities that augmented with rising frequency, both in sound and demineralized tissues. In conclusion, temperature rise and morphological alterations are directly related to frequency increment in both demineralized and sound dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bueno Brandão
- Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Odontologia Preventiva e Social, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP14040-904, Brazil
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The effect of different enamel surface treatments on the microleakage of fissure sealants. Lasers Med Sci 2011; 27:153-60. [PMID: 21476043 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-011-0918-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shahabi S, Bagheri HG, Ramazani K. Tensile bond strength of sealants following Er:YAG laser etching compared to acid etching in permanent teeth. Lasers Med Sci 2011; 27:371-5. [PMID: 21336680 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-010-0869-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the effect of Er:YAG laser surface treatment on the tensile bond strength of a sealant in permanent teeth. A total of 30 sound third molars were selected and embedded in cold-cure acrylic resin. The enamel surfaces were flattened by a grinding. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups and pretreated as follows: (1) 37% phosphoric acid; (2) Er:YAG laser (1.5 ml/min water spray, 100 mJ energy output, 10 Hz frequency, focal distance 17 mm); (3) Er:YAG laser + 37% phosphoric acid. The treated surfaces were isolated by double adhesive Sellotape and after insertion of a split Teflon matrix at an isolated site, sealant was applied. The specimens were thermocycled and stored at 37°C in distilled water for 72 h, then subjected to a tensile bond strength test (50 kgf at 0.5 mm/min). The mean tensile bond strengths (± SD, in megapascals) were: 18.51 ± 5.68 in group 1, 8.06 ± 2.69 in group 2, and 17.33 ± 5.04 in group 3. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and the Tukey test. No significant difference were found between groups 1 (37% phosphoric acid) and group 3 (Er:YAG laser + 37% phosphoric acid) but treatment with the Er:YAG laser alone (group 2) resulted in significantly lower tensile bond strength than seen in the other groups. In this setting, the Er:YAG laser prepared the enamel surface for sealing but did not eliminate the need for acid etching before sealant application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Shahabi
- Laser Research Center in Dentistry (LRCD), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Sancakli HS, Erdemir U, Yildiz E. Effects of Er:YAG laser and air abrasion on the microleakage of a resin-based fissure sealant material. Photomed Laser Surg 2011; 29:485-92. [PMID: 21306230 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2010.2889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different surface pre-treatment techniques on the microleakage of a resin-based fissure sealant material. METHODS Thirty-five molars were divided into the following seven groups based on the surface pre-treatment technique used: (a) Erbium: Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (Er:YAG) laser (7 W); (b) Er:YAG laser (7 W)+acid etching (with 37% phosphoric acid); (c) Er:YAG laser (5.5 W); (d) Er:YAG laser (5.5 W)+acid etching; (e) air abrasion+acid etching; (f) air abrasion; and (g) conventional acid etching. The sealant was placed according to the manufacturers' instructions and light-cured for 20 sec. The sealed teeth were thermocycled for 10,000 cycles (5°-55°C), then immersed in 5% methylene blue for 24 h and sectioned mesiodistally. Each section was analyzed and photographed using a light microscope. Microleakage was assessed quantitatively by the degree of dye penetration and also qualitatively, scored on a three-point rating scale. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS Regardless of the fissure morphology and penetration depth, enamel surfaces conditioned with Er:YAG laser irradiation exhibited significantly higher microleakage than those conditioned with air abrasion followed by acid etching, and those conditioned with conventional acid etching (p < 0.05). Air abrasion followed by acid etching, as well as conventional acid etching, provided a sufficient seal, whereas laser irradiation alone or in combination with acid etching exhibited higher microleakage than did the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Conventional acid etching remains the most effective and the simplest technique.
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M. Jawad M, AbdulQader ST, Zaidan B, Zaidan A, AbdulQader IT, Naji A. An Overview: Laser Applications in Dentistry. INT J PHARMACOL 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2011.189.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Karaarslan ES, Secilmis A, Bulbul M, Yildirim C, Usumez A. Temperature Increase Beneath Etched Dentin Discs During Composite Polymerization. Photomed Laser Surg 2011; 29:47-52. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2009.2713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Asli Secilmis
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bulbul
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Cihan Yildirim
- Department of Endodontics, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Aslihan Usumez
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Zhang S, Chen T, Ge LH. Scanning electron microscopy study of cavity preparation in deciduous teeth using the Er:YAG laser with different powers. Lasers Med Sci 2010; 27:141-4. [PMID: 21069407 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-010-0854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) we evaluated the morphology of cavity surfaces in deciduous teeth prepared in vitro with the Er:YAG laser with different power parameters. Eight extracted cavity-free deciduous teeth with an intact crown were prepared using a traditional handpiece or an Er:YAG laser with different parameters (10 Hz/200 mJ, 10 Hz/300 mJ and 10 Hz/400 mJ). Samples were then processed and cavity surface morphology was evaluated by SEM to detect open dentinal tubules, or melting or cracking of the dentin. SEM showed that laser cavity preparation in deciduous teeth using different parameters left no smear layer and the dentinal tubules were clear. Dentin melting was not seen after cavity preparation at 200 mJ or 300 mJ, while visible dentin melting and cracks were detected at 400 mJ. The use of the laser at 10 Hz/200 mJ and 10 Hz/300 mJ for cavity preparation in deciduous teeth is safe and effective, but higher powers may damage the dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Comparison of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser with a chemical vapour deposition bur and conventional techniques for cavity preparation: a microleakage study. Lasers Med Sci 2010; 27:23-9. [PMID: 20842517 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-010-0833-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser using chemical vapour deposition (CVD) bur cavity preparation with conventional preparation methods including a diamond bur and a carbide bur on the microleakage with two different adhesive systems. A total of 40 extracted human premolars were randomly assigned to four experimental groups according to the cavity preparation technique: group I diamond bur (Diatech); group II carbide bur (Diatech); group III Er,Cr:YSGG laser (Biolase Millennium II); and group IV CVD bur (CVDentUS). Using the different preparation techniques, Class V standardized preparations were performed on the buccal and lingual surfaces with gingival margins on the dentin and occlusal margins on the enamel. Each preparation group was randomly assigned to two subgroups (five teeth, ten preparations) according to the type of adhesive: an etch-and-rinse adhesive (Adper Single Bond), and a single-step self-etch adhesive (AdheSE One). All preparations were restored with a nanohybrid composite resin in a single increment. Following thermocycling (×500; 5-55°C), the teeth were immersed in basic fuchsin and sectioned in the orovestibular direction. Dye penetration was evaluated under a light microscope by two blinded examiners. Data were statistically analysed with the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the preparation techniques with either of the two adhesive systems (p>0.05). Comparing the enamel and dentin leakage scores within each group, no statistically significant differences were found (p>0.05). The Er,Cr:YSGG laser cavity preparation did not differ from preparation with CVD, diamond or carbide bur in terms of microleakage with the different adhesive systems.
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Shear strength of the bond to primary dentin: influence of Er:YAG laser irradiation distance. Lasers Med Sci 2010; 26:293-7. [PMID: 20361347 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-010-0776-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2008] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess in vitro the influence of Er:YAG laser irradiation distance on the shear strength of the bond between an adhesive restorative system and primary dentin. A total of 60 crowns of primary molars were embedded in acrylic resin and mechanically ground to expose a flat dentin surface and were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 10). The control group was etched with 37% phosphoric acid. The remaining five groups were irradiated (80 mJ, 2 Hz) at different irradiation distances (11, 12, 16, 17 and 20 mm), followed by acid etching. An adhesive agent (Single Bond) was applied to the bonding sites, and resin cylinders (Filtek Z250) were prepared. The shear bond strength tests were performed in a universal testing machine (0.5 mm/min). Data were submitted to statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test (p<0.05). The mean shear bond strengths were: 7.32 ± 3.83, 5.07 ± 2.62, 6.49 ± 1.64, 7.71 ± 0.66, 7.33 ± 0.02, and 9.65 ± 2.41 MPa in the control group and the groups irradiated at 11, 12, 16, 17, and 20 mm, respectively. The differences between the bond strengths in groups II and IV and between the bond strengths in groups II and VI were statistically significant (p<0.05). Increasing the laser irradiation distance resulted in increasing shear strength of the bond to primary dentin.
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de Oliveira Ortolan AS, Torres CP, Gomes-Silva JM, de Menezes-Oliveira MAH, Pécora JD, Palma-Dibb RG, Borsatto MC. Effect of erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser parameters on ablation capacity and morphology of primary dentin. Photomed Laser Surg 2010; 27:885-90. [PMID: 20035602 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2008.2358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ablation capacity of different energies and pulse repetition rates of an erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser on primary dentin by assessing mass loss and to analyze the surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). BACKGROUND DATA Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of the Er:YAG laser to ablate dentin substrate. METHODS Forty-eight sound primary molars were bisected in the mesiodistal direction. The dentin surfaces were flattened, and initial mass (mg) was obtained. A 4-mm2 area was delimited. Specimens were randomly assigned to 12 groups according to the combination of energy (160, 200, 250, and 300 mJ) and pulse repetition rate (2, 3, and 4 Hz). Er:YAG laser irradiation was performed for 20 s. After irradiation, the final mass was obtained, and specimens were prepared for SEM. The data obtained by subtracting the final mass from the initial mass were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey test (alpha=0.05). RESULTS The pulse repetition rate of 4 Hz provided greater mass loss, and it was different from 2 Hz and 3 HZ. The energy of 300 mJ resulted in greater mass loss, similar to 200 and 160 mJ. SEM micrographs showed dentinal tubule obliteration, structural alterations, and the presence of cracked areas in all specimens. CONCLUSION The settings of 160, 200, and 250 mJ at 2 and 3 Hz promoted a good ablation rate with fewer surface alterations in primary dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Soares de Oliveira Ortolan
- Department of Pediatric Clinic, Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Yaman BC, Efes BG, Dörter C, Gömeç Y, Erdilek D, Yazıcıoğlu O. Microleakage of repaired class V silorane and nano-hybrid composite restorations after preparation with erbium:yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser and diamond bur. Lasers Med Sci 2010; 26:163-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-010-0755-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Shahabi S, Zendedel S. Atomic analysis and hardness measurement of the cavity prepared by laser. Lasers Med Sci 2009; 25:379-83. [PMID: 19575263 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-009-0692-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2008] [Accepted: 04/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the compositional changes and microhardness of the cavity floor prepared by erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser irradiation with those of the conventional bur-prepared cavity. A total of 16 extracted human molar teeth (with no carious lesions or repairs) were selected for this study. On the buccal and lingual (palatal) surfaces of each tooth, cavities (diameter 3 mm, depth 2 mm) were prepared with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser system (Waterlase MD(TM), USA) and high-speed turbine. The cavities were cross-sectioned and subjected to atomic analysis by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX) and Vickers hardness test. Statistical analyses were performed with t-tests. Surface characteristics of the prepared cavities were also investigated by SEM. No significant differences were found between the calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P) ratio and Vickers hardness of laser- and bur-prepared cavities. The SEM observation revealed that the lased cavity surface was irregular, and there was also an absence of smear layer; the orifices of dentinal tubules were exposed. Microhardness measurement of the cavity floor confirmed that the Er,Cr:YSGG laser produced a clean-cut surface of the cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Shahabi
- School of Dentistry/Laser Research Center, Research Center for Science and Technology In Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
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Use of the erbium, chromium:yttrium–scandium–gallium–garnet laser on human enamel tissues. Influence of the air–water spray on the laser–tissue interaction: scanning electron microscope evaluations. Lasers Med Sci 2009; 25:793-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-009-0689-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Souza-Gabriel AE, Chinelatti MA, Borsatto MC, Pécora JD, Palma-Dibb RG, Corona SAM. SEM analysis of enamel surface treated by Er:YAG laser: influence of irradiation distance. Microsc Res Tech 2009; 71:536-41. [PMID: 18512739 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depending on the distance of laser tip to dental surface a specific morphological pattern should be expected. However, there have been limited reports that correlate the Er:YAG irradiation distance with dental morphology. PURPOSE To assess the influence of Er:YAG laser irradiation distance on enamel morphology, by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). METHODS Sixty human third molars were employed to obtain discs (approximately =1 mm thick) that were randomly assigned to six groups (n=10). Five groups received Er:YAG laser irradiation (80 mJ/2 Hz) for 20 s, according to the irradiation distance: 11, 12, 14, 16, or 17 mm and the control group was treated with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 s. The laser-irradiated discs were bisected. One hemi-disc was separated for superficial analysis without subsequent acid etching, and the other one, received the phosphoric acid for 15 s. Samples were prepared for SEM. RESULTS Laser irradiation at 11 and 12 mm provided an evident ablation of enamel, with evident fissures and some fused areas. At 14, 16 and 17 mm the superficial topography was flatter than in the other distances. The subsequent acid etching on the lased-surface partially removed the disorganized tissue. CONCLUSIONS Er:YAG laser in defocused mode promoted slight morphological alterations and seems more suitable for enamel conditioning than focused irradiation. The application of phosphoric acid on lased-enamel surface, regardless of the irradiation distance, decreased the superficial irregularities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Souza-Gabriel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Lepri TP, Souza-Gabriel AE, Atoui JA, Palma-Dibb RG, Pécora JD, Milori Corona SA. Shear bond strength of a sealant to contaminated-enamel surface: influence of erbium : yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser pretreatment. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2009; 20:386-92; discussion 393-4. [PMID: 19120785 DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8240.2008.00214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary contamination is one of the factors that can disturb the sealing process and interfere in the longevity of pit and fissure sealants. Erbium : yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er : YAG) laser could influence the bond strength of enamel and increase the acid resistance. PURPOSE To evaluate the influence of Er : YAG laser on the shear bond strength of a sealant to a salivary contaminated enamel surface. METHODS Twenty-four third molars had the roots sectioned 2 mm coronal to the cementoenamel junction. The crowns were mesiodistally sectioned providing 48 halves that were embedded in polyester resin. Enamel was flattened and a 2-mm diameter bonding area was demarcated. Specimens were randomly assigned to two groups according to the superficial pretreatment-37% phosphoric acid (A) and Er : YAG laser (80 mJ/2 Hz) + phosphoric acid (L), which were subdivided into two groups (N = 12), without salivary contamination (C) and with salivary contamination (SC). To contaminate the specimens, 0.25 mL of human fresh saliva was applied for 20 seconds and then dried. Fluroshield sealant was applied in all specimens. After storage, shear bond strength of samples were tested in a universal testing machine. RESULTS Means in MPa were: AC-14.61 (+/-2.52); ASC-6.66 (+/-2.34); LC-11.91 (+/-1.34); and LSC-2.22 (+/-0.66). Statistical analysis revealed that surfaces without salivary contamination and with acid treatment had the highest mean (p < 0.05). The group with salivary contamination treated by Er : YAG laser followed by phosphoric acid application presented the lowest bond values (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The phosphoric acid etching under dry condition yielded better bonding performance. Er : YAG laser was not able to increase the effectiveness of conventional acid etching of enamel in the bond of sealants in both dry and wet conditions. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Under the conditions of this study, the conventional etching protocol (phosphoric acid without salivary contamination) is still preferable to laser-conditioning enamel surface prior to sealant application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taísa Penazzo Lepri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paolo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Borsatto MC, Torres CP, Chinelatti MA, Pécora JD, Corona SAM, Palma-Dibb RG. Effect of Er:YAG Laser Parameters on Ablation Capacity and Morphology of Primary Enamel. Photomed Laser Surg 2009; 27:253-60. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2007.2185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Borsatto
- Department of Pediatrics, Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carolina Paes Torres
- Department of Pediatrics, Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Michele Alexandra Chinelatti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jesus Djalma Pécora
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb
- Department of Pediatrics, Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Sasaki LH, Lobo PDC, Moriyama Y, Watanabe IS, Villaverde AB, Tanaka CSI, Moriyama EH, Brugnera A. Tensile bond strength and SEM analysis of enamel etched with Er:YAG laser and phosphoric acid: a comparative study in vitro. Braz Dent J 2009; 19:57-61. [PMID: 18438561 DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402008000100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Er:YAG laser has been studied as a potential tool for restorative dentistry due to its ability to selectively remove oral hard tissue with minimal or no thermal damage to the surrounding tissues. The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the tensile bond strength (TBS) of an adhesive/composite resin system to human enamel surfaces treated with 37% phosphoric acid, Er:YAG laser (lambda=2.94 microm) with a total energy of 16 J (80 mJ/pulse, 2Hz, 200 pulses, 250 ms pulse width), and Er:YAG laser followed by phosphoric acid etching. Analysis of the treated surfaces was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess morphological differences among the groups. TBS means (in MPa) were as follows: Er:YAG laser + acid (11.7 MPa) > acid (8.2 MPa) > Er:YAG laser (6.1 MPa), with the group treated with laser+acid being significantly from the other groups (p=0.0006 and p= 0.00019, respectively). The groups treated with acid alone and laser alone were significantly different from each other (p=0.0003). The SEM analysis revealed morphological changes that corroborate the TBS results, suggesting that the differences in TBS means among the groups are related to the different etching patterns produced by each type of surface treatment. The findings of this study indicate that the association between Er:YAG laser and phosphoric acid can be used as a valuable resource to increase bond strength to laser-prepared enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis H Sasaki
- Departament of Prosthodontics, Bandeirante University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Possibility of root canal preparation by Er:YAG laser. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 107:e47-55. [PMID: 19101483 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Revised: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Raucci-Neto W, Chinelatti MA, Palma-Dibb RG. Ablation Rate and Morphology of Superficial and Deep Dentin Irradiated with Different Er:YAG Laser Energy Levels. Photomed Laser Surg 2008; 26:523-9. [PMID: 19099384 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2007.2201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Raucci-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michelle Alexandra Chinelatti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Chinelatti MA, Raucci-Neto W, Corona SAM, Palma-Dibb RG. Effect of erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser energies on superficial and deep dentin microhardness. Lasers Med Sci 2008; 25:317-24. [PMID: 18982403 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-008-0618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the microhardness of superficial and deep dentin irradiated with different erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser energies. Seventy-two molars were bisected and randomly assigned to two groups (superficial dentin or deep dentin) and into six subgroups (160 mJ, 200 mJ, 260 mJ, 300 mJ, 360 mJ, and control). After irradiation, the cavities were longitudinally bisected. Microhardness was measured at six points (20 microm, 40 microm, 60 microm, 80 microm, 100 microm, and 200 microm) under the cavity floor. Data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Fisher's tests (alpha = 0.05). Superficial dentin presented higher microhardness than deep dentin; energy of 160 mJ resulted in the highest microhardness and 360 mJ the lowest one. Values at all points were different, exhibiting increasing microhardness throughout; superficial dentin microhardness was the highest at 20 microm with 160 mJ energy; for deep dentin, microhardness after irradiation at 160 mJ and 200 mJ was similar to that of the control. The lowest energy increased superficial dentin microhardness at the closest extent under the cavity; deep dentin microhardness was not altered by energies of 160 mJ and 200 mJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Alexandra Chinelatti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, 14040-904, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Chimello DT, Serra MC, Rodrigues AL, Pécora JD, Corona SA. Influence of cavity preparation with Er:YAG Laser on enamel adjacent to restorations submitted to cariogenic challenge in situ: A polarized light microscopic analysis. Lasers Surg Med 2008; 40:634-43. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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