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Ozturk S. Molecular determinants of the meiotic arrests in mammalian oocytes at different stages of maturation. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:547-571. [PMID: 35072590 PMCID: PMC8942507 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2026704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian oocytes undergo two rounds of developmental arrest during maturation: at the diplotene of the first meiotic prophase and metaphase of the second meiosis. These arrests are strictly regulated by follicular cells temporally producing the secondary messengers, cAMP and cGMP, and other factors to regulate maturation promoting factor (composed of cyclin B1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1) levels in the oocytes. Out of these normally appearing developmental arrests, permanent arrests may occur in the oocytes at germinal vesicle (GV), metaphase I (MI), or metaphase II (MII) stage. This issue may arise from absence or altered expression of the oocyte-related genes playing key roles in nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation. Additionally, the assisted reproductive technology (ART) applications such as ovarian stimulation and in vitro culture conditions both of which harbor various types of chemical agents may contribute to forming the permanent arrests. In this review, the molecular determinants of developmental and permanent arrests occurring in the mammalian oocytes are comprehensively evaluated in the light of current knowledge. As number of permanently arrested oocytes at different stages is increasing in ART centers, potential approaches for inducing permanent arrests to obtain competent oocytes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saffet Ozturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
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2
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Benc M, Strejcek F, Morovic M, Bartkova A, Murin M, Gad A, Bonnet-Garnier A, Percinic FP, Laurincik J. Improving the Quality of Oocytes with the Help of Nucleolotransfer Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040328. [PMID: 33918523 PMCID: PMC8066131 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleolus is an important nucleus sub-organelle found in almost all eukaryotic cells. On the one hand, it is known as a differentiated active site of ribosome biogenesis in somatic cells, but on the other hand, in fully grown oocytes, zygotes, and early embryos (up to the major embryonic genome activation), it is in the form of a particular homogenous and compact structure called a fibrillar sphere. Nowadays, thanks to recent studies, we know many important functions of this, no doubt, interesting membraneless nucleus sub-organelle involved in oocyte maturation, embryonic genome activation, rRNA synthesis, etc. However, many questions are still unexplained and remain a mystery. Our aim is to create a comprehensive overview of the recent knowledge on the fibrillar sphere and envision how this knowledge could be utilized in further research in the field of biotechnology and nucleolotransfer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Benc
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nabrezie mladeze 91, 94974 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.B.); (M.M.); (A.B.); (J.L.)
| | - Frantisek Strejcek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nabrezie mladeze 91, 94974 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.B.); (M.M.); (A.B.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-037-6408-584
| | - Martin Morovic
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nabrezie mladeze 91, 94974 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.B.); (M.M.); (A.B.); (J.L.)
| | - Alexandra Bartkova
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nabrezie mladeze 91, 94974 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.B.); (M.M.); (A.B.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic; (M.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Matej Murin
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic; (M.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Ahmed Gad
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic; (M.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Amelie Bonnet-Garnier
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France;
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Florina Popovska Percinic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, St. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia;
| | - Jozef Laurincik
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nabrezie mladeze 91, 94974 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.B.); (M.M.); (A.B.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic; (M.M.); (A.G.)
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3
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Liu H, Muhammad T, Guo Y, Li M, Sha Q, Zhang C, Liu H, Zhao S, Zhao H, Zhang H, Du Y, Sun K, Liu K, Lu G, Guo X, Sha J, Fan H, Gao F, Chen Z. RNA-Binding Protein IGF2BP2/IMP2 is a Critical Maternal Activator in Early Zygotic Genome Activation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900295. [PMID: 31406667 PMCID: PMC6685478 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A number of genes involved in zygotic genome activation (ZGA) have been identified, but the RNA-binding maternal factors that are directly related to ZGA in mice remain unclear. The present study shows that maternal deletion of Igf 2bp2 (also commonly known as Imp2) in mouse embryos causes early embryonic developmental arrest in vitro at the 2-cell-stage. Transcriptomics and proteomics analyses of 2-cell-stage embryos in mice reveal that deletion of IMP2 downregulates the expression of Ccar1 and Rps14, both of which are required for early embryonic developmental competence. IGF2, a target of IMP2, when added in culture media, increases the proportion of wild-type embryos that develop successfully to the blastocyst stage: from 29% in untreated controls to 65% (50 × 10-9 m IGF2). Furthermore, in an experiment related to embryo transfer, foster mothers receiving IGF2-treated embryos deliver more pups per female than females who receive untreated control embryos. In clinically derived human oocytes, the addition of IGF2 to the culture media significantly enhances the proportion of embryos that develop successfully. Collectively, the findings demonstrate that IMP2 is essential for the regulation and activation of genes known to be involved in ZGA and reveal the potential embryonic development-related utility of IGF2 for animal biotechnology and for assisted reproduction in humans.
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4
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Oocyte-expressed yes-associated protein is a key activator of the early zygotic genome in mouse. Cell Res 2016; 26:275-87. [PMID: 26902285 PMCID: PMC4783469 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2016.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In early mammalian embryos, the genome is transcriptionally quiescent until the zygotic genome activation (ZGA) which occurs 2-3 days after fertilization. Despite a long-standing effort, maternal transcription factors regulating this crucial developmental event remain largely elusive. Here, using maternal and paternal mouse models of Yap1 deletion, we show that maternally accumulated yes-associated protein (YAP) in oocyte is essential for ZGA. Maternal Yap1-knockout embryos exhibit a prolonged two-cell stage and develop into the four-cell stage at a much slower pace than the wild-type controls. Transcriptome analyses identify YAP target genes in early blastomeres; two of which, Rpl13 and Rrm2, are required to mediate maternal YAP's effect in conferring developmental competence on preimplantation embryos. Furthermore, the physiological YAP activator, lysophosphatidic acid, can substantially improve early development of wild-type, but not maternal Yap1-knockout embryos in both oviduct and culture. These observations provide insights into the mechanisms of ZGA, and suggest potentials of YAP activators in improving the developmental competence of cultured embryos in assisted human reproduction and animal biotechnology.
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Fulka J, Langerova A, Loi P, Ptak G, Albertini D, Fulka H. The ups and downs of somatic cell nucleus transfer (SCNT) in humans. J Assist Reprod Genet 2013; 30:1055-8. [PMID: 23881160 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-013-0053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving successful somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in the human and subhuman primate relative to other mammals has been questioned for a variety of technical and logistical issues. Here we summarize the gradual evolution of SCNT technology from the perspective of oocyte quality and cell cycle status that has recently led to the demonstration of feasibility in the human for deriving chromosomally normal stem cells lines. With these advances in hand, prospects for therapeutic cloning must be entertained in a conscientious, rigorous, and timely fashion before broad spectrum clinical applications are undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Fulka
- Institute of Animal Science, 104 00, Prague 10, Czech Republic,
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6
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NAKAGAWA S, MAEDOMARI N, KIKUCHI K, NAGAI T, MIYANO T, FULKA JR J, MANABE N. Vitrification of Fully Grown and Growing Porcine Oocytes Using Germinal Vesicle Transfer. J Reprod Dev 2011; 57:335-41. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.10-177h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shoma NAKAGAWA
- Animal Resource Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
- Institute of Animal Science
| | - Naoki MAEDOMARI
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University
| | - Kazuhiro KIKUCHI
- Division of Animal Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences
| | - Takashi NAGAI
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science
| | - Takashi MIYANO
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
| | | | - Noboru MANABE
- Animal Resource Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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7
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Bredenoord AL, Dondorp W, Pennings G, De Wert G. Nuclear transfer to prevent mitochondrial DNA disorders: revisiting the debate on reproductive cloning. Reprod Biomed Online 2010; 22:200-7. [PMID: 21169063 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical experiments are currently performed to examine the feasibility of several types of nuclear transfer to prevent mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) disorders. Whereas the two most promising types of nuclear transfer to prevent mtDNA disorders, spindle transfer and pronuclear transfer, do not amount to reproductive cloning, one theoretical variant, blastomere transfer does. This seems the most challenging both technically and ethically. It is prohibited by many jurisdictions and also the scientific community seems to avoid it. Nevertheless, this paper examines the moral acceptability of blastomere transfer as a method to prevent mtDNA disorders. The reason for doing so is that most objections against reproductive cloning refer to reproductive adult cloning, while blastomere transfer would amount to reproductive embryo cloning. After clarifying this conceptual difference, this paper examines whether the main non-safety objections brought forward against reproductive cloning also apply in the context of blastomere transfer. The conclusion is that if this variant were to become safe and effective, dismissing it because it would involve reproductive cloning is unjustified. Nevertheless, as it may lead to more complex ethical appraisals than the other variants, researchers should initially focus on the development of the other types of nuclear transfer to prevent mtDNA disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Bredenoord
- Maastricht University and University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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8
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FULKA H, LANGEROVA A, BARNETOVA I, NOVAKOVA Z, MOSKO T, FULKA, JR J. How to Repair the Oocyte and Zygote? J Reprod Dev 2009; 55:583-7. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.09-085h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Josef FULKA, JR
- Institute of Animal Science
- Center for Cell Therapy and Tissue Repair
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9
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Franciosi F, Perazzoli F, Lodde V, Modina SC, Luciano AM. Developmental competence of gametes reconstructed by germinal vesicle transplantation from fresh and cryopreserved bovine oocytes. Fertil Steril 2008; 93:229-38. [PMID: 18976992 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Revised: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 09/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of fresh or frozen bovine oocytes as an animal model for reconstructing artificial gametes by germinal vesicle transplantation (GVT), to study nucleocytoplasmic interaction and define clinical procedures for ooplasm donation in humans. DESIGN Prospective experimental study. SETTING University-based experimental laboratory. ANIMAL(S) Bovine oocytes from slaughterhouse ovaries. INTERVENTION(S) A total of 446 gametes were reconstructed from fresh immature oocytes; nuclear and cytoplasmic competencies were analyzed through the assessment of meiotic progression and cytoskeleton reorganization; embryonic developmental capability was evaluated after parthenogenetic activation of metaphase II (MII) reconstructed oocytes. Furthermore, the distribution of mitochondria in karyoplast and cytoplast in grafted oocytes was studied. Finally, meiotic and developmental competencies were determined in 199 gametes reconstructed from vitrified immature oocytes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Maturational and developmental rate of reconstructed oocytes, cytoskeleton organization, and mitochondrial distribution. RESULT(S) Gametes reconstructed from either fresh or cryopreserved immature oocytes showed similar meiotic competence (41.6% vs. 37.7%, respectively). All reconstituted oocytes that reached MII displayed a normal distribution of cytoskeletal elements. Embryonic developmental capability was higher in oocytes derived from fresh than from cryopreserved gametes (30.8% vs. 8.1%, respectively). Finally, oocyte centrifugation was effective in obtaining karyoplasts with <5% of mitochondria. CONCLUSION(S) Cows can provide a suitable organism model to develop GVT technique in both research and clinical settings as well as in fertility preservation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Franciosi
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Luciano AM, Franciosi F, Lodde V, Perazzoli F, Slezáková M, Modina S. Cryopreservation of immature bovine oocytes to reconstruct artificial gametes by germinal vesicle transplantation. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 44:480-8. [PMID: 18992089 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Joining immature gamete cryopreservation and germinal vesicle transplantation (GVT) technique could greatly improve assisted reproductive technologies in animal breeding and human medicine. The present work was aimed to assess the most suitable cryopreservation protocol between slow freezing and vitrification for immature denuded bovine oocytes, able to preserve both nuclear and cytoplasmic competence after thawing. In addition, the outcome of germinal vesicle transfer procedure and gamete reconstruction was tested on the most effective cryopreservation system. Oocytes, isolated from slaughterhouse ovaries, were stored after cumulus cells removal either by slow freezing or by vitrification in open pulled straws. After thawing, oocytes were matured for 24 h in co-culture with an equal number of just isolated intact cumulus enclosed oocytes, and fixed in order to evaluate the stage of meiotic progression and cytoskeleton organization. Our results showed that after warming, vitrified oocytes reached metaphase II (MII) in a percentage significantly higher than oocytes cryopreserved by slow freezing (76.2% and 36.5% respectively, p < 0.05). Moreover, vitrification process preserved the organization of cytoskeleton elements in a higher proportion of oocytes than slow freezing procedure. Therefore vitrification has been identified as the elective method for denuded immature oocytes banking and it has been applied in the second part of the study. Our results showed that 38.3% of oocytes reconstructed from vitrified gametes reached the MII of meiotic division, with efficiency not different from oocytes reconstructed with fresh gametes. We conclude that vitrification represents a suitable method of GV stage denuded oocyte banking since both nuclear and cytoplasmic components derived from cryopreserved immature oocytes can be utilized for GVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Luciano
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, Milan, Italy.
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Fulka J, Fulka H, John JCS. Transmission of Mitochondrial DNA Disorders: Possibilities for The Elimination of Mutated Mitochondria. CLONING AND STEM CELLS 2007; 9:47-50. [PMID: 17386013 DOI: 10.1089/clo.2006.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The recent article by D.T. Brown et al. (2006) discusses the transmission of mitochondrial DNA disorders. In the second part, the authors describe certain techniques that can be potentially used to eliminate the transmission of mutated mtDNA from mother to offspring. It is our opinion that this brief account needs broader explanation. Moreover, some approaches mentioned are not always correctly interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Fulka
- Center for Cell Therapy and Tissue Repair, VUZV Labs., Prague, Czech Republic.
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Harvey AJ, Gibson TC, Quebedeaux TM, Brenner CA. Impact of Assisted Reproductive Technologies: A Mitochondrial Perspective of Cytoplasmic Transplantation. Curr Top Dev Biol 2007; 77:229-49. [PMID: 17222706 DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2153(06)77009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Many of the assisted reproductive techniques associated with maternal aging, disease states, or implantation failure aim to correct poor developmental capacity. These techniques are highly invasive and require the exchange of nuclear or cytoplasmic material from a donor oocyte to compensate for deficiencies inherent in the affected individual. These techniques are based on the assumption that the cytoplasm of the donor oocyte can effectively substitute the necessary component(s) to enable development to proceed. Several studies have attempted to inject cytoplasm from "normal" (young) donors, into aged eggs, again assuming that beneficial components of the cytoplasm are transferred to restore developmental capacity. These invasive assisted reproduction technology (ART) procedures aim to eliminate chromosomal abnormalities, improve the quality of oocytes deficient in some important cytoplasmic factors necessary for maturation and/or subsequent development, and eliminate maternally inherited diseases (particularly mitochondrial myopathies). However, in order to develop such ART, understanding the processes involving mitochondrial DNA replication and transcription is imperative, as asynchrony between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes may cause problems in mitochondrial function, localization, and biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Harvey
- Department of Biology, University of New Orleans New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, USA
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Fulka H, Fulka J. The Use of Micromanipulation Methods as a Tool to Prevention of Transmission of Mutated Mitochondrial DNA. Curr Top Dev Biol 2007; 77:187-211. [PMID: 17222704 DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2153(06)77007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of different micromanipulation techniques into reproductive and developmental biology has helped us not only to answer many essential biological questions but it is now evident that these techniques also have wide practical applications. In human-assisted reproduction, the most commonly used approach is the injection of a donor sperm into the oocyte cytoplasm--intracytoplasmic sperm injection. It is, however, speculated that with these techniques it would be also possible to improve the oocyte developmental potential especially in those cases when the quality of the cytoplasm is rather poor and thus its function is compromised. Another important application would be the elimination of mutated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) by transferring the nuclear material from an abnormal oocyte into a healthy donor oocyte cytoplast. Some of these techniques were already successfully tested in experimental animals, but it is evident that before their introduction into human medicine many questions must be answered, and we must be sure that these approaches are absolutely or almost absolutely safe. In our contribution, we will be specifically oriented to the nuclear (nuclear material) replacement approaches that could be potentially used to prevent the transmission of mutated mtDNA from mother to offspring. Because these techniques are very delicate, some training with oocytes from other species other than human is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Fulka
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1083, CS-142 20 Prague 10, Czech Republic
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