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Vogt G. Epigenetic variation in animal populations: Sources, extent, phenotypic implications, and ecological and evolutionary relevance. J Biosci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-021-00138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Pehlivan E, Polat H, Dellal G. Annual change of Prolactin and growth hormone in Angora goats. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1429551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Pehlivan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Polat
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Gürsel Dellal
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Chen T, Sun M, Wang JQ, Cui JJ, Liu ZH, Yu B. A novel swine model for evaluation of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis induced by human CETP overexpression. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:169. [PMID: 28893253 PMCID: PMC5594531 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanism of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) in lipid metabolism is still unclear. Furthermore, the relationship of CETP and atherosclerosis (AS) has been controversial. As pigs are a good model for both lipid and AS research, we investigated the lipid metabolism of human CETP (hCETP) transgenic pigs and explored the mechanism of CETP in lipid modulation. Methods Plasmids expressing the hCETP gene were designed, successfully constructed, and transfected into porcine fetal fibroblasts by liposomes. Using somatic cell nuclear transfer technology and embryonic transfer, hCETP transgenic pigs were generated. After the DNA, RNA, and protein levels were identified, positive hCETP transgenic pigs were selected. Blood samples were collected at different ages to evaluate the phenotypes of biochemical markers, and the metabolomes of plasma samples were analyzed by liquid mass spectrometry. Results Eight positive hCETP transgenic pigs and five negative cloned pigs were generated by transgenic technology. Finally, five hCETP transgenic and five cloned pigs were grown healthily. After feeding with a normal diet, hCETP transgenic pigs compared with unmodified pigs had no significant differences in body weight, liver function, kidney function, or plasma ions, while total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein were higher than in unmodified pigs, and high-density lipoprotein was significantly decreased. Metabolomics analysis showed that there were differences in metabolic components between hCETP transgenic pigs, cloned pigs, and unmodified pigs. Conclusions In this study, we created hCETP transgenic pigs that could serve as an excellent model for lipid disorders and atherosclerosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-017-0563-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Cardiology Division, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, China
| | - Meng Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Cardiology Division, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, China
| | - Jia-Qiang Wang
- College of life science, Northeast Agricultural University of China, Harbin, China
| | - Jin-Jin Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Cardiology Division, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Liu
- College of life science, Northeast Agricultural University of China, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. .,Cardiology Division, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, China.
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Vogt G. Stochastic developmental variation, an epigenetic source of phenotypic diversity with far-reaching biological consequences. J Biosci 2015; 40:159-204. [PMID: 25740150 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-015-9506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the production of different phenotypes from the same genotype in the same environment by stochastic cellular events, nonlinear mechanisms during patterning and morphogenesis, and probabilistic self-reinforcing circuitries in the adult life. These aspects of phenotypic variation are summarized under the term 'stochastic developmental variation' (SDV) in the following. In the past, SDV has been viewed primarily as a nuisance, impairing laboratory experiments, pharmaceutical testing, and true-to-type breeding. This article also emphasizes the positive biological effects of SDV and discusses implications for genotype-to-phenotype mapping, biological individuation, ecology, evolution, and applied biology. There is strong evidence from experiments with genetically identical organisms performed in narrowly standardized laboratory set-ups that SDV is a source of phenotypic variation in its own right aside from genetic variation and environmental variation. It is obviously mediated by molecular and higher-order epigenetic mechanisms. Comparison of SDV in animals, plants, fungi, protists, bacteria, archaeans, and viruses suggests that it is a ubiquitous and phylogenetically old phenomenon. In animals, it is usually smallest for morphometric traits and highest for life history traits and behaviour. SDV is thought to contribute to phenotypic diversity in all populations but is particularly relevant for asexually reproducing and genetically impoverished populations, where it generates individuality despite genetic uniformity. In each generation, SDV produces a range of phenotypes around a well-adapted target phenotype, which is interpreted as a bet-hedging strategy to cope with the unpredictability of dynamic environments. At least some manifestations of SDV are heritable, adaptable, selectable, and evolvable, and therefore, SDV may be seen as a hitherto overlooked evolution factor. SDV is also relevant for husbandry, agriculture, and medicine because most pathogens are asexuals that exploit this third source of phenotypic variation to modify infectivity and resistance to antibiotics. Since SDV affects all types of organisms and almost all aspects of life, it urgently requires more intense research and a better integration into biological thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Vogt
- Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany,
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Endocrine Profiles and Blood Chemistry Patterns of Cloned Miniature Pigs in the Post-Puberty Period. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.12750/jet.2014.29.2.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Christensen KL, Hedemann MS, Jørgensen H, Stagsted J, Knudsen KEB. Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Based Metabolomics Study of Cloned versus Normal Pigs Fed Either Restricted or Ad Libitum High-Energy Diets. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:3573-80. [DOI: 10.1021/pr201253h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mette S. Hedemann
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830
Tjele, Denmark
| | - Henry Jørgensen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830
Tjele, Denmark
| | - Jan Stagsted
- Department
of Food Science, Aarhus University, Blichers
Allé 20, DK-8830
Tjele, Denmark
| | - Knud Erik B. Knudsen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830
Tjele, Denmark
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Park J, Oh H, Kim M, Kim G, Park E, Jang G, Lee B. Changes in the somatotrophic axis in genetically identical dogs. Cell Reprogram 2011; 13:451-7. [PMID: 21740269 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2011.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Because cloned dogs are genetically identical, variations among these animals can be a useful tool to elucidate mechanisms underlying phenotypic differences. To estimate the influence of genetic factors on phenotypic variation, changes in concentration patterns of growth hormone (GH), insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) were compared among cloned and age-matched control dogs. In addition, the concentrations of GH and IGF-1 following administration of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SRIF) were measured in both groups. In comparing hormone profiles, the control dogs had larger standard deviations from the means for GH, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 than the clones. Also, the mean concentration of IGFBP-3 in clones was significantly lower than in the controls between 7 to 12 months of age, whereas the IGFBP-3 changes in clones and controls followed the same pattern. GHRH induced increased serum growth hormone concentration both in clones and controls. However, the concentration of IGF-1 was lower in clones than in controls, and larger standard variations were noted in the control group. In conclusion, the measured traits were more homogeneous in cloned animals than in controls, so cloned animals could be valuable for assessing effects of genotype and environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- JungEun Park
- Department of Theriogenology & Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Park JE, Kim MK, Kang JT, Oh HJ, Hong SG, Kim DY, Jang G, Lee BC. Growth and Hematologic Characteristics of Cloned Dogs Derived from Adult Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer. Cell Reprogram 2010; 12:141-50. [DOI: 10.1089/cell.2009.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Park
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korean 21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyu Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Taek Kang
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korean 21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Oh
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korean 21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - So Gun Hong
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Jang
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korean 21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Chun Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korean 21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Choi EG, Yin XJ, Lee HS, Kim LH, Shin HD, Kim NH, Kong IK. Reproductive fertility of cloned male cats derived from adult somatic cell nuclear transfer. CLONING AND STEM CELLS 2007; 9:281-90. [PMID: 17579560 DOI: 10.1089/clo.2006.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the reproductive fertility by the natural breeding of cloned male cats with domestic female cats, and to measure endocrine hormone concentration related to male reproduction such as testosterone, leutinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Cloned A, B, C, and D cats produced three, two, four, and five kittens after natural mating with four domestic female cats, respectively, despite later puberty of the cloned D cat than those of the other cloned male cats. Three of the 14 kittens expressed an odd eye color, which was produced by 1 and 2 from cloned A and B cats. The eye color of the other F1 kittens varied from nine brown to two blue. Body weight at birth ranged from 72.9 to 134.0 g. Although clone D had a poorer libido and entered puberty later than those of the other cloned male cats, he produced gonadal hormones within the average range. Four of the cloned male cats had normal fertility. The concentration of gonadal hormones in cloned male cats was similar to two control and donor cats. The concentration of testosterone was not significantly different among clones A, B, C, D, and control cats (5.99 +/- 5.68; 3.46 +/- 2.81; 6.41 +/- 2.17; 3.75 +/- 0.34; 4.0 +/- 3.63 ng/mL, p < 0.05). The concentrations of LH and FSH were not significantly different among the cloned cats (p < 0.05). Seven male and seven female (in total 14) kittens were produced by the natural breeding with four domestic female cats. These results indicated that cloned male cats have normal reproductive fertility and lie within the normal range of gonadal hormone production. All F1 kittens were produced by natural breeding and delivery, and are still alive and have normal growth health (27 months age).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eu-Gene Choi
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Sunchon National University, JeonNam Province, S. Korea
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Tong GQ, Heng BC, Tan LG, Ng SC. Aberrant profile of gene expression in cloned mouse embryos derived from donor cumulus nuclei. Cell Tissue Res 2006; 325:231-43. [PMID: 16596391 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-006-0189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2005] [Accepted: 02/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer has successfully been used to clone several mammalian species including the mouse, albeit with extremely low efficiency. This study investigated gene expression in cloned mouse embryos derived from cumulus cell donor nuclei, in comparison with in vivo fertilized mouse embryos, at progressive developmental stages. Enucleation was carried out by the conventional puncture method rather than by the piezo-actuated technique, whereas nuclear transfer was achieved by direct cumulus nuclear injection. Embryonic development was monitored from chemically induced activation on day 0 until the blastocyst stage on day 4. Poor developmental competence of cloned embryos was observed, which was confirmed by lower cell counts in cloned blastocysts, compared with the in vivo fertilized controls. Subsequently, real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze and compare embryonic gene expression at the 2-cell, 4-cell, and blastocyst stages, between the experimental and control groups. The results showed reduced expression of the candidate genes in cloned 2-cell stage embryos, as manifested by poor developmental competence, compared with expression in the in vivo fertilized controls. Cloned 4-cell embryos and blastocysts, which had overcome the developmental block at the 2-cell stage, also showed up-regulated and down-regulated expression of several genes, strongly suggesting incomplete nuclear reprogramming. We have therefore demonstrated that aberrant embryonic gene expression is associated with low developmental competence of cloned mouse embryos. To improve the efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer, strategies to rectify aberrant gene expression in cloned embryos should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Qing Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University of Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, 119074 Singapore, Singapore.
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