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Osychenko AA, Zalessky AD, Bachurin AV, Martirosyan DY, Egorova MS, Nadtochenko VA. Stain-free enucleation of mouse and human oocytes with a 1033 nm femtosecond laser. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:065002. [PMID: 38812963 PMCID: PMC11133223 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.6.065002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Significance Preparation of a recipient cytoplast by oocyte enucleation is an essential task for animal cloning and assisted reproductive technologies in humans. The femtosecond laser is a precise and low-invasive tool for oocyte enucleation, and it should be an appropriate alternative to traditional enucleation by a microneedle aspiration. However, until recently, the laser enucleation was performed only with applying a fluorescent dye. Aim This work is aimed to (1) achieve femtosecond laser oocyte enucleation without applying a fluorescent dye and (2) to study the effect of laser destruction of chromosomes on the structure and dynamics of the spindle. Approach We applied polarized light microscopy for spindle visualization and performed stain-free mouse and human oocyte enucleation with a 1033 nm femtosecond laser. Also, we studied transformation of a spindle after metaphase plate elimination by a confocal microscopy. Results We demonstrated a fundamental possibility of inactivating the metaphase plate in mouse and human oocytes by 1033 nm femtosecond laser radiation without applying a fluorescent dye. Irradiation of the spindle area, visualized by polarized light microscopy, resulted in partly or complete metaphase plate destruction but avoided the microtubules impairment. After the metaphase plate elimination, the spindle reorganized, however, it was not a complete depolymerization. Conclusions This method of recipient cytoplast preparation is expected to be useful for animal cloning and assisted reproductive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina A. Osychenko
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr D. Zalessky
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Bachurin
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Medical Center of ART, Moscow, Russia
| | - David Yu. Martirosyan
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria S. Egorova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktor A. Nadtochenko
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Xu L, Song SH, Idrees M, Mesalam A, Joo MD, Sidrat T, Wei Y, Lee KL, Lu W, Kong IK. Effects of Donor Cell Types on the Development of Bovine Embryos Using Cytoplasm Injection Cloning Technology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5841. [PMID: 34072531 PMCID: PMC8197982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasm injection cloning technology (CICT) is an efficient technique for evaluating the developmental potential of cloned embryos. In this study, we investigated the effects of donor cell type on the developmental potential and quality of cloned bovine embryos. Adult fibroblasts (AFs) and embryonic cells (ECs) were used as donor cells to clone bovine embryos using CICT. We initially used AF cells to develop cloned embryos and then cultured the cloned day-8 blastocysts for 10 days to obtain ECs as donor cells for second embryo cloning. We found that the bovine blastocysts cloned using AF cells had significantly reduced developmental rates, embryo quality, and ratios of inner cell mass (ICM) to the total number of cells compared to those using ECs as donor cells. Furthermore, there were significant differences in the DNA methyltransferase-, histone deacetylation-, apoptosis-, and development-related genes at the blastocyst stage in embryos cloned from AFs compared to those in embryos cloned from ECs. Our results suggest that using ECs as donor cells for nuclear transfer enhances the quantity and quality of cloned embryos. However, further investigation is required in terms of determining pregnancy rates and developing cloned embryos from different donor cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianguang Xu
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (L.X.); (M.I.); (M.-D.J.); (T.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Seok-Hwan Song
- The King Kong Corp. Ltd., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.-H.S.); (K.-L.L.)
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (L.X.); (M.I.); (M.-D.J.); (T.S.); (Y.W.)
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Ayman Mesalam
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Myeong-Don Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (L.X.); (M.I.); (M.-D.J.); (T.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Tabinda Sidrat
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (L.X.); (M.I.); (M.-D.J.); (T.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yiran Wei
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (L.X.); (M.I.); (M.-D.J.); (T.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Kyeong-Lim Lee
- The King Kong Corp. Ltd., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.-H.S.); (K.-L.L.)
| | - Wenfa Lu
- Division of Animal Reproduction and Breeding, Department of Animal Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Il-Keun Kong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (L.X.); (M.I.); (M.-D.J.); (T.S.); (Y.W.)
- The King Kong Corp. Ltd., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.-H.S.); (K.-L.L.)
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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Brown DM, Glass JI. Technology used to build and transfer mammalian chromosomes. Exp Cell Res 2020; 388:111851. [PMID: 31952951 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the near twenty-year existence of the human and mammalian artificial chromosome field, the technologies for artificial chromosome construction and installation into desired cell types or organisms have evolved with the rest of modern molecular and synthetic biology. Medical, industrial, pharmaceutical, agricultural, and basic research scientists seek the as yet unrealized promise of human and mammalian artificial chromosomes. Existing technologies for both top-down and bottom-up approaches to construct these artificial chromosomes for use in higher eukaryotes are very different but aspire to achieve similar results. New capacity for production of chromosome sized synthetic DNA will likely shift the field towards more bottom-up approaches, but not completely. Similarly, new approaches to install human and mammalian artificial chromosomes in target cells will compete with the microcell mediated cell transfer methods that currently dominate the field.
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Greggains GD, Lister LM, Tuppen HAL, Zhang Q, Needham LH, Prathalingam N, Hyslop LA, Craven L, Polanski Z, Murdoch AP, Turnbull DM, Herbert M. Therapeutic potential of somatic cell nuclear transfer for degenerative disease caused by mitochondrial DNA mutations. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3844. [PMID: 24457623 PMCID: PMC5379195 DOI: 10.1038/srep03844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold much promise in the quest for personalised cell therapies. However, the persistence of founder cell mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations limits the potential of iPSCs in the development of treatments for mtDNA disease. This problem may be overcome by using oocytes containing healthy mtDNA, to induce somatic cell nuclear reprogramming. However, the extent to which somatic cell mtDNA persists following fusion with human oocytes is unknown. Here we show that human nuclear transfer (NT) embryos contain very low levels of somatic cell mtDNA. In light of a recent report that embryonic stem cells can be derived from human NT embryos, our results highlight the therapeutic potential of NT for mtDNA disease, and underscore the importance of using human oocytes to pursue this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth D. Greggains
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle Fertility Centre, Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Gynecology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo 0027, Norway
| | - Lisa M. Lister
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle Fertility Centre, Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Helen A. L. Tuppen
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Qi Zhang
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle Fertility Centre, Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Louise H. Needham
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle Fertility Centre, Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nilendran Prathalingam
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle Fertility Centre, Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Louise A. Hyslop
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle Fertility Centre, Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lyndsey Craven
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Zbigniew Polanski
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Alison P. Murdoch
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle Fertility Centre, Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Douglass M. Turnbull
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mary Herbert
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle Fertility Centre, Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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5
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Induction of pluripotency. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 786:5-25. [PMID: 23696349 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6621-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The molecular and phenotypic irreversibility of mammalian cell differentiation was a fundamental principle of developmental biology at least until the 1980s, despite numerous reports dating back to the 1950s of the induction of pluripotency in amphibian cells by nuclear transfer (NT). Landmark reports in the 1980s and 1990s in sheep progressively challenged this dogmatic assumption; firstly, embryonic development of reconstructed embryos comprising whole (donor) blastomeres fused to enucleated oocytes, and famously, the cloning of Dolly from a terminally differentiated cell. Thus, the intrinsic ability of oocyte-derived factors to reverse the differentiated phenotype was confirmed. The concomitant elucidation of methods for human embryonic stem cell isolation and cultivation presented opportunities for therapeutic cell replacement strategies, particularly through NT of patient nuclei to enucleated oocytes for subsequent isolation of patient-specific (autologous), pluripotent cells from the resulting blastocysts. Associated logistical limitations of working with human oocytes, in addition to ethical and moral objections prompted exploration of alternative approaches to generate autologous stem cells for therapy, utilizing the full repertoire of factors characteristic of pluripotency, primarily through cell fusion and use of pluripotent cell extracts. Stunningly, in 2006, Japanese scientists described somatic cell reprogramming through delivery of four key factors (identified through a deductive approach from 24 candidate genes). Although less efficient than previous approaches, much of current stem cell research adopts this focused approach to cell reprogramming and (autologous) cell therapy. This chapter is a quasi-historical commentary of the various aforementioned approaches for the induction of pluripotency in lineage-committed cells, and introduces transcriptional and epigenetic changes occurring during reprogramming.
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Plews JR, Gu M, Longaker MT, Wu JC. Large animal induced pluripotent stem cells as pre-clinical models for studying human disease. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:1196-202. [PMID: 22212700 PMCID: PMC3340484 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01521.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The derivation of human embryonic stem cells and subsequently human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has energized regenerative medicine research and enabled seemingly limitless applications. Although small animal models, such as mouse models, have played an important role in the progression of the field, typically, they are poor representations of the human disease phenotype. As an alternative, large animal models should be explored as a potentially better approach for clinical translation of cellular therapies. However, only fragmented information regarding the derivation, characterization and clinical usefulness of pluripotent large animal cells is currently available. Here, we briefly review the latest advances regarding the derivation and use of large animal iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R Plews
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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7
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Increased cleavage rate of human nuclear transfer embryos after 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine treatment. Reprod Biomed Online 2012; 25:425-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2012.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Roxland BE. New York State's landmark policies on oversight and compensation for egg donation to stem cell research. Regen Med 2012; 7:397-408. [PMID: 22458727 DOI: 10.2217/rme.12.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2009, New York became the first US state to implement a policy permitting researchers to use public funds to reimburse women who donate oocytes directly and solely to stem cell research, not only for the woman's out-of-pocket expenses, but also for the time, burden and discomfort associated with the donation process. The debate about the propriety of such compensation was recently renewed with the publication of a stem cell study in which women were provided with compensation for donating their eggs. This article explores the scientific and ethical rationales that led to New York's decision to allow donor compensation. The multifaceted deliberation process and comprehensive policies may serve as a model for other states and countries considering the issue of oocyte donor compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth E Roxland
- New York State Task Force on Life & the Law, 90 Church Street, New York, NY 10007, USA.
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10
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Walia B, Satija N, Tripathi RP, Gangenahalli GU. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Fundamentals and Applications of the Reprogramming Process and its Ramifications on Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2011; 8:100-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-011-9279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- J Suaudeau
- Pontifical Academy for Life, Rome, Italy.
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12
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Fan Y, Jiang Y, Chen X, Ou Z, Yin Y, Huang S, Kou Z, Li Q, Long X, Liu J, Luo Y, Liao B, Gao S, Sun X. Derivation of cloned human blastocysts by histone deacetylase inhibitor treatment after somatic cell nuclear transfer with β-thalassemia fibroblasts. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 20:1951-9. [PMID: 21322785 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Derivation of embryonic stem cells from patient-specific cloned blastocysts by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) holds promise for both regenerative medicine and cell-based drug discovery. However, the efficiency of blastocyst formation after human SCNT is very low. The developmental competence of SCNT embryos has been previously demonstrated in several species to be enhanced by treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors, such as trichostatin A (TSA), to increase histone acetylation. In this study, we report that treatment of SCNT embryos with 5 nM TSA for 10 h following activation incubation increased the developmental competence of human SCNT embryos constructed from β-thalassemia fibroblast cells. The efficiency of blastocyst formation from SCNT human embryos treated with TSA was approximately 2 times greater than that from untreated embryos. Cloned blastocysts were confirmed to be generated through SCNT by DNA and mitochondrial DNA fingerprinting analyses. Further, treatment of SCNT embryos with TSA improved the acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 in a manner similar to that observed in in vitro fertilized embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Fan
- Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Xu X, Duan X, Lu C, Lin G, Lu G. Dynamic distribution of NuMA and microtubules in human fetal fibroblasts, developing oocytes and somatic cell nuclear transferred embryos. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:1052-60. [PMID: 21406448 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nuclear mitotic apparatus (NuMA) plays a central role in the assembly and maintenance of spindle poles. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) studies on non-human primates have shown that meiotic spindle removal during enucleation causes depletion of NuMA and the minus-end-directed motor protein (HSET) from the ooplasm, and this in turn leads to failure of embryo development. To determine whether NuMA from somatic cells could compensate for NuMA loss during enucleation, the distribution of NuMA and microtubule organization were investigated in human fibroblasts, developing oocytes and SCNT embryos. METHODS Human fetal fibroblasts, oocytes at various maturation stages and human embryos reconstructed by different SCNT methods were analyzed for NuMA and α-tubulin using immunofluorescent confocal microscopy. RESULTS NuMA was detected in interphase nuclei of fibroblasts and oocytes. During mitosis and meiosis, NuMA relocated to the domain surrounding the two spindle poles. During the enucleation process, NuMA was removed along with the meiotic spindle. At 2 h after injection into a donor cell, transitory bipolar spindles were organized and NuMA was detected in the reformed poles. NuMA could be detected spreading uniformly across the nucleoplasm of one pseudo-pronucleus in SCNT embryos but was excluded from the nucleolus. Regardless of the method used for SCNT (enucleation-injection or injection-pronuclei enucleation), NuMA aggregated and relocated to the reformed spindle poles at metaphase of the first mitotic event. At interphase, NuMA relocated throughout the nucleus in developmentally arrested SCNT embryos. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that donor cell nuclei contain NuMA, which might contribute to the maintenance of spindle morphology in SCNT embryos. Normal spindle and NuMA expression were found in human SCNT embryos at different developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Xu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410078, People's Republic of China
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Popova E, Bader M, Krivokharchenko A. Effects of electric field on early preimplantation development in vitro in mice and rats. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:662-70. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Lako M, Armstrong L, Stojkovic M. Induced pluripotent stem cells : it looks simple but can looks deceive? Stem Cells 2010; 28:845-50. [PMID: 20235273 DOI: 10.1002/stem.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Versieren K, Heindryckx B, Lierman S, Gerris J, De Sutter P. Developmental competence of parthenogenetic mouse and human embryos after chemical or electrical activation. Reprod Biomed Online 2010; 21:769-75. [PMID: 21051286 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Parthenogenetic reconstruction is one major strategy to create patient-specific stem cells. The aim of this study was to find the best artificial activation protocol for parthenogenetic activation of mouse and human oocytes comparing different methods. In a first set of experiments, in-vivo matured mouse oocytes and human failed-fertilized, in-vitro and in-vivo matured oocytes were artificially activated by a chemical (ionomycin) or electrical stimulus. In a second set of experiments, a combination of activating agents (electrical pulses followed by ionomycin or SrCl(2)) was applied in an aim to improve developmental competence. All embryos were evaluated daily until day 6 after activation. Mouse blastocysts were differentially stained to evaluate blastocyst quality. For mouse oocytes and human failed-fertilized oocytes, blastocyst development was significantly higher after electrical activation (P<0.05). For human in-vitro and in-vivo matured oocytes, blastocyst formation was only obtained after electrical activation of in-vitro matured oocytes. After combining activating agents, no differences in development could be observed. In conclusion, this study revealed that for both mouse and human oocytes development to the blastocyst stage was significantly better after electrical activation compared with chemical activation. Combining activating agents had no further positive effect on developmental potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Versieren
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Mason C, Dunnill P. Assessing the value of autologous and allogeneic cells for regenerative medicine. Regen Med 2010; 4:835-53. [PMID: 19903003 DOI: 10.2217/rme.09.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The advantages and disadvantages of autologous and allogeneic human cells for regenerative medicine are summarized. The comparison of relative advantages includes: ease and cost of treating large numbers of patients, the speed of availability of therapy and the differing complexity of the development pathways. The comparison of relative disadvantages deals with issues such as variability of source material, the risks of cell abnormality and of viral and prion contamination, and the sensitive issues surrounding use of embryo-derived cells. From the comparisons, several potentially decisive issues are drawn out, such as possible immune response and teratoma formation, the impact of patents and the virtues of hospital versus industry-centered development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Mason
- Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
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18
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Developments and challenges in human embryonic stem cell research in Spain. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2010; 5:334-9. [PMID: 20058198 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-009-9093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
After years of following the trail of others, Spain is finally making a serious bid in science, specifically in regenerative medicine. In the framework of the European Union, Spain is setting up the basis for a solid collaborative network between public and private institutions, involving basic, translational, applied, technological and clinical researchers. In a society characterised by the idiom "slow but secure", it is still too soon to see the results of the huge economic and infrastructure investment made. We present here an overview of the challenges that have been surmounted and the ones that will have to be solved in order to situate Spain as a reference country in regenerative medicine worldwide.
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