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Crangle CE, Bradley C, Carlin PF, Esterhay RJ, Harper R, Kearney PM, McCarthy VJC, McTear MF, Savage E, Tuttle MS, Wallace JG. Exploring patient information needs in type 2 diabetes: A cross sectional study of questions. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203429. [PMID: 30444868 PMCID: PMC6239280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study set out to analyze questions about type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from patients and the public. The aim was to better understand people's information needs by starting with what they do not know, discovered through their own questions, rather than starting with what we know about T2DM and subsequently finding ways to communicate that information to people affected by or at risk of the disease. One hundred and sixty-four questions were collected from 120 patients attending outpatient diabetes clinics and 300 questions from 100 members of the public through the Amazon Mechanical Turk crowdsourcing platform. Twenty-three general and diabetes-specific topics and five phases of disease progression were identified; these were used to manually categorize the questions. Analyses were performed to determine which topics, if any, were significant predictors of a question's being asked by a patient or the public, and similarly for questions from a woman or a man. Further analysis identified the individual topics that were assigned significantly more often to the crowdsourced or clinic questions. These were Causes (CI: [-0.07, -0.03], p < .001), Risk Factors ([-0.08, -0.03], p < .001), Prevention ([-0.06, -0.02], p < .001), Diagnosis ([-0.05, -0.02], p < .001), and Distribution of a Disease in a Population ([-0.05,-0.01], p = .0016) for the crowdsourced questions and Treatment ([0.03, 0.01], p = .0019), Disease Complications ([0.02, 0.07], p < .001), and Psychosocial ([0.05, 0.1], p < .001) for the clinic questions. No highly significant gender-specific topics emerged in our study, but questions about Weight were more likely to come from women and Psychosocial questions from men. There were significantly more crowdsourced questions about the time Prior to any Diagnosis ([(-0.11, -0.04], p = .0013) and significantly more clinic questions about Health Maintenance and Prevention after diagnosis ([0.07. 0.17], p < .001). A descriptive analysis pointed to the value provided by the specificity of questions, their potential to disclose emotions behind questions, and the as-yet unrecognized information needs they can reveal. Large-scale collection of questions from patients across the spectrum of T2DM progression and from the public-a significant percentage of whom are likely to be as yet undiagnosed-is expected to yield further valuable insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen E. Crangle
- Department of Health Management and Systems Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Colin Bradley
- Department of General Practice, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul F. Carlin
- South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust, Research Office, Dundonald, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Esterhay
- Department of Health Management and Systems Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Roy Harper
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, The Ulster Hospital, South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust, Dundonald, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia M. Kearney
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Michael F. McTear
- School of Computing and Mathematics, University of Ulster at Jordanstown, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Savage
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mark S. Tuttle
- Board of Directors, Apelon Inc., Hartford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jonathan G. Wallace
- School of Computing and Mathematics, University of Ulster at Jordanstown, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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