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Mao X, Cao Y, Guo Z, Wang L, Xiang C. Biological roles and therapeutic potential of circular RNAs in osteoarthritis. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 24:856-867. [PMID: 34026329 PMCID: PMC8131397 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common and disabling joint disorder that is mainly characterized by cartilage degeneration and narrow joint spaces. The regulatory functions of non-coding RNAs (long non-coding RNAs, microRNAs [miRNAs], and circular RNAs [circRNAs]) in OA progression have attracted considerable attention, and the function of circular RNAs in the context of OA has been an increasingly popular research topic in the last 6 years. Recent studies have reported that various circRNAs can delay or aggravate diverse aspects of the OA process, including extracellular matrix formation, apoptosis, proliferation, inflammation, and autophagy, via circRNA/miRNA/mRNA pathways. Thus, circRNAs and related pathways are potential therapeutic targets for OA. Our review provides comprehensive information about circRNAs, including their biogenesis, functions, and characteristics, and it reveals their critical roles in the pathogenesis of OA via a large regulatory network of sponges. Considering their regulatory functions and characteristics, we hypothesize that circRNAs not only can be transferred through bodily fluids to serve as diagnostic biomarkers, but they can also be released from mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and delivered to OA chondrocytes acting as therapeutic circRNAs. Further investigations of the in-depth molecular mechanisms of action of circRNAs in OA are expected to provide effective and safe OA treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjia Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Yanyan Cao
- MicroNano System Research Center, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China.,College of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Zijian Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Chuan Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
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Chen C, Yin P, Hu S, Sun X, Li B. Circular RNA-9119 protects IL-1β-treated chondrocytes from apoptosis in an osteoarthritis cell model by intercepting the microRNA-26a/PTEN axis. Life Sci 2020; 256:117924. [PMID: 32522568 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage degeneration and joint inflammation. As its pathogenesis remains unclear, there are no effective treatments established. Circular RNA (circRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and other noncoding RNAs participate in OA development; however, the effects and mechanisms of circRNA and miRNA in OA remain unknown. MAIN METHODS Cartilage miRNA was examined in patients with and without OA. KEY FINDINGS CircRNA-9119 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression decreased in OA-affected cartilage and interleukin (IL)-1β-induced chondrocytes, and miR-26a expression significantly decreased in normal cells and tissues. CircRNA-9119 overexpression restored chondrocyte growth, whereas IL-1β treatment impaired chondrocyte growth. Annexin V-FITC & PI flow cytometry and Bcl-2/Bax ratio measurement indicated that the apoptosis of IL-1β-treated articular chondrocytes was decreased by circRNA-9119 upregulation. Bioinformatic prediction and the dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that circRNA-9119 served as a miR-26a sponge and that miR-26a targeted the 3'-UTR of PTEN. Transfection of chondrocytes with a circRNA-9119-overexpressing vector revealed downregulation of miR-26a expression. Furthermore, circRNA-9119 overexpression induced PTEN expression. In addition, a miR-26a mimic induced IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis, and circRNA-9119 overexpression inhibited IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis. SIGNIFICANCE CircRNA-9119 is an important regulator of IL-1β-treated chondrocytes through the miR-26a/PTEN axis, possibly contributing to OA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjian Chen
- Joint Surgical Department, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Peng Yin
- Orthopedic Trauma Department, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Shengxiong Hu
- Orthopedic Surgery, People's Hospital of Huangyuan County, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Xuegang Sun
- Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, China.
| | - Baowen Li
- Joint Surgical Department, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, China.
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Liu B, Li Z. Black Currant (Ribes nigrum L.) Extract Induces Apoptosis of MKN-45 and TE-1 Cells Through MAPK- and PI3K/Akt-Mediated Mitochondrial Pathways. J Med Food 2016; 19:365-73. [PMID: 27007806 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.3521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bingshuo Liu
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin, China
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Liu H, Xu XF, Zhao Y, Tang MC, Zhou YQ, Gao FH. NS-398 promotes pancreatic cancer cell invasion by CD147 and MMP-2 via the activation of P38. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2208-14. [PMID: 26782265 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpression or abnormal activation of cyclo‑oxygenase‑2 (COX‑2) has been reported in pancreatic cancer cells. NS‑398, a selective inhibitor of COX‑2, is unable to inhibit pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, as determined by a Cell Counting Kit 8 assay. However, it does increase cancer cell invasiveness, and therefore the invasiveness of the PANC‑1 cells was determined, along with the activation of P38, which was assessed by western blotting. In the present study, to evaluate the mechanisms underlying the action of NS‑398 in pancreatic cancer cells, PANC‑1 cells were treated with NS‑398, and the invasion signaling pathways of cluster of differentiation (CD)147‑matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑2 and mitogen‑activated protein kinases were evaluated. The results showed that NS‑398‑induced the expression of CD147 and MMP‑2 via the activation of P38, which was involved in antiproliferative activity and induced pancreatic cancer cell invasiveness. The PANC‑1 cells were also co‑treated with CD147 small interfering (si)RNA and NS‑398, and it was found that the NS‑398‑induced activation of P38 was not inhibited by CD147 siRNA, however, the expression of MMP‑2 was inhibited. CD147 siRNA inhibited the invasiveness of the pancreatic cancer cells induced by NS‑398, but also restored NS‑398‑induced antiproliferative activity. These data indicated that P38 in the pancreatic cancer cells was non‑specifically activated by NS‑398. This activation induced the expression of CD147‑MMP‑2, opposed the antiproliferative activity of NS‑398 and increased the invasiveness of the PANC‑1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Xuan-Fu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Mao-Chun Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Qun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Hou Gao
- Institute of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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Kusunoki N, Yamazaki R, Kawai S. Pro-apoptotic effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on synovial fibroblasts. Mod Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/s10165-008-0102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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6
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Yang XW, Wang XL, Cao LQ, Jiang XF, Peng HP, Lin SM, Xue P, Chen D. Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate enhances 5-fluorouracil-induced cell growth inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Hepatol Res 2012; 42:494-501. [PMID: 22221825 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2011.00947.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs. Resistance to 5-FU is a major cause of chemotherapy failure in advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Green tea polyphenol Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) plays a critical role in growth inhibition and apoptotic induction in HCC cell lines. The aim of this study is to investigate whether EGCG can enhance 5-FU-induced cell growth inhibition and to explore its potential mechanisms. METHODS 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate cell growth. Western blotting analysis was performed to detect the proteins expression in Hep3B cells. Small interfering RNA was used to suppress cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Furthermore, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to test the prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2) ) production in cell cultures. RESULTS Epigallocatechin-3-gallate augmented the anti-tumor effect of 5-FU in Hep3B cells. Significant difference was observed between the treated groups and the control group (P < 0.05). EGCG (its concentrations at over 5 µmol/L) combined with 5-FU presented a synergic effect. Furthermore, the combination of EGCG and 5-FU abrogated the COX-2 overexpression and PGE(2) secretion induced by 5-FU. The upregulation of COX-2 expression decreased the phosphorylation of Akt (Thr(308) ) expression. These appeared to be followed by the AMPK hyperactivation. CONCLUSION Epigallocatechin-3-gallate sensitizes HCC cells to 5-FU antitumor activity, and the combination of EGCG and 5-FU exhibits synergism in chemo-resistant cancer cells. The results suggest potential novel therapies for the treatment of advanced-stage liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wei Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Department of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou No. 8 People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Park SW, Kim HS, Hah JW, Jeong WJ, Kim KH, Sung MW. Celecoxib inhibits cell proliferation through the activation of ERK and p38 MAPK in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Anticancer Drugs 2010; 21:823-30. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e32833dada8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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8
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Chun-Zhi Z, Lei H, An-Ling Z, Yan-Chao F, Xiao Y, Guang-Xiu W, Zhi-Fan J, Pei-Yu P, Qing-Yu Z, Chun-Sheng K. MicroRNA-221 and microRNA-222 regulate gastric carcinoma cell proliferation and radioresistance by targeting PTEN. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:367. [PMID: 20618998 PMCID: PMC2914702 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can function as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes via regulation of cell proliferation and/or apoptosis. MiR-221 and miR-222 were discovered to induce cell growth and cell cycle progression via direct targeting of p27 and p57 in various human malignancies. However, the roles of miR-221 and miR-222 have not been reported in human gastric cancer. In this study, we examined the impact of miR-221 and miR-222 on human gastric cancer cells, and identified target genes for miR-221 and miR-222 that might mediate their biology. Methods The human gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 was transfected with AS-miR-221/222 or transduced with pMSCV-miR-221/222 to knockdown or restore expression of miR-221 and miR-222, respectively. The effects of miR-221 and miR-222 were then assessed by cell viability, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis, transwell, and clonogenic assay. Potential target genes were identified by Western blot and luciferase reporter assay. Results Upregulation of miR-221 and miR-222 induced the malignant phenotype of SGC7901 cells, whereas knockdown of miR-221 and miR-222 reversed this phenotype via induction of PTEN expression. In addition, knockdonwn of miR-221 and miR-222 inhibited cell growth and invasion and increased the radiosensitivity of SGC7901 cells. Notably, the seed sequence of miR-221 and miR-222 matched the 3'UTR of PTEN, and introducing a PTEN cDNA without the 3'UTR into SGC7901 cells abrogated the miR-221 and miR-222-induced malignant phenotype. PTEN-3'UTR luciferase reporter assay confirmed PTEN as a direct target of miR-221 and miR-222. Conclusion These results demonstrate that miR-221 and miR-222 regulate radiosensitivity, and cell growth and invasion of SGC7901 cells, possibly via direct modulation of PTEN expression. Our study suggests that inhibition of miR-221 and miR-222 might form a novel therapeutic strategy for human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Chun-Zhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Lab of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China
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The role of cyclooxygenase-2 in cell proliferation and cell death in human malignancies. Int J Cell Biol 2010; 2010:215158. [PMID: 20339581 PMCID: PMC2841246 DOI: 10.1155/2010/215158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well admitted that the link between chronic inflammation and cancer involves cytokines and mediators of inflammatory pathways, which act during the different steps of tumorigenesis. The cyclooxygenases (COXs) are a family of enzymes, which catalyze the rate-limiting step of prostaglandin biosynthesis. This family contains three members: ubiquitously expressed COX-1, which is involved in homeostasis; the inducible COX-2 isoform, which is upregulated during both inflammation and cancer; and COX-3, expressed in brain and spinal cord, whose functions remain to be elucidated. COX-2 was described to modulate cell proliferation and apoptosis mainly in solid tumors, that is, colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers, and, more recently, in hematological malignancies. These findings prompt us to analyze here the effects of a combination of COX-2 inhibitors together with different clinically used therapeutic strategies in order to further improve the efficiency of future anticancer treatments. COX-2 modulation is a promising field investigated by many research groups.
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Park SW, Kim HS, Hah JH, Kim KH, Heo DS, Sung MW. Differential effects between cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and siRNA on vascular endothelial growth factor production in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Head Neck 2010; 32:1534-43. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.21362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Zhang J, Zhang QY, Fu YC, Wang T, Zhang J, Xu P, Zhou X, Pu PY, Kang CS. Expression of p-Akt and COX-2 in Gastric Adenocarcinomas and Adenovirus Mediated Akt1 and COX-2 ShRNA Suppresses SGC-7901 Gastric Adenocarcinoma and U251 Glioma Cell Growth In Vitro and In Vivo. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2009; 8:467-78. [PMID: 19925030 DOI: 10.1177/153303460900800608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and Protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) play a crucial role in the formation of many malignant tumors and have been shown to be the important therapeutic targets. In the present study, we examined immunohistochemical expression of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and COX-2 in 45 gastric adenocarcinomas with different tumor grades. Then, adenovirus-mediated small hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression vectors rAd5-Akt1+COX-2 (rAd5-A+C) that target sequences of human COX-2 and Akt1 were used to examine the inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis in SGC7901 gastric adenocarcinoma and U251 glioma cells. Cell growth was inhibited by over 70%, as indicated by a MTT assay, and was accompanied by G1/G0 phase arrest in the rAd5-A+C treated group, indicating poor cell growth activities. The number of cells invading through the matrigel in the rAd5-A+C treated group was significantly decreased (36.2±3.1) compared with that of the control group SGC7901 (105.0±4.0) and the nonsense sequence group rAd5-HK (102.5±6.4). In addition, the tumor volumes in the SGC7901 subcutaneous nude mouse model treated with rAd5-A+C was significantly smaller than those of the control group and nonsense sequence group rAd5-HK. When COX-2 and Akt1 were dramatically downregulated, Ki-67, CyclinD1, MMP-2, MMP-9 and Bcl-2 were also downregulated. Our results demonstrated that p-Akt and COX-2 were overexpressed in gastric adenocarcinomas and their expression levels were elevated with the ascending order of tumor malignancy; rAd5-A+C targeting COX-2 and Akt1 down-regulated their expression significantly in a sequence-specific manner, exerting inhibitory effects on SGC7901 and U251 cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis. In conclusion, our data suggest a novel mechanism for the regulation of malignant tumor cell growth and provide evidence for combined gene therapy for malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 An-Shan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Yu Zhang
- Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 An-Shan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Chao Fu
- Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 An-Shan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 An-Shan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 An-Shan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xu
- Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, 154 An-Shan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, 154 An-Shan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-yu Pu
- Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, 154 An-Shan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Sheng Kang
- Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, 154 An-Shan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
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Cao LQ, Wang XL, Wang Q, Xue P, Jiao XY, Peng HP, Lu HW, Zheng Q, Chen XL, Huang XH, Fu XH, Chen JS. Rosiglitazone sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines to 5-fluorouracil antitumor activity through activation of the PPARgamma signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2009; 30:1316-22. [PMID: 19684609 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2009.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a major cause of chemotherapy failure in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, has a crucial role in growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in several carcinoma cell lines. In this study, we examine rosiglitazone-induced sensitization of HCC cell lines (BEL-7402 and Huh-7 cells) to 5-FU. METHODS The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate cell viability. Western blotting analysis was performed to detect the protein expression (PPARgamma, PTEN, and COX-2) in BEL-7402 cells. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to examine the expression of PTEN in 100 advanced HCC tissues and paracancerous tissues. In addition, small interfering RNA was used to suppress PPARgamma, PTEN, and COX-2 expression. RESULTS Rosiglitazone facilitates the anti-tumor effect of 5-FU in HCC cell lines, which is mediated by the PPARgamma signaling pathway. Activation of PPARgamma by rosiglitazone increases PTEN expression and decreases COX-2 expression. Since distribution of PTEN in HCC tissues is significantly decreased compared with the paracancerous tissue, over-expression of PTEN by rosiglitazone enhances 5-FU-inhibited cell growth of HCC. Moreover, down-regulation of COX-2 is implicated in the synergistic effect of 5-FU. CONCLUSION Rosiglitazone sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines to 5-FU antitumor activity through the activation of PPARgamma. The results suggest potential novel therapies for the treatment of advanced liver cancer.
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Zhang J, Zhang QY. Application of PI3K/Akt and COX-2 signal pathway blockage in treatment of gastric carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2009; 17:584-588. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v17.i6.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal alternation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Protein Kinase B (PI3K/PKB) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) signal pathways plays an important role in emergence and development of tumors, which also contributes to a series of biological processes and exerts a tremendous influence on treatment and prognosis of tumors. This review investigates PI3K/Akt and COX-2 signal pathways blockage and their mechanism, and provided a original direction for molecular target therapy of diverse tumors including gastric carcinoma.
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Kusunoki N, Yamazaki R, Kawai S. Pro-apoptotic effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on synovial fibroblasts. Mod Rheumatol 2008; 18:542-51. [PMID: 18642053 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-008-0102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory disease that mainly affects the articular synovial tissues. Although the etiology of RA has not yet been elucidated, physical and biochemical inhibition of synovial hyperplasia, which is the origin of articular destruction, may be an effective treatment for RA. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have long been used for the treatment of RA. The mechanism of action of NSAIDs generally involves the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) at sites of inflammation. Thus, NSAIDs were not generally considered to have a so-called anti-rheumatic effect, including inhibition of progressive joint destruction and induction of remission. However, certain conventional NSAIDs and celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, have been reported to inhibit synovial hyperplasia by inducing the apoptosis of human synovial fibroblasts. Therefore, it has been suggested that such NSAIDs may not only have an anti-inflammatory effect but also an anti-rheumatic effect. In this review, we summarize findings about the pro-apoptotic effect, in other words, anti-proliferative effect of NSAIDs on synovial fibroblasts from patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Kusunoki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
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Yu HG, Ai YW, Yu LL, Zhou XD, Liu J, Li JH, Xu XM, Liu S, Chen J, Liu F, Qi YL, Deng Q, Cao J, Liu SQ, Luo HS, Yu JP. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway plays an important role in chemoresistance of gastric cancer cells against etoposide and doxorubicin induced cell death. Int J Cancer 2008; 122:433-43. [PMID: 17935137 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The major obstacle to successful treatment of gastric cancer is chemotherapy resistance. Our study was designed to investigate the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway in the development of chemoresistance in gastric cancer. In the present study, elevated Akt expression and Akt phosphorylation (Ser 473), as well as decreased PTEN expression were observed in 28 cases of gastric cancer tissues. Etoposide and doxorubicin stimulated Akt and PI3K activities in 2 gastric cancer cell lines (BGC-823 and SGC-7901), and the activities were concentration and time-dependent. Up-regulation of PTEN expression in BGC-823 cells by PEAK8-PTEN transient transfection obviously decreased the basal and anticancer drugs induced Akt activities, then sensitized BGC-823 cells to etoposide and doxorubicin. Pretreatment of BGC-823 and SGC-7901 cells with wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor, attenuated cells's resistance to etoposide and doxorubicin. In addition, pretreatment of wortmannin blocked etoposide and doxorubicin induced IkappaB-alpha degradation, NFkappaB activation, phosphorylation of Akt, MDM-2 and forkhead transcription factors. Wortmannin pretreatment also promoted the accumulation of p27/Kip, but inhibited the Mcl-1 expression. Furthermore, wortmannin promoted etoposide and doxorubicin induced caspase-3, caspase-9 activation and poly ADP-ribose polymerase cleavage. Taken together, the observations indicate the PI3K/Akt pathway plays an important role in the chemoresistance of gastric cancer cells. A new strategy for combined chemotherapy of gastric cancer should be designed to more specifically block PI3K/Akt pathway and then decrease the amount of resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan Univeristy, Wuhan, China.
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Huang L, Wang C, Zheng W, Liu R, Yang J, Tang C. Effects of celecoxib on the reversal of multidrug resistance in human gastric carcinoma by downregulation of the expression and activity of P-glycoprotein. Anticancer Drugs 2007; 18:1075-80. [PMID: 17704658 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3281c49d7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of celecoxib on the cell proliferation and the expression and activity of P-glycoprotein in the human gastric carcinoma multidrug resistance sublines SGC7901/adriamycin and SGC7901/vincristine. The cell proliferation was measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay and MTT test. The expression of the multidrug resistant gene (MDR1) was detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. P-glycoprotein was measured by Western blot analysis. The intracellular rhodamine 123 accumulation was analyzed by flow cytometry to evaluate the activity of P-glycoprotein. After treatment with celecoxib, the proliferation inhibitions of SGC7901 cell line and the SGC7901/adriamycin and SGC7901/vincristine sublines increased linearly in a positive dose-dependent pattern in both the [3H]thymidine incorporation assay and in the MTT test. The IC50 value of the MDR1/GAPDH ratio was 5.50 x 10(-6) mol/l in SGC7901/adriamycin and 3.89 x 10(-6) mol/l in SGC7901/vincristine. P-glycoprotein expression levels in the two multidrug resistance sublines treated with celecoxib were significantly lower than those in control groups, 0.28 vs. 0.71 in the SGC7901/adriamycin subline and 0.21 vs. 0.83 in the SGC7901/vincristine subline, respectively, P<0.05. After treatment with celecoxib, intracellular rhodamine 123 accumulation in the SGC7901/adriamycin and SGC7901/vincristine sublines increased positively in a dose-dependent pattern (P<0.05), and reached more than 50% of that in the SGC7901 cell line at the concentration of 1 x 10(-4) mol/l of celecoxib. In conclusion, celecoxib could inhibit proliferation of multidrug resistance in gastric carcinoma sublines. The reversal of multidrug resistance was caused by downregulation of the expression and activity of P-glycoprotein. The results may suggest a new way to reverse P-glycoprotein-dependent multidrug resistance in human gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PRC
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Selvendiran K, Tong L, Vishwanath S, Bratasz A, Trigg NJ, Kutala VK, Hideg K, Kuppusamy P. EF24 induces G2/M arrest and apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cells by increasing PTEN expression. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:28609-28618. [PMID: 17684018 PMCID: PMC4610350 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m703796200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We report that EF24, a synthetic compound 3,5-bis(2-flurobenzylidene)piperidin-4-one, greatly inhibits cisplatin-resistant (CR) human ovarian cancer cell proliferation. The inhibitory effect of EF24 on cell proliferation is associated with G(2)/M phase cell cycle arrest and increased G(2)/M checkpoint protein (pp53, p53, and p21) levels. Within 24 h following treatment, EF24 induced apoptosis in CR cells. The apoptosis was partially blocked by the general caspase inhibitor z-VAD. Within 12 h, EF24 induced a membranous FasL expression, consistent with a substantial decrease in the Ser(473) and Thr(308) phosphorylation of Akt, a known negative regulator of FasL transcription. Also, EF24 activated the phosphorylated PTEN and marginally up-regulated total PTEN expression through the inhibition of ubiquitin-mediated PTEN degradation. Suppression of PTEN expression with siRNA significantly reduced the p53 and p21 levels and activated Akt phosphorylation at Ser(473) and Thr(308), resulting in decreased apoptosis and increased cell survival. On the other hand, overexpression of PTEN markedly induced apoptosis. Our results clearly suggested that EF24 induced significant increase in PTEN expression. The up-regulation of PTEN inhibited Akt and MDM2, which enhanced the level of p53, thereby inducing G(2)/M arrest and apoptosis. Therefore, EF24 appears to have a potential therapeutic role in human ovarian cancer through the activation of PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppaiyah Selvendiran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Liyue Tong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Shilpa Vishwanath
- Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Anna Bratasz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Nancy J Trigg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Vijay K Kutala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Kalman Hideg
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Pécs, H-7643 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Periannan Kuppusamy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210.
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Ohsawa M, Fukushima H, Ikura Y, Inoue T, Shirai N, Sugama Y, Suekane T, Kitabayashi C, Nakamae H, Hino M, Ueda M. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in Hodgkin's lymphoma: its role in cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Leuk Lymphoma 2006; 47:1863-71. [PMID: 17064999 DOI: 10.1080/10428190600685442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Although many studies have revealed the association between cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and carcinogenesis, the association between COX-2 and Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) remains unknown. We examined the immunohistochemical expression of COX-2, p53, bcl-2, and Ki-67 in 33 patients with HL, and counted microvessels stained with CD34. Hodgkin and Reed - Sternberg (HRS) cells with COX-2 expression were scored as 0 = no staining; 1 = <25% of cells staining; 2 = 25-49%; 3 = 50-75%; and 4 = > or =75%. COX-2 expression was observed in 15 cases of classical HL. Nevertheless, neither accumulation of p53 nor bcl-2 expression was associated with COX-2 expression. The percentage of Ki-67 positive-HRS cells and microvessel density in COX-2 score groups 2-4 were significantly higher than those in score group 0, respectively. We show that COX-2 expression is associated with cell proliferation and angiogenesis in HL. These findings suggest that COX-2 may be a target for therapy in HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Ohsawa
- Department of Pathology, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
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Chen Y, Xu J, Jhala N, Pawar P, Zhu ZB, Ma L, Byon CH, McDonald JM. Fas-mediated apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma cells is enhanced by 3,3'-diindolylmethane through inhibition of AKT signaling and FLICE-like inhibitory protein. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2006; 169:1833-42. [PMID: 17071604 PMCID: PMC1780198 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.060234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of Fas-mediated apoptosis has been promoted as a potential therapy for many cancers, including cholangiocarcinoma. We have previously reported that Fas-resistant, but not Fas-sensitive, cholangiocarcinoma cells are tumorigenic in nude mice. The present studies sought to identify molecular targets that promote Fas-mediated apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma. We found that Fas-resistant cholangiocarcinoma cells exhibited increased constitutive phosphorylation of AKT compared with Fas-sensitive cells. Increased phosphorylation of AKT was also demonstrated in human cholangiocarcinoma tumors and was evident in a mouse xenograft cholangiocarcinoma model. Furthermore, we found that 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), a vegetable autolysis product, promoted Fas-mediated apoptosis of cholangiocarcinoma cells. DIM inhibited phosphorylation of AKT and activation of FLICE-like-inhibitory-protein (FLIP). Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT decreased FLIP activation and promoted Fas-mediated apoptosis. By contrast, adenovirus-mediated constitutively activated AKT protected cholangiocarcinoma cells from Fas-mediated apoptosis. Decreased activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB and increased activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9 were associated with inhibition of AKT and FLIP. These results support AKT and FLIP as potential molecular targets and DIM as a potent compound for cholangiocarcinoma intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, LHRB 511, 1530 3rd Ave. South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Zhang Y, Jiang MD, Zeng WZ, Hui-Xu, Xiong BJ, Min-Weng. Effects of celecoxib on cell proliferation and ERK2 expression of ERK2 in gastric cancer cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2005; 13:2213-2216. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v13.i18.2213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the role of celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, in the proliferation of human gastric carcinoma cells SGC7901, and to investigate the relationship between cell proliferation and the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2).
METHODS: The cell proliferation of SGC7901 cells was measured by MTT assay, and the apoptoticsis rate of the cells was examined by TUNEL staining method and flow cytometry. The expression of phosphated ERK2 was detected by immunohistochemistry and quantified measured by image analysis systems.
RESULTS: Celecoxib inhibited the proliferation of SGC7901 gastric carcinoma cells and the expression of phosphated ERK2, as well as induced the apoptosis of the SGC-7901 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The growth inhibitory rates of SGC-7901 cells treated with 10, 20, 40, 80 and, 160 μmol/L celecoxib for 48 h were 9.8%, 30%, 58.9%, 76.3%, and 88.3%, respectively. The SGC7901 cells presented typical morphological features of apoptosis by TUNEL staining. By flow cytometry, the apoptosistic rates of SGC-7901 cells (4.23 ± 0.81%, 15.50 ± 2.10%, 24.35 ± 2.32%, 31.52±3.64%, and 45.82±5.92% for 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 μmol/L celecoxib, respectively) were significantly higher than those inof the control group(1.85 ±0.31%, P < 0.01). The optical density value of ERK2 of SGC7901 cells (10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 μmol/L celecoxib: 2.96 ± 0.24, P >0.05; 2.56 ± 0.24, P<0.05; 2.04 ± 0.20, P < 0.01; 1.68 ± 0.16, P < 0.01; 1.52 ± 0.09, P < 0.01) were significantly lower than that ofin the control group (3.32 ± 0.28).
CONCLUSION: Celecoxib can inhibit the growth and induce the apoptosis of SGC7901 cells, and its mechanism may and induce the cell apoptosis. This effect may relate to the inhibition of ERK2 kinase signaling pathway.
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Iwase M, Takaoka S, Uchida M, Kondo G, Watanabe H, Ohashi M, Nagumo M. Accelerative effect of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor on Fas-mediated apoptosis in human neutrophils. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 6:334-41. [PMID: 16428068 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2005.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2005] [Revised: 06/20/2005] [Accepted: 08/19/2005] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory stimuli, such as cytokines, can induce cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in neutrophils. Selective, anti-inflammatory COX-2 inhibitors have been developed for patients with acute inflammatory diseases. Recent work has shown that selective COX-2 inhibitors interfere with tumor cell growth. The purpose of this study was to examine the capability of selective COX-2 inhibitors on Fas-mediated apoptosis in cytokine-stimulated neutrophils. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhanced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release through the induction of COX-2 in neutrophils. This effect was not seen with either interleukin (IL)-1beta or IL-8. TNF-alpha-and GM-CSF-induced PGE2 release was blocked by the addition of the selective COX-2 inhibitor, N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)-methanesulfonamide (NS-398; 1 microM). GM-CSF, IL-1beta and IL-8 suppressed Fas-mediated apoptosis in neutrophils; however, this effect was not seen with TNF-alpha. The anti-apoptotic effect of cytokines on Fas-mediated neutrophil apoptosis was attenuated by the addition of NS-398 (100 microM). These results suggest that NS-398 operates via two distinct mechanisms for regulating apoptosis and COX-2 activation in neutrophils. This distinction is indicated by the difference in concentration of NS-398 required for acceleration of Fas-mediated neutrophil apoptosis, and the inhibition of PGE2 synthesis. Moreover, NS-398 suppressed the anti-apoptotic activity of IL-8 and IL-1beta, but did not induce COX-2; therefore, the pro-apoptotic mechanism of the selective COX-2 inhibitor may be unrelated to COX-2 activity. Thus, a selective COX-2 inhibitor may contribute to the reduction of acute inflammation through the enhancement of neutrophil apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayasu Iwase
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Showa University School of Dentistry, 2-1-1, Kitasenzoku, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 145-8515, Japan.
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