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Cheng H, Shang D, Zhou R. Germline stem cells in human. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:345. [PMID: 36184610 PMCID: PMC9527259 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The germline cells are essential for the propagation of human beings, thus essential for the survival of mankind. The germline stem cells, as a unique cell type, generate various states of germ stem cells and then differentiate into specialized cells, spermatozoa and ova, for producing offspring, while self-renew to generate more stem cells. Abnormal development of germline stem cells often causes severe diseases in humans, including infertility and cancer. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) first emerge during early embryonic development, migrate into the gentile ridge, and then join in the formation of gonads. In males, they differentiate into spermatogonial stem cells, which give rise to spermatozoa via meiosis from the onset of puberty, while in females, the female germline stem cells (FGSCs) retain stemness in the ovary and initiate meiosis to generate oocytes. Primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) can be induced in vitro from embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells. In this review, we focus on current advances in these embryonic and adult germline stem cells, and the induced PGCLCs in humans, provide an overview of molecular mechanisms underlying the development and differentiation of the germline stem cells and outline their physiological functions, pathological implications, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhua Cheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.
| | - Dantong Shang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongjia Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.
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Lv Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Kong F, Pang Q, Hu G. CCDC114, DNAI2 and TOP2A involves in the effects of tibolone treatment on postmenopausal endometrium. BMC Womens Health 2021; 21:240. [PMID: 34116668 PMCID: PMC8194000 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-01156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of tibolone treatment in postmenopausal women. METHODS The gene set enrichment profile, GSE12446, which includes 9 human endometrial samples from postmenopausal women treated with tibolone (tibolone group) and 9 control samples (control group), was downloaded from GEO database for analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in tibolone vs. control groups were identified and then used for function and pathway enrichment analysis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and module analyses were also performed. Finally, drug-target interaction was predicted for genes in modules, and then were validated in Pubmed. RESULTS A total of 238 up-regulated DEGs and 72 down-regulated DEGs were identified. These DEGs were mainly enriched in various biological processed and pathways, such as cilium movement (e.g., CCDC114 and DNAI2), calcium ion homeostasis, regulation of hormone levels and complement/coagulation cascades. PPI network contained 368 interactions and 166 genes, of which IGF1, DNALI1, CCDC114, TOP2A, DNAH5 and DNAI2 were the hue genes. A total of 96 drug-gene interactions were obtained, including 94 drugs and eight genes. TOP2A and HTR2B were found to be targets of 28 drugs and 38 drugs, respectively. Among the 94 obtained drugs, only 12 drugs were reported in studies, of which 7 drugs (e.g., epirubicin) were found to target TOP2A. CONCLUSIONS CCDC114 and DNAI2 might play important roles in tibolone-treated postmenopausal women via cilium movement function. TOP2A might be a crucial target of tibolone in endometrium of postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Lv
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Department of General Medicine, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, 272011, Shandong, China
| | - Yueqiang Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Fanrong Kong
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, Shandong, China
| | - Guirong Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People's Hospital of Jiaxiang County, No. 188 Yingfeng Road, Jiaxiang, Jining, 272400, Shandong, China.
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Yang Z, Xu B, Hu X, Yao X, Tang Y, Qian C, Wang S, Chen H, Bai X, Wu J. Dynein axonemal intermediate chain 2 plays a role in gametogenesis by activation of Stat3. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:417-425. [PMID: 30387321 PMCID: PMC6307815 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously identified the mouse dynein axonemal intermediate chain 2 (Dnaic2) gene. This gene expresses a component of the axonemal dynein complex that functions in cilia or flagella. We found that overexpression of Dnaic2 results in female subfertility and male infertility. In this study, we generated Dnaic2 knockdown (KD) mice and identified the potential regulatory mechanisms involved in Dnaic2 function. For phenotype analysis, we found that body weight was lighter and size was smaller in Dnaic2 KD mice than in wild‐type mice. A total of 45% of these Dnaic2 KD mice were infertile due to sperm abnormalities in males, or had oocyte abnormalities and pathological changes in the tunica mucosa in the oviduct of females. Moreover, Dnaic2 overexpression enhanced the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the ovaries, which suggested that Dnaic2 stimulated proliferation of cells in the ovaries. However, PCNA expression in the testis of Dnaic2‐overexpressed mice was lower than that in controls. Additionally, the ratio of Bax/B‐cell lymphoma‐2(Bcl‐2) in the testis of Dnaic2‐overexpressed mice was higher than that in controls, which suggested that Dnaic2 inhibited cellular proliferation in the testis. To examine the molecular action of Dnaic2, immunoprecipitation analysis was used and showed that Dnaic2 protein interacted with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3). Molecular modelling analysis showed that Dnaic2 bound with the linker and SH2 domains of Stat3. Furthermore, overexpression of Dnaic2 promoted phosphorylation of Stat3. In conclusion, our study suggests that Dnaic2 plays a role in oogenesis and spermatogenesis by activation of Stat3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojuan Yang
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaopeng Hu
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Yao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunhui Tang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuifeng Qian
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuzeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Bai
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Wu
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Stem cells have great value in clinical application because of their ability to self-renew and their potential to differentiate into many different cell types. Mammalian gonads, including testes for males and ovaries for females, are composed of germline and somatic cells. In male mammals, spermatogonial stem cells maintain spermatogenesis which occurs continuously in adult testis. Likewise, a growing body of evidence demonstrated that female germline stem cells could be found in mammalian ovaries. Meanwhile, prior studies have shown that somatic stem cells exist in both testes and ovaries. In this chapter, we focus on mammalian gonad stem cells and discuss their characteristics as well as differentiation potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wu
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental & Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800. Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Xinbao Ding
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental & Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800. Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental & Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800. Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
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The Controversy, Challenges, and Potential Benefits of Putative Female Germline Stem Cells Research in Mammals. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:1728278. [PMID: 26788065 PMCID: PMC4693009 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1728278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The conventional view is that female mammals lose their ability to generate new germ cells after birth. However, in recent years, researchers have successfully isolated and cultured a type of germ cell from postnatal ovaries in a variety of mammalian species that have the abilities of self-proliferation and differentiation into oocytes, and this finding indicates that putative germline stem cells maybe exist in the postnatal mammalian ovaries. Herein, we review the research history and discovery of putative female germline stem cells, the concept that putative germline stem cells exist in the postnatal mammalian ovary, and the research progress, challenge, and application of putative germline stem cells in recent years.
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Norling A, Hirschberg AL, Rodriguez-Wallberg KA, Iwarsson E, Wedell A, Barbaro M. Identification of a duplication within the GDF9 gene and novel candidate genes for primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) by a customized high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization platform. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:1818-27. [PMID: 24939957 PMCID: PMC4093997 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis of DNA samples from women with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) improve the diagnosis of the condition and identify novel candidate genes for POI? SUMMARY ANSWER A mutation affecting the regulatory region of growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) was identified for the first time together with several novel candidate genes for POI. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Most patients with POI do not receive a molecular diagnosis despite a significant genetic component in the pathogenesis. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We performed a case–control study. Twenty-six patients were analyzed by array CGH for identification of copy number variants. Novel changes were investigated in 95 controls and in a separate population of 28 additional patients with POI. The experimental procedures were performed during a 1-year period. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS DNA samples from 26 patients with POI were analyzed by a customized 1M array-CGH platform with whole genome coverage and probe enrichment targeting 78 genes in sex development. By PCR amplification and sequencing, the breakpoint of an identified partial GDF9 gene duplication was characterized. A multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) probe set for specific identification of deletions/duplications affecting GDF9 was developed. An MLPA probe set for the identification of additional cases or controls carrying novel candidate regions identified by array-CGH was developed. Sequencing of three candidate genes was performed. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Eleven unique copy number changes were identified in a total of 11 patients, including a tandem duplication of 475 bp, containing part of the GDF9 gene promoter region. The duplicated region contains three NOBOX-binding elements and an E-box, important for GDF9 gene regulation. This aberration is likely causative of POI. Fifty-four patients were investigated for copy number changes within GDF9, but no additional cases were found. Ten aberrations constituting novel candidate regions were detected, including a second DNAH6 deletion in a patient with POI. Other identified candidate genes were TSPYL6, SMARCC1, CSPG5 and ZFR2. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This is a descriptive study and no functional experiments were performed. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The study illustrates the importance of analyzing small copy number changes in addition to sequence alterations in the genetic investigation of patients with POI. Also, promoter regions should be included in the investigation. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The study was supported by grants from the Swedish Research council (project no 12198 to A.W. and project no 20324 to A.L.H.), Stockholm County Council (E.I., A.W. and K.R.W.), Foundation Frimurare Barnhuset (A.N., A.W. and M.B.), Karolinska Institutet (A.N., A.L.H., E.I., A.W. and M.B.), Novo Nordic Foundation (A.W.) and Svenska Läkaresällskapet (M.B.). The funding sources had no involvement in the design or analysis of the study. The authors have no competing interests to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Norling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A L Hirschberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - K A Rodriguez-Wallberg
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Section for Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Fertility Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Iwarsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Wedell
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases (CMMS), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - M Barbaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases (CMMS), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
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Zhang Y, Yang Z, Yang Y, Wang S, Shi L, Xie W, Sun K, Zou K, Wang L, Xiong J, Xiang J, Wu J. Production of transgenic mice by random recombination of targeted genes in female germline stem cells. J Mol Cell Biol 2010; 3:132-41. [DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjq043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Yang ZJ, Sun N, Wang SQ, Tian GG, Wu J. Molecular cloning and expression of a new gene, GON-SJTU1 in the rat testis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2010; 8:43. [PMID: 20462432 PMCID: PMC2887876 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-8-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spermatogenesis is a complex process involving cell development, differentiation and apoptosis. This process is governed by a series of genes whose expressions are highly regulated. Male infertility can be attributed to multiple genetic defects or alterations that are related to spermatogenesis. The discovery, cloning and further functional study of genes related to spermatogenesis is of great importance to the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of spermatogenesis. It is also physiologically and pathologically significant to the therapy of male infertility. METHODS GON-SJTU1 was identified and cloned from rat testis by cDNA library screening and 3'-and 5'-RACE. The products of GON-SJTU1 were assessed by Northern and Western blotting. The expression of GON-SJTU1 was also examined by In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Here we identified and cloned a new gene, GON-SJTU1, with the biological process of spermatogenesis. GON-SJTU1 is highly expressed in the testis from day 1 to 15 and then decreased, suggesting that GON-SJTU1 might be a time-related gene and involved in the early stage of spermatogenesis. And the expression of GON-SJTU1 in the testis occurred in some male germ cells, particularly in gonocytes and spermatogonial stem cells. CONCLUSION GON-SJTU1 may play a role in the biological process of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-juan Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ning Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shu-qin Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Geng G Tian
- School of Life Science, Nanjin Normal University, Nanjin, Jiangsu 210097, China
| | - Ji Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Zou K, Yuan Z, Yang Z, Luo H, Sun K, Zhou L, Xiang J, Shi L, Yu Q, Zhang Y, Hou R, Wu J. Production of offspring from a germline stem cell line derived from neonatal ovaries. Nat Cell Biol 2009; 11:631-6. [PMID: 19363485 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The idea that females of most mammalian species have lost the capacity for oocyte production at birth has been challenged recently by the finding that juvenile and adult mouse ovaries possess mitotically active germ cells. However, the existence of female germline stem cells (FGSCs) in postnatal mammalian ovaries still remains a controversial issue among reproductive biologists and stem cell researchers. We have now established a neonatal mouse FGSC line, with normal karyotype and high telomerase activity, by immunomagnetic isolation and culture for more than 15 months. FGSCs from adult mice were isolated and cultured for more than 6 months. These FGSCs were infected with GFP virus and transplanted into ovaries of infertile mice. Transplanted cells underwent oogenesis and the mice produced offspring that had the GFP transgene. These findings contribute to basic research into oogenesis and stem cell self-renewal and open up new possibilities for use of FGSCs in biotechnology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zou
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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