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Kim KS, Seibert JT, Edea Z, Graves KL, Kim ES, Keating AF, Baumgard LH, Ross JW, Rothschild MF. Characterization of the acute heat stress response in gilts: III. Genome-wide association studies of thermotolerance traits in pigs. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:2074-2085. [PMID: 29669012 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is one of the limiting factors negatively affecting pig production, health, and fertility. Characterizing genomic regions responsible for variation in HS tolerance would be useful in identifying important genetic factor(s) regulating physiological responses to HS. In the present study, we performed genome-wide association analyses for respiration rate (RR), rectal temperature (TR), and skin temperature (TS) during HS in 214 crossbred gilts genotyped for 68,549 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) using the Porcine SNP 70K BeadChip. Considering the top 0.1% smoothed phenotypic variances explained by SNP windows, we detected 26, 26, 21, and 14 genes that reside within SNPs explaining the largest proportion of variance (top 25 SNP windows) and associated with change in RR (ΔRR) from thermoneutral (TN) conditions to HS environment, as well as the change in prepubertal TR (ΔTR), change in postpubertal ΔTR, and change in TS (ΔTS), respectively. The region between 28.85 Mb and 29.10 Mb on chromosome 16 explained about 0.05% of the observed variation for ΔRR. The growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene resides in this region and is associated with the HS response. The other important candidate genes associated with ΔRR (PAIP1, NNT, and TEAD4), ΔTR (LIMS2, TTR, and TEAD4), and ΔTS (ERBB4, FKBP1B, NFATC2, and ATP9A) have reported roles in the cellular stress response. The SNP explaining the largest proportion of variance and located within and in the vicinity of genes were related to apoptosis or cellular stress and are potential candidates that underlie the physiological response to HS in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan-Suk Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.,Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Jacob T Seibert
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Zewde Edea
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Kody L Graves
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Eui-Soo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.,Recombinetics, St. Paul, MN
| | | | | | - Jason W Ross
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Brown PA, Khan AS, Draghia-Akli R, Pope MA, Bodles-Brakhop AM, Kern DR. Effects of administration of two growth hormone–releasing hormone plasmids to gilts on sow and litter performance for the subsequent three gestations. Am J Vet Res 2012; 73:1428-34. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.73.9.1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
For plasmid-mediated gene therapy applications, a major limitation to scale up from rodents to large animals is the low expression level of injected plasmid DNA. The electroporation technique, which results in the passage of foreign material through the cell membrane, is one method that has been shown to be effective at improving local plasmid uptake and consequently, expression levels. Previous studies have determined that optimized electroporation parameters (such as electric field intensity, number of pulses, lag time between plasmid injections and electroporations, and optimal plasmid formulation conditions) are dependent on the target muscle type and individual species. Here, we provide a detailed protocol to optimize conditions for the successful intramuscular electroporation of plasmid DNA to swine, a large animal model. Our results suggest that the technique is safe and effective for veterinary applications. Furthermore, these results provide evidence for the feasibility of upcoming human applications.
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Khan AS, Bodles-Brakhop AM, Fiorotto ML, Draghia-Akli R. Effects of maternal plasmid GHRH treatment on offspring growth. Vaccine 2010; 28:1905-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Bodles-Brakhop AM, Heller R, Draghia-Akli R. Electroporation for the delivery of DNA-based vaccines and immunotherapeutics: current clinical developments. Mol Ther 2009; 17:585-92. [PMID: 19223870 PMCID: PMC2835112 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2009.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 12/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroporation (EP) has been used in basic research for the past 25 years to aid in the transfer of DNA into cells in vitro. EP in vivo enhances transfer of DNA vaccines and therapeutic plasmids to the skin, muscle, tumors, and other tissues resulting in high levels of expression, often with serological and clinical benefits. The recent interest in nonviral gene transfer as treatment options for a vast array of conditions has resulted in the refinement and optimization of EP technology. Current research has revealed that EP can be successfully used in many species, including humans. Clinical trials are currently under way. Herein, the transition of EP from basic science to clinical trials will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Bodles-Brakhop
- VGX Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2700 Research Forest Drive, Suite 180, The Woodlands, Texas 77381, USA.
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