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Jacobson KA, Merighi S, Varani K, Borea PA, Baraldi S, Tabrizi MA, Romagnoli R, Baraldi PG, Ciancetta A, Tosh DK, Gao ZG, Gessi S. A 3 Adenosine Receptors as Modulators of Inflammation: From Medicinal Chemistry to Therapy. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:1031-1072. [PMID: 28682469 PMCID: PMC5756520 DOI: 10.1002/med.21456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The A3 adenosine receptor (A3 AR) subtype is a novel, promising therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriasis, as well as liver cancer. A3 AR is coupled to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, leading to modulation of transcription. Furthermore, A3 AR affects functions of almost all immune cells and the proliferation of cancer cells. Numerous A3 AR agonists, partial agonists, antagonists, and allosteric modulators have been reported, and their structure-activity relationships (SARs) have been studied culminating in the development of potent and selective molecules with drug-like characteristics. The efficacy of nucleoside agonists may be suppressed to produce antagonists, by structural modification of the ribose moiety. Diverse classes of heterocycles have been discovered as selective A3 AR blockers, although with large species differences. Thus, as a result of intense basic research efforts, the outlook for development of A3 AR modulators for human therapeutics is encouraging. Two prototypical selective agonists, N6-(3-Iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (IB-MECA; CF101) and 2-chloro-N6-(3-iodobenzyl)-adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (Cl-IB-MECA; CF102), have progressed to advanced clinical trials. They were found safe and well tolerated in all preclinical and human clinical studies and showed promising results, particularly in psoriasis and RA, where the A3 AR is both a promising therapeutic target and a biologically predictive marker, suggesting a personalized medicine approach. Targeting the A3 AR may pave the way for safe and efficacious treatments for patient populations affected by inflammatory diseases, cancer, and other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Andrea Borea
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Baraldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mojgan Aghazadeh Tabrizi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Romeo Romagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Giovanni Baraldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonella Ciancetta
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Dilip K. Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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The Polymorphism in ADORA3 Decreases Transcriptional Activity and Influences the Chronic Heart Failure Risk in the Chinese. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4969385. [PMID: 29955603 PMCID: PMC6000890 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4969385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim To investigate the genetic contribution of adenosine A3 receptor (ADORA3) gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods Firstly, a case-control study was performed to investigate the association of ADORA3 polymorphisms with CHF risk. Three hundred northern Chinese Han CHF patients and 400 ethnicity-matched healthy controls were included. Four polymorphisms were genotyped. This case-control study was also replicated in 304 CHF patients and 402 controls from southern China. Finally, the functional variability of positive polymorphism was analyzed using luciferase reporter assay and real-time PCR. Results Overall, the rs1544223 was significantly associated with CHF risk under the dominant model (P = 0.046, OR = 1.662, 95% CI = 1.009-2.738). But it did not affect disease severity. These results were also consistent in replicated population. In addition, the transcriptional activity for promoter with the A allele was lower than that with the G allele (n = 3, 4.501 ± 0.308 versus 0.571 ± 0.114, P < 0.01) and ADORA3 mRNA levels were significantly higher in GG homozygotes than subjects carrying GA (n = 6, 0.058 ± 0.01 versus 0.143 ± 0.068, P = 0.004) or AA genotypes (n = 6, 0.065 ± 0.01 versus 0.143 ± 0.068, P = 0.008). Conclusions Should the findings be validated by further studies with larger patient samples and in different ethnicities, they may provide novel insight into the pathogenesis of CHF.
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Zhang Y, Li Q, Wu F, Zhou R, Qi Y, Su N, Chen L, Xu S, Jiang T, Zhang C, Cheng G, Chen X, Kong D, Wang Y, Zhang T, Zi J, Wei W, Gao Y, Zhen B, Xiong Z, Wu S, Yang P, Wang Q, Wen B, He F, Xu P, Liu S. Tissue-Based Proteogenomics Reveals that Human Testis Endows Plentiful Missing Proteins. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:3583-94. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for
Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qidan Li
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feilin Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for
Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
- Life Science
College, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, P. R, China
| | - Ruo Zhou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yingzi Qi
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for
Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Na Su
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for
Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lingsheng Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for
Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
- State
Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | | | - Tao Jiang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Chengpu Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for
Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | | | - Xinguo Chen
- Institute of Organ Transportation, General Hospital of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Degang Kong
- General
Surgery Dept., Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing YouAn Hospital, Beijing 100069, China
| | | | - Tao Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for
Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jin Zi
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for
Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for
Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Bei Zhen
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for
Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhi Xiong
- Life Science
College, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, P. R, China
| | - Songfeng Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for
Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- Institutes
of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 130 DongAn Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Quanhui Wang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Wen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Fuchu He
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for
Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ping Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for
Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
- Key
Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan
University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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The association of ADORA2A and ADORA2B polymorphisms with the risk and severity of chronic heart failure: a case-control study of a northern Chinese population. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:2732-46. [PMID: 25629231 PMCID: PMC4346862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16022732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The causes of chronic heart failure (CHF) and its progression are likely to be due to complex genetic factors. Adenosine receptors A2A and A2B (ADORA2A and ADORA2B, respectively) play an important role in cardio-protection. Therefore, polymorphisms in the genes encoding those receptors may affect the risk and severity of CHF. This study was a case-control comparative investigation of 300 northern Chinese Han CHF patients and 400 ethnicity-matched healthy controls. Four common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ADORA2A (rs2236625, rs2236624, rs4822489, and rs5751876) and one SNP of ADORA2B (rs7208480) were genotyped and an association between SNPs and clinical outcomes was evaluated. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association. The rs4822489 was significantly associated with the severity of CHF after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors (p = 0.040, OR = 1.912, 95% CI = 1.029–3.550). However, the five SNPs as well as the haplotypes were not found to be associated with CHF susceptibility. The findings of this study suggest that rs4822489 may contribute to the severity of CHF in the northern Chinese. However, further studies performed in larger populations and aimed at better defining the role of this gene are required.
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The adenosine deaminase gene polymorphism is associated with chronic heart failure risk in Chinese. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:15259-71. [PMID: 25170811 PMCID: PMC4200810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150915259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine (Ado) is an important cardioprotective agent. Since endogenous Ado levels are affected by the enzyme Ado deaminase (ADA), polymorphisms within the ADA gene may exert some effect on chronic heart failure (CHF). This study applied a case-control investigation to 300 northern Chinese Han CHF patients and 400 ethnicity-matched healthy controls in which nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ADA were genotyped and association analyses were performed. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess the association. Overall, rs452159 polymorphism in ADA gene was significantly associated with susceptibility to CHF under the dominant model (p = 0.013, OR = 1.537, 95% CI = 1.10–2.16), after adjustment for age, sex, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. No difference in genotype distribution and allele frequency for the rs452159 according to the functional New York Heart Association class was found. Furthermore, the values of left ventricular ejection fraction, left-ventricle end-diastolic diameter or left-ventricle end-systolic diameter did not differ significantly among the different rs452159 genotype CHF patients. Although further studies with larger cohorts and other ethnicities are required to validate the conclusions, the findings of this study potentially provide novel insight into the pathogenesis of CHF.
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Latkovskis G, Urtane I, Knipse A, Peculis R, Cakstina I, Klovins J, Erglis A. Role of genetic factors on the effect of additional loading doses and two maintenance doses used to overcome clopidogrel hyporesponsiveness. MEDICINA-LITHUANIA 2014; 50:19-27. [PMID: 25060201 DOI: 10.1016/j.medici.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Additional loading doses and higher maintenance doses (MDs) have been used to overcome hyporesponsiveness of clopidogrel. We aimed to investigate whether genetic polymorphisms of two cytochromes (CYP2C19 and CYP2C9) and ABCB1 modify effect of such dose-adjustment strategy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We enrolled 118 patients undergoing elective or acute percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug eluting stent (DES). Platelet reactivity index (PRI) was measured using the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) index and a cut-off value of ≥ 60% was defined as hyporesponsiveness. Polymorphism of two cytochromes (CYP2C19, CYP2C9) and gene ABCB1 were determined. In patients hyporesponsive to the initial LD the dose-adjustment was performed using up to 3 additional 600 mg LDs in order to achieve PRI <60%, and both 150 mg and 75 mg MD were tested at the follow-up. RESULTS Patients with at least one CYP2C19*2 allele had higher baseline PRI after the initial LD (78.2 ± 13.1 vs. 65.3 ± 19.5, P=0.005). The PRI reduction with additional LD was significantly smaller in carriers of the CYP2C19*2 (25.2 ± 15.6 vs. 35.5 ± 16.8, P=0.025) and similar trend was observed with subsequent additional LDs. Both MDs were less effective in presence of CYP2C19*2. Target PRI was, however, more frequently achieved with higher MD even in presence of CYP2C19*2 (in 70.6% vs. 23.5% of hyporesponders, P=0.008). No such differences were observed for other polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS In patients hyporesponsive to a routine clopidogrel doses the potency of additional LD and higher MD of clopidogrel is compromised by presence of CYP2C19*2 allele. The dose-adjustment strategy is not affected by ABCB1 C3435T or CYP2C9 genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavs Latkovskis
- Latvian Centre of Cardiology, Paul Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Latvian Research Institute of Cardiology, Riga, Latvia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Inga Urtane
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Agnese Knipse
- Latvian Centre of Cardiology, Paul Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Raitis Peculis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Inese Cakstina
- Cell Transplantation Centre, Paul Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Janis Klovins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Andrejs Erglis
- Latvian Centre of Cardiology, Paul Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Latvian Research Institute of Cardiology, Riga, Latvia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
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Rovite V, Maurins U, Megnis K, Vaivade I, Pečulis R, Rits J, Prave S, Klovins J. Association of F11 polymorphism rs2289252 with deep vein thrombosis and related phenotypes in population of Latvia. Thromb Res 2014; 134:659-63. [PMID: 25091233 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has a strong inherited predisposition that is partly explained by the strong genetic risk factors such as mutations in factor V, prothrombin, antithrombin III, protein C and S genes. Only recently the first GWAS have been performed on DVT resulting in discovery of novel genetic variants, however, the information on the common polymorphisms predisposing to the risk of DVT is still scarce. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here we selected six SNPs (rs5361 in SELE, rs2066865 in FGG, rs2227589 in SERPINC1, rs1613662 in GP6, rs13146272 in CYP4V2, rs2289252 in F11) reported to be associated with venous thrombosis conditions and studied the association of these common variants in selected case (n=177) and control (n=235) groups from population of Latvia. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan hybridization probe SNP genotyping assay. RESULTS Patients with DVT had a significantly higher frequency of F11 rs2289252 polymorphism (p=0.001; OR [95%CI]=1.61 [1.20-2.14]). When stratified by recurrence of DVT the tendency was observed that the same SNP had higher OR value in group of DVT patients with repeated episodes of DVT compared to patients with single DVT episode (p=0.009; OR [95%CI]=2.27[1.22-4.21] and p=0.009; OR [95%CI]=1.52[1.11-2.08] respectively), but due to limited group of cases this finding should be replicated. CONCLUSION We conclude that F11 gene variant rs2289252 contribute to inherited forms of DVT incidence and correlation of other analysed SNPs should be explored in populations with greater sample size and associated with various thrombosis related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vita Rovite
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites str. 1, LV-1067, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Uidis Maurins
- Dr. Maurins Vein Clinic, Kokneses pr. 18a, LV- 1014, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Kaspars Megnis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites str. 1, LV-1067, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Iveta Vaivade
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites str. 1, LV-1067, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Raitis Pečulis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites str. 1, LV-1067, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Juris Rits
- Dr. Maurins Vein Clinic, Kokneses pr. 18a, LV- 1014, Riga, Latvia
| | - Sandra Prave
- Dr. Maurins Vein Clinic, Kokneses pr. 18a, LV- 1014, Riga, Latvia
| | - Janis Klovins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites str. 1, LV-1067, Riga, Latvia.
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Rovite V, Petrovska R, Vaivade I, Kalnina I, Fridmanis D, Zaharenko L, Peculis R, Pirags V, Schioth HB, Klovins J. The role of common and rare MC4R variants and FTO polymorphisms in extreme form of obesity. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:1491-500. [PMID: 24385306 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2994-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) is an important regulator of food intake and number of studies report genetic variations influencing the risk of obesity. Here we explored the role of common genetic variation from MC4R locus comparing with SNPs from gene FTO locus, as well as the frequency and functionality of rare MC4R mutations in cohort of 380 severely obese individuals (BMI > 39 kg/m(2)) and 380 lean subjects from the Genome Database of Latvian Population (LGDB). We found correlation for two SNPs--rs11642015 and rs62048402 in the fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) with obesity but no association was detected for rs17782313 located in the MC4R locus in these severely obese individuals. We sequenced the whole gene MC4R coding region in all study subjects and found five previously known heterozygous non-synonymous substitutions V103I, I121T, S127L, V166I and I251L. Expression in mammalian cells showed that the S127L, V166I and double V103I/S127L mutant receptors had significantly decreased quantity at the cell surface compared to the wild type MC4R. We carried out detailed functional analysis of V166I that demonstrated that, despite low abundance in plasma membrane, the V166I variant has lower EC50 value upon αMSH activation than the wild type receptor, while the level of AGRP inhibition was decreased, implying that V166I cause hyperactive satiety signalling. Overall, this study suggest that S127L may be the most frequent functional MC4R mutation leading to the severe obesity in general population and provides new insight into the functionality of population based variants of the MC4R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vita Rovite
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, 1067, Riga, Latvia
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Polymorphisms in FTO and near TMEM18 associate with type 2 diabetes and predispose to younger age at diagnosis of diabetes. Gene 2013; 527:462-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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