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Davoudi P, Do DN, Rathgeber B, Colombo S, Sargolzaei M, Plastow G, Wang Z, Miar Y. Identification of consensus homozygous regions and their associations with growth and feed efficiency traits in American mink. BMC Genom Data 2024; 25:68. [PMID: 38982354 PMCID: PMC11234557 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-024-01252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent chromosome-based genome assembly and the newly developed 70K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array for American mink (Neogale vison) facilitate the identification of genetic variants underlying complex traits in this species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between consensus runs of homozygosity (ROH) with growth and feed efficiency traits in American mink. A subsample of two mink populations (n = 2,986) were genotyped using the Affymetrix Mink 70K SNP array. The identified ROH segments were included simultaneously, concatenated into consensus regions, and the ROH-based association studies were carried out with linear mixed models considering a genomic relationship matrix for 11 growth and feed efficiency traits implemented in ASReml-R version 4. In total, 298,313 ROH were identified across all individuals, with an average length and coverage of 4.16 Mb and 414.8 Mb, respectively. After merging ROH segments, 196 consensus ROH regions were detected and used for genome-wide ROH-based association analysis. Thirteen consensus ROH regions were significantly (P < 0.01) associated with growth and feed efficiency traits. Several candidate genes within the significant regions are known for their involvement in growth and body size development, including MEF2A, ADAMTS17, POU3F2, and TYRO3. In addition, we found ten consensus ROH regions, defined as ROH islands, with frequencies over 80% of the population. These islands harbored 12 annotated genes, some of which were related to immune system processes such as DTX3L, PARP9, PARP14, CD86, and HCLS1. This is the first study to explore the associations between homozygous regions with growth and feed efficiency traits in American mink. Our findings shed the light on the effects of homozygosity in the mink genome on growth and feed efficiency traits, that can be utilized in developing a sustainable breeding program for mink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pourya Davoudi
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Duy Ngoc Do
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Bruce Rathgeber
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Stefanie Colombo
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Mehdi Sargolzaei
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Select Sires Inc, Plain City, OH, USA
| | - Graham Plastow
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Livestock Gentec, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Zhiquan Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Livestock Gentec, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Younes Miar
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada.
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Alexandre PA, Naval-Sánchez M, Menzies M, Nguyen LT, Porto-Neto LR, Fortes MRS, Reverter A. Chromatin accessibility and regulatory vocabulary across indicine cattle tissues. Genome Biol 2021; 22:273. [PMID: 34548076 PMCID: PMC8454054 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02489-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spatiotemporal changes in the chromatin accessibility landscape are essential to cell differentiation, development, health, and disease. The quest of identifying regulatory elements in open chromatin regions across different tissues and developmental stages is led by large international collaborative efforts mostly focusing on model organisms, such as ENCODE. Recently, the Functional Annotation of Animal Genomes (FAANG) has been established to unravel the regulatory elements in non-model organisms, including cattle. Now, we can transition from prediction to validation by experimentally identifying the regulatory elements in tropical indicine cattle. The identification of regulatory elements, their annotation and comparison with the taurine counterpart, holds high promise to link regulatory regions to adaptability traits and improve animal productivity and welfare. RESULTS We generate open chromatin profiles for liver, muscle, and hypothalamus of indicine cattle through ATAC-seq. Using robust methods for motif discovery, motif enrichment and transcription factor binding sites, we identify potential master regulators of the epigenomic profile in these three tissues, namely HNF4, MEF2, and SOX factors, respectively. Integration with transcriptomic data allows us to confirm some of their target genes. Finally, by comparing our results with Bos taurus data we identify potential indicine-specific open chromatin regions and overlaps with indicine selective sweeps. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide insights into the identification and analysis of regulatory elements in non-model organisms, the evolution of regulatory elements within two cattle subspecies as well as having an immediate impact on the animal genetics community in particular for a relevant productive species such as tropical cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmela A Alexandre
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 306 Carmody Rd., QLD, 4067, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Marina Naval-Sánchez
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 306 Carmody Rd., QLD, 4067, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Moira Menzies
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 306 Carmody Rd., QLD, 4067, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Loan T Nguyen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Marina R S Fortes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Antonio Reverter
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 306 Carmody Rd., QLD, 4067, Brisbane, Australia
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Niu Q, Zhang T, Xu L, Wang T, Wang Z, Zhu B, Zhang L, Gao H, Song J, Li J, Xu L. Integration of selection signatures and multi-trait GWAS reveals polygenic genetic architecture of carcass traits in beef cattle. Genomics 2021; 113:3325-3336. [PMID: 34314829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Carcass merits are widely considered as economically important traits affecting beef production in the beef cattle industry. However, the genetic basis of carcass traits remains to be well understood. Here, we applied multiple methods, including the Composite of Likelihood Ratio (CLR) and Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS), to explore the selection signatures and candidate variants affecting carcass traits. We identified 11,600 selected regions overlapping with 2214 candidate genes, and most of those were enriched in binding and gene regulation. Notably, we identified 66 and 110 potential variants significantly associated with carcass traits using single-trait and multi-traits analyses, respectively. By integrating selection signatures with single and multi-traits associations, we identified 12 and 27 putative genes, respectively. Several highly conserved missense variants were identified in OR5M13D, NCAPG, and TEX2. Our study supported polygenic genetic architecture of carcass traits and provided novel insights into the genetic basis of complex traits in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunhao Niu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianliu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zezhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lupei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huijiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiuzhou Song
- Department of Animal and Avian Science, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Junya Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lingyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Impact of prenatal maternal nutrition and parental residual feed intake (RFI) on mRNA abundance of metabolic drivers of growth and development in young Angus bulls. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Zhou D, Xu H, Chen W, Wang Y, Zhang M, Yang T. Study on the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of the MyoD1 gene in Guanling bovine. RSC Adv 2018; 8:12409-12419. [PMID: 35548782 PMCID: PMC9087982 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11795g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The MyoD1 gene plays a key role in regulating the myoblast differentiation process in the early stage of skeletal muscle development. To understand the functional elements of the promoter region and transcriptional regulation of the bovine MyoD1 gene, we cloned eight fragments from the sequence region of the MyoD1 gene promoter and inserted them into eukaryotic expression vectors for cotransfection with the mouse myoblast cell line C2C12 and Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) line. A variety of transcription factor binding sites in the longest 5'-flanking fragment from Guanling cattle MyoD1-P1 were predicted by using the online software TFSEARCH and ALGGEN PROMO as well as validated by the promoter-binding TF profiling assay II and yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assay, including MyoD, VDR, MEF1, MEF2, SF1, and Myf6. Myf6 strongly activated the MyoD1 promoter, while MyoD1 was also capable of efficiently activating the expression of its own promoter. The transcription factors MEF2A, SF1, and VDR were further confirmed to be capable of binding to MyoD1 by Y1H system experiments. The effects of the Guanling cattle MyoD1 gene on the mRNA expression of the MEF2A, SF1, and VDR genes were determined by using a lentivirus-mediated overexpression technique, confirming that overexpression of the MyoD1 gene upregulated the mRNA expression of MEF2A as well as downregulated the expression of SF1 and VDR in the process of muscle myogenesis. Our study revealed the effects of transcription factors including MEF2A, SF1 and VDR on regulatory aspects of MyoD1, providing abundant information for transcriptional regulation of MyoD1 in muscle differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Cell and Molecular Biology (PhD), Animal Department, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
- College of Life Science, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Houqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Cell and Molecular Biology (PhD), Animal Department, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Cell and Molecular Biology (PhD), Animal Department, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Cell and Molecular Biology (PhD), Animal Department, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Cell and Molecular Biology (PhD), Animal Department, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Cell and Molecular Biology (PhD), Animal Department, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
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Reddy KE, Jeong J, Lee SD, Baek YC, Oh Y, Kim M, So KM, Kim DW, Kim JH, Park S, Lee HJ. Effect of different early weaning regimens for calves on adipogenic gene expression in Hanwoo loin at the fattening stage. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Juszczuk-Kubiak E, Bujko K, Grześ M, Cymer M, Wicińska K, Szostak A, Pierzchała M. Study of bovine gene: the temporal-spatial expression patterns, polymorphism and association analysis with meat production traits. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:4536-4548. [PMID: 27898947 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene () encodes a transcription factor belonging to the MEF2 family that plays an important role in myogenesis by transcriptional regulation of genes involved in skeletal muscle growth and development. Despite the established importance of the factors in the muscular growth and development, the temporal-spatial expression and biological function of have not been reported in cattle. The aim of this study was to analyze the level of expression in the developing longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) of 4 cattle breeds (Polish Holstein-Friesian [HF], Limousine [LIM], Hereford [HER], Polish Red [PR]), differing in terms of meat production and utility type, at 6, 9, and 12 mo of age. The genetic polymorphism and expression patterns in 6 tissues (heart, spleen, liver, semitendinosus muscle [ST], gluteus medius muscle [GM], and LM) were also investigated. The results showed that mRNA was expressed at a high level in adult skeletal and cardiac muscles. Moreover, expression was markedly greater in the GM than in the LM ( 0.05) and ST ( 0.01). An age-dependent and breed-specific comparison of mRNA level in skeletal muscle of HF, LIM, HER, and PR bulls showed that age was significant differentiating factor of transcript/protein abundance in the LM of HER and LIM ( 0.001) compared to HF and PR, for which the differences in mRNA level were not significant ( > 0.05). Regarding the breed effect on the expression, significantly greater mRNA/protein level was noticed in the LM of 9 and 12 mo-old HER than of LIM ( 0.01), HF ( 0.001), and PR ( 0.001). Four novel SNP, namely, (promoter), (exon 7), (exon 8), and (3'UTR), were identified. We found that 3'UTR variant, situated within the seed region of the miR-5187-3p and miR-6931-5p binding sites, was associated with the level of mRNA/protein in LM of 12-mo-old HF bulls. In addition, we observed a significant association between some carcass quality traits, including meat and carcass fatness quality traits, and various 3'UTR genotypes in the investigated population of HF cattle. Our finding provides new evidence of the significant role in the postnatal muscle growth and development in cattle, and indicates that can be a promising molecular marker for carcass quality-related traits in adult cattle.
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Wu Q, Yu H, Fang X, Cheng Y, Dong L, Wei W, Wang G, Fu H, Liu S, Hao L. The association of haplotypes inIGFBP-3gene promoter region and tissue expressions in three pig breeds. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2016.1253614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Chen L, Cheng B, Li L, Zhan S, Wang L, Zhong T, Chen Y, Zhang H. The molecular characterization and temporal-spatial expression of myocyte enhancer factor 2 genes in the goat and their association with myofiber traits. Gene 2014; 555:223-30. [PMID: 25447896 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) gene family in vertebrates includes MEF2A, MEF2B, MEF2C, and MEF2D, which have important functions in the regulation of muscular growth and development. To investigate their temporal-spatial expression and functions in the goat, these genes were cloned (accession nos. JN967621-24) and their expression patterns characterized at five postnatal stages (3, 30, 60, 90, and 120days). Association analysis was then applied regarding MEF2 expression levels and myofiber diameter and density. MEF2B was shown to be weakly homologous with other species, the distant branches with other members and the lowest expression levels, suggesting that it is distinct from other family members. Expression of the other three MEF2 genes was widely distributed, but this was largely accumulated in the skeletal muscle and myocardium compared with the viscera at all developmental stages. MEF2A and MEF2D expression levels were higher overall than MEF2B and MEF2C in six tissues, and were significantly positively correlated with the myofiber diameter of the longissimus dorsi. These findings suggest that goat MEF2 genes mainly function in the skeletal muscle and myocardium, and that MEF2A and MEF2D are likely to effectively promote muscular growth and development during postnatal stages. MEF2A expression was highest in the myocardium, where MEF2C expression increased with age, implying that both gene products are related to the growth and development of postnatal myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Siyuan Zhan
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute of Nanjiang Yellow Goat Breeding Science, Nanjiang 635600, China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China.
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Juszczuk-Kubiak E, Wicińska K, Starzyński RR. Postnatal expression patterns and polymorphism analysis of the bovine myocyte enhancer factor 2C (Mef2C) gene. Meat Sci 2014; 98:753-8. [PMID: 25108515 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the level of expression of the Mef2C gene in the developing bovine longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle (at 6, 9 and 12months of age) and to evaluate differences in expression among Polish Holstein-Friesian (HO) and Limousine (LM) bulls. Moreover, the expression patterns of Mef2C in different tissues were determined. The results showed that Mef2C mRNA was expressed at a high level in adult skeletal and cardiac muscles. Moreover, Mef2C expression was markedly lower in the semitendinosus (ST) than in the gluteus medius (GM) and LD muscles. A relatively higher Mef2C mRNA and MEF2C protein level was estimated in the muscles of HO bulls at the age of 12months in comparison with its lower expression in LM bulls. Furthermore, we found that the Mef2C promoter variant (GU211004:g.-1606C>T) does not affect the level of mRNA in the LD and ST muscles of 12-month-old HO bulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Juszczuk-Kubiak
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland.
| | - K Wicińska
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - R R Starzyński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
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Juszczuk-Kubiak E, Starzyński RR, Sakowski T, Wicińska K, Flisikowski K. Effects of new polymorphisms in the bovine myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D) gene on the expression rates of the longissimus dorsi muscle. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:8387-93. [PMID: 22714905 PMCID: PMC3383949 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1689-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D), a product of the MEF2D gene, belongs to the myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) protein family which is involved in vertebrate skeletal muscle development and differentiation during myogenesis. The aim of the present study was to search for polymorphisms in the bovine MEF2D gene and to analyze their effect on MEF2D mRNA and on protein expression levels in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Polish Holstein–Friesian cattle. Overall, three novel variations, namely, insertion/deletion g.−818_−814AGCCG and g.−211C<A transversion in the promoter region as well as g.7C<T transition in the 5′untranslated region (5′UTR), were identified by DNA sequencing. A total, 375 unrelated bulls belonging to six different cattle breeds were genotyped, and three combined genotypes (Ins-C-C/Ins-C-C, Del-A-T/Del-A-T and Ins-C-C/Del-A-T) were determined. The frequency of the combined genotype Ins-C-C/Ins-C-C and Del-A-T/Del-A-T was varied between the breeds and the average frequency was 0.521 and 0.037, respectively. Expression analysis showed that the MEF2D variants were highly correlated with MEF2D mRNA and protein levels in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Polish Holstein–Friesian bulls carrying the three different combined genotypes. The highest MEF2D mRNA and protein levels were estimated in the muscle of bulls with the Ins-C-C/Ins-C-C homozygous genotype as compared to the Del-A-T/Del-A-T homozygotes (P < 0.01) and Ins-C-C/Del-A-T heterozygotes (P < 0.05). A preliminary association study showed no significant differences in the carcass quality traits between bulls with various MEF2D combined genotypes in the investigated population of Polish Holstein–Friesian cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Juszczuk-Kubiak
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
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