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Tikoria R, Kaur A, Ohri P. Physiological, biochemical and structural changes in tomato plants by vermicompost application in different exposure periods under glass house conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107656. [PMID: 37001305 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In modern era, various inorganic fertilizers and pesticides are used as plant growth supplements in a variety of crop in order to gain maximum output and also reported as hazardous to mankind as well as environment. In addition, some of the plants died in initial phase of the growth after germination due to poor nutrient content of the soil or exposure to biotic stresses. In the beginning of sustainable agriculture, these chemical fertilizers were replaced with some alternative growth boosters such as organic fertilizers. In the present study, vermicompost was prepared using garden waste and cattle dung followed by analysis of various physico-chemical properties. Then tomato seeds were allowed to germinate in soil and supplemented with different doses of vermicompost (0-100%). The plants were harvested after 10 and 45 days of their germination and tissues were subjected to analysis of various morphological and biochemical parameters. Morphological parameters included root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight and number of leaves. Whereas biochemical parameters such as protein content, antioxidative enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase), non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbic acid, glutathione, tocopherol), osmolytes (proline, carbohydrate), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll, carotenoid) and secondary metabolites (phenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin) were estimated on UV-visible spectrophotometer using standard protocols. Further, structural analysis of plant tissue was done using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra (FTIR) and carbon hydrogen nitrogen (CHN) elemental analyzer. Results obtained from the present study revealed significant difference in all morphological and biochemical markers at both 10 and 45 days intervals of time. Further, growth of all plants was found to be directly proportional to the concentration of vermicompost and exposure duration. FTIR spectra and CHN analyses reveal the breakdown of various complex compounds and their transformation from Vcom amended soil to roots of plants. This is the first study in which significant changes were observed in growth, physiology and structural composition of tomato plants at two different exposure periods (10 and 45 days) under glass house conditions which further concluded that vermicompost has a significant potential for increasing plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Tikoria
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Arvinder Kaur
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
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Marchev AS, Georgiev MI. Plant In Vitro Systems as a Sustainable Source of Active Ingredients for Cosmeceutical Application. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092006. [PMID: 32344812 PMCID: PMC7248771 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cosmeceuticals are hybrids between cosmetics and pharmaceuticals which are being designed for a dual purpose: (1) To provide desired esthetical effects and (2) simultaneously treat dermatological conditions. The increased demand for natural remedies and the trends to use natural and safe ingredients resulted in intensive cultivation of medicinal plants. However, in many cases the whole process of plant cultivation, complex extraction procedure, and purification of the targeted molecules are not economically feasible. Therefore, the desired production of natural cosmetic products in sustainable and controllable fashion in the last years led to the intensive utilization of plant cell culture technology. The present review aims to highlight examples of biosynthesis of active ingredients derived through plant in vitro systems with potential cosmeceutical application. The exploitation of different type of extracts used in a possible cosmeceutical formulation, as well as, their activity tested in in vitro/in vivo models is thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, opportunities to manipulate the biosynthetic pathway, hence engineering the biosynthesis of some secondary metabolites, such as anthocyanins, have been highlighted.
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Deshmukh AB, Datir SS, Bhonde Y, Kelkar N, Samdani P, Tamhane VA. De novo root transcriptome of a medicinally important rare tree Oroxylum indicum for characterization of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 156:201-213. [PMID: 30317159 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz is a medicinally important and rare tree species of the family Bignoniaceae. It is rich in flavonoid content and its mature roots are extensively used in Ayurvedic formulations. O. indicum specific flavonoids like oroxylin B, prunetin and oroxindin possess antibacterial, antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancerous properties, signifying its importance in modern medicine. In the present study, de novo transcriptome analysis of O. indicum root was performed to elucidate the genes involved in flavonoid metabolism. A total of 24,625,398 high quality reads were assembled into 121,286 transcripts with N50 value 1783. The BLASTx search of 81,002 clustered transcripts against Viridiplantae Uniprot database led to annotation of 46,517 transcripts. Furthermore, Gene ontology (GO) revealed that 34,231 transcripts mapped to 3049 GO terms and KEGG analysis demonstrated that 4570 transcripts plausibly involved in 132 biosynthetic pathways. The transcriptome data indicated that cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (OinCAD) was abundant in phenylpropanoid pathway genes while; naringenin chalcone synthase (OinCHS), flavone synthase (OinFNS) and flavonoid 3', 5'-methyltransferase (OinF35 MT) were abundant in flavonoid, isoflavonoid, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathways, respectively. Transcription factor analysis demonstrated the abundance of MYB, bHLH and WD40 transcription factor families, which regulate the flavonoid biosynthesis. Flavonoid pathway genes displayed differential expression in young and old roots of O. indicum. The transcriptome led to the identification of 31 diverse full length Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) genes which may be involved in biosynthesis of specialized metabolites and flavonoids like baicalein and baicalin. Thus, the information obtained in this study will be a valuable tool for identifying genes and developing system biology approaches for in vitro synthesis of specialized O. indicum metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaditi B Deshmukh
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology (IBB), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sagar S Datir
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Yogesh Bhonde
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology (IBB), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Natasha Kelkar
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology (IBB), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pawan Samdani
- Eumentis Cloud, Office, 310, Amenity Building, Rose Icon, Pimple Saudagar, Pune, 411027, India
| | - Vaijayanti A Tamhane
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology (IBB), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India.
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Wang H, Wang W, Zhan J, Yan A, Sun L, Zhang G, Wang X, Ren J, Huang W, Xu H. The accumulation and localization of chalcone synthase in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 106:165-176. [PMID: 27161583 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chalcone synthase (CHS, E.C.2.3.1.74) is the first committed enzyme in the flavonoid pathway. Previous studies have primarily focused on the cloning, expression and regulation of the gene at the transcriptional level. Little is yet known about the enzyme accumulation, regulation at protein level, as well as its localization in grapevine. In present study, the accumulation, tissue and subcellular localization of CHS in different grapevine tissues (Vitis vinifera L. Cabernet Sauvignon) were investigated via the techniques of Western blotting, immunohistochemical localization, immunoelectron microscopy and confocal microscopy. The results showed that CHS were mainly accumulated in the grape berry skin, leaves, stem tips and stem phloem, correlated with flavonoids accumulation. The accumulation of CHS is developmental dependent in grape berry skin and flesh. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that CHS were primarily localized in the exocarp and vascular bundles of the fruits during berry development; in palisade, spongy tissues and vascular bundles of the leaves; in the primary phloem and pith ray in the stems; in the growth point, leaf primordium, and young leaves of leaf buds; and in the endoderm and primary phloem of grapevine roots. Furthermore, at the subcellular level, the cell wall, cytoplasm and nucleus localized patterns of CHS were observed in the grapevine vegetative tissue cells. Results above indicated that distribution of CHS in grapevine was organ-specific and tissue-specific. This work will provide new insight for the biosynthesis and regulation of diverse flavonoid compounds in grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Wang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, The Institute of Forestry, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Yi He Yuan Hou, Beijing 100091, China
| | - JiCheng Zhan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ailing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jiancheng Ren
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Weidong Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Haiying Xu
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
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Synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins in sour cherries during ripening in accordance with antioxidant capacity development and chalcone synthase expression. Eur Food Res Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2530-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Sun W, Meng X, Liang L, Jiang W, Huang Y, He J, Hu H, Almqvist J, Gao X, Wang L. Molecular and Biochemical Analysis of Chalcone Synthase from Freesia hybrid in flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119054. [PMID: 25742495 PMCID: PMC4351062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chalcone synthase (CHS) catalyzes the first committed step in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. In this study, the cDNA (FhCHS1) encoding CHS from Freesia hybrida was successfully isolated and analyzed. Multiple sequence alignments showed that both the conserved CHS active site residues and CHS signature sequence were found in the deduced amino acid sequence of FhCHS1. Meanwhile, crystallographic analysis revealed that protein structure of FhCHS1 is highly similar to that of alfalfa CHS2, and the biochemical analysis results indicated that it has an enzymatic role in naringenin biosynthesis. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect the transcript levels of FhCHS1 in flowers and different tissues, and patterns of FhCHS1 expression in flowers showed significant correlation to the accumulation patterns of anthocyanin during flower development. To further characterize the functionality of FhCHS1, its ectopic expression in Arabidopsis thaliana tt4 mutants and Petunia hybrida was performed. The results showed that overexpression of FhCHS1 in tt4 mutants fully restored the pigmentation phenotype of the seed coats, cotyledons and hypocotyls, while transgenic petunia expressing FhCHS1 showed flower color alteration from white to pink. In summary, these results suggest that FhCHS1 plays an essential role in the biosynthesis of flavonoid in Freesia hybrida and may be used to modify the components of flavonoids in other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lingjie Liang
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Wangshu Jiang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala, 596, S-75124, Sweden
| | - Yafei Huang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala, 596, S-75124, Sweden
| | - Jing He
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jonas Almqvist
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala, 596, S-75124, Sweden
| | - Xiang Gao
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Deng X, Bashandy H, Ainasoja M, Kontturi J, Pietiäinen M, Laitinen RAE, Albert VA, Valkonen JPT, Elomaa P, Teeri TH. Functional diversification of duplicated chalcone synthase genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis of Gerbera hybrida. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 201:1469-1483. [PMID: 24266452 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
• Chalcone synthase (CHS) is the key enzyme in the first committed step of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and catalyzes the stepwise condensation of 4-coumaroyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA to naringenin chalcone. In plants, CHS is often encoded by a small family of genes that are temporally and spatially regulated. Our earlier studies have shown that GCHS4 is highly activated by ectopic expression of an MYB-type regulator GMYB10 in gerbera (Gerbera hybrida). • The tissue- and development-specific expression patterns of three gerbera CHS genes were examined. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was used to knock down GCHS1 and GCHS4 separately in gerbera inflorescences. • Our data show that GCHS4 is the only CHS encoding gene that is expressed in the cyanidin-pigmented vegetative tissues of gerbera cv Terraregina. GCHS3 expression is pronounced in the pappus bristles of the flowers. Expression of both GCHS1 and GCHS4 is high in the epidermal cells of gerbera petals, but only GCHS1 is contributing to flavonoid biosynthesis. • Gerbera contains a family of three CHS encoding genes showing different spatial and temporal regulation. GCHS4 expression in gerbera petals is regulated post-transcriptionally, at the level of either translation elongation or protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbao Deng
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hany Bashandy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Genetics, Cairo University, 13 Gamaa St., Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Miia Ainasoja
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Kontturi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Milla Pietiäinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roosa A E Laitinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Victor A Albert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Jari P T Valkonen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Elomaa
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu H Teeri
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
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Georgiev V, Ananga A, Tsolova V. Recent advances and uses of grape flavonoids as nutraceuticals. Nutrients 2014; 6:391-415. [PMID: 24451310 PMCID: PMC3916869 DOI: 10.3390/nu6010391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Grape is one of the oldest fruit crops domesticated by humans. The numerous uses of grape in making wine, beverages, jelly, and other products, has made it one of the most economically important plants worldwide. The complex phytochemistry of the berry is characterized by a wide variety of compounds, most of which have been demonstrated to have therapeutic or health promoting properties. Among them, flavonoids are the most abundant and widely studied, and have enjoyed greater attention among grape researchers in the last century. Recent studies have shown that the beneficial health effects promoted by consumption of grape and grape products are attributed to the unique mix of polyphenolic compounds. As the largest group of grape polyphenols, flavonoids are the main candidates considered to have biological properties, including but not limited to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. Here, we discuss the recent scientific advances supporting the beneficial health qualities of grape and grape-derived products, mechanisms of their biological activity, bioavailability, and their uses as nutraceuticals. The advantages of modern plant cell based biotechnology as an alternative method for production of grape nutraceuticals and improvement of their health qualities are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasil Georgiev
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A & M University, 6505 Mahan Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32317, USA.
| | - Anthony Ananga
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A & M University, 6505 Mahan Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32317, USA.
| | - Violeta Tsolova
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A & M University, 6505 Mahan Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32317, USA.
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Nopo-Olazabal C, Hubstenberger J, Nopo-Olazabal L, Medina-Bolivar F. Antioxidant activity of selected stilbenoids and their bioproduction in hairy root cultures of muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:11744-58. [PMID: 23668830 DOI: 10.1021/jf400760k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Stilbenoids are polyphenolic phytoalexins with health-related properties in humans. Muscadine grape ( Vitis rotundifolia ) hairy root cultures were established via Agrobacterium rhizogenes -mediated transformation, and the effects of growth regulators (3-indolebutyric acid and 6-benzylaminopurine) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on stilbenoid production were studied. Twenty-one-day-old hairy root cultures were treated with 100 μM MeJA for 24 h, and then the stilbenoids were extracted from the medium and tissue with ethyl acetate and analyzed by HPLC. Resveratrol, piceid, and ε-viniferin were observed preferentially in tissue, whereas piceatannol was observed only in medium. Growth regulators did not affect the yield of stilbenoids, whereas higher levels were found upon treatment with MeJA. Stilbenoids identified in the hairy root cultures were analyzed for their radical scavenging capacity showing piceatannol and ε-viniferin as the strongest antioxidants. Muscadine grape hairy root cultures were demonstrated to be amenable systems to study stilbenoid biosynthesis and a sustainable source of these bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Nopo-Olazabal
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute and ‡Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, State University, Arkansas 72467, United States
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Lipidol 2013; 24:86-94. [PMID: 23298962 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e32835cb4f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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