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Sanchez-Murguia T, Torres-Castillo N, Magaña-de la Vega L, Rodríguez-Reyes SC, Campos-Pérez W, Martínez-López E. Role of Leu72Met of GHRL and Gln223Arg of LEPR Variants on Food Intake, Subjective Appetite, and Hunger-Satiety Hormones. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102100. [PMID: 35631243 PMCID: PMC9144565 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Appetite regulation has been recognized as a promising target for the prevention of obesity, which has become a worldwide health issue. Polymorphisms in the genes of hormones or receptors including Leu72Met for ghrelin and Gln223Arg for the leptin receptor could play a role in dietary intake, hunger, and satiety process. The aim of this study was to analyze subjective appetite assessments, dietary intake, and appetite hormones in relationship to these polymorphisms. Subjects (n = 132) with normal BMIs were enrolled. Dietary intake was analyzed with 3-day diet records. Subjective appetite was measured by visual analogue scales. Biochemical parameters were measured after 12 h of fasting and 120′ following ingestion of a test meal. Ghrelin and leptin levels were measured by ELISA assay (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and insulin by chemiluminescence assay. The polymorphisms were determined by allelic discrimination using TaqMan® probes. Fasting ghrelin levels differed significantly between men and women. The consumption of fruit and bread/starch with added sugar servings, as indicated by dietary records, and measured ghrelin levels were higher in carriers of Leu72Met/Met72Met compared to Leu72Leu carriers; total sugar intake was higher in Gln223Gln carriers than in Gln223Arg/Arg223Arg carriers. In conclusion, the Leu72Met and Gln223Arg polymorphism in ghrelin and LEPR may contribute to differential responses to a standardized meal as evidenced by higher postprandial levels of ghrelin and may also contribute to a higher dietary sugar intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Sanchez-Murguia
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, JA, Mexico; (T.S.-M.); (N.T.-C.); (L.M.-d.l.V.); (S.C.R.-R.); (W.C.-P.)
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, JA, Mexico
| | - Nathaly Torres-Castillo
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, JA, Mexico; (T.S.-M.); (N.T.-C.); (L.M.-d.l.V.); (S.C.R.-R.); (W.C.-P.)
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, JA, Mexico
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, JA, Mexico
| | - Lisset Magaña-de la Vega
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, JA, Mexico; (T.S.-M.); (N.T.-C.); (L.M.-d.l.V.); (S.C.R.-R.); (W.C.-P.)
| | - Saraí Citlalic Rodríguez-Reyes
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, JA, Mexico; (T.S.-M.); (N.T.-C.); (L.M.-d.l.V.); (S.C.R.-R.); (W.C.-P.)
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, JA, Mexico
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, JA, Mexico
| | - Wendy Campos-Pérez
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, JA, Mexico; (T.S.-M.); (N.T.-C.); (L.M.-d.l.V.); (S.C.R.-R.); (W.C.-P.)
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, JA, Mexico
| | - Erika Martínez-López
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, JA, Mexico; (T.S.-M.); (N.T.-C.); (L.M.-d.l.V.); (S.C.R.-R.); (W.C.-P.)
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, JA, Mexico
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, JA, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-(33)10585200 (ext. 33644)
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Espinoza García AS, Martínez Moreno AG, Reyes Castillo Z. The role of ghrelin and leptin in feeding behavior: Genetic and molecular evidence. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2021; 68:654-663. [PMID: 34906346 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Feeding behavior is integrated within a wide variety of eating behaviors, which depend on psychosocial, biological and environmental factors. These types of behavior can cause nutrition-related diseases such as obesity, which affects more than 650 million people worldwide. Ghrelin and leptin are key hormones that regulate appetite, food intake and energy metabolism. Research in genetics suggests that genetic variants of both hormones are associated with complex forms of eating behavior, such as a preference for palatable food, making individuals susceptible to the modern obesogenic environment. This review analyses the scientific evidence around polymorphisms in the ghrelin and leptin genes and their association with eating behavior. The understanding of these mechanisms is relevant since it could impact on the objectives of pharmacological or behavioral interventions for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Selene Espinoza García
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapotlán el Grande, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alma Gabriela Martínez Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapotlán el Grande, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Zyanya Reyes Castillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapotlán el Grande, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Rezamand G, Mahmoudi T, Tabaeian SP, Farahani H, Shahinmehr F, Nobakht H, Dabiri R, Asadi A, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Zali MR. The "GG" genotype of rs26802 variant in the ghrelin gene is a potential protective factor against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Physiol Int 2021; 108:342-352. [PMID: 34529585 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2021.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging global chronic liver disease worldwide. Considering the powerful association between NAFLD, insulin resistance (IR) and obesity, as well as the key role of ghrelin in these metabolic disorders, we hypothesized that some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ghrelin (GHRL) and ghrelin receptor (GHSR) genes might be associated with NAFLD. Methods We conducted a case-control retrospective study of 150 cases with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 155 controls. The diagnosis of NAFLD was established before the start of the genotyping process. All the 305 subjects were genotyped for GHRL SNP rs26802 or -501T>G and GHSR SNP rs572169 or Arg159Arg using the PCR-RFLP method. Results The GHRL rs26802 "GG" genotype compared with the "TT" genotype and "TT+TG" genotype appears to be a marker of decreased NAFLD susceptibility even after adjustment for confounding factors (P = 0.006; OR = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.03-0.56 and P = 0.003; OR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.05-0.53, respectively). However, we observed no significant difference in genotype or allele frequencies between the cases and controls for GHSR SNP rs572169. Conclusions These findings proposed, for the first time, that the GHRL rs26802 "GG" genotype has a protective effect against NAFLD. Nonetheless, this observation warrants further investigations in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Rezamand
- 1 Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Touraj Mahmoudi
- 2 Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seidamir Pasha Tabaeian
- 1 Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,3 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Farahani
- 4 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shahinmehr
- 5 Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Nobakht
- 6 Internal Medicine Department, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Reza Dabiri
- 6 Internal Medicine Department, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Asadollah Asadi
- 7 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- 8 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GLDRC), Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- 2 Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Genetic associations of TP53 codon Pro72Arg polymorphism (rs1042522) in coronary artery disease: A meta-analysis of candidate genetic mutants. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Espinoza García AS, Martínez Moreno AG, Reyes Castillo Z. The role of ghrelin and leptin in feeding behavior: Genetic and molecular evidence. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2021; 68:S2530-0164(21)00047-1. [PMID: 33812908 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Feeding behavior is integrated within a wide variety of eating behaviors, which depend on psychosocial, biological and environmental factors. These types of behavior can cause nutrition-related diseases such as obesity, which affects more than 650 million people worldwide. Ghrelin and leptin are key hormones that regulate appetite, food intake and energy metabolism. Research in genetics suggests that genetic variants of both hormones are associated with complex forms of eating behavior, such as a preference for palatable food, making individuals susceptible to the modern obesogenic environment. This review analyses the scientific evidence around polymorphisms in the ghrelin and leptin genes and their association with eating behavior. The understanding of these mechanisms is relevant since it could impact on the objectives of pharmacological or behavioral interventions for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Selene Espinoza García
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapotlán el Grande, Jalisco, México
| | - Alma Gabriela Martínez Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapotlán el Grande, Jalisco, México
| | - Zyanya Reyes Castillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapotlán el Grande, Jalisco, México.
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Research progress of ghrelin on cardiovascular disease. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227556. [PMID: 33427286 PMCID: PMC7823193 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin, a 28-aminoacid peptide, was isolated from the human and rat stomach and identified in 1999 as an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue-receptor (GHS-R). In addition to stimulating appetite and regulating energy balance, ghrelin and its receptor GHS-R1a have a direct effect on the cardiovascular system. In recent years, it has been shown that ghrelin exerts cardioprotective effects, including the modulation of sympathetic activity and hypertension, enhancement of the vascular activity and angiogenesis, inhibition of arrhythmias, reduction in heart failure and inhibition of cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). The cardiovascular protective effect of ghrelin may be associated with anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, inhibited sympathetic nerve activation, regulated autophagy, and endothelial dysfunction. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of ghrelin on the cardiovascular system have not been fully elucidated, and no specific therapeutic agent has been established. It is important to further explore the pharmacological potential of ghrelin pathway modulation for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Hedayatizadeh-Omran A, Janbabaei G, Alizadeh-navaei R, Amjadi O, Mahdavi Izadi J, Omrani-Nava V. Association between pre-chemotherapy serum levels of vitamin D and clinicopathologic findings in gastric cancer. CASPIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2020; 11:290-294. [PMID: 32874436 PMCID: PMC7442461 DOI: 10.22088/cjim.11.3.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the serum levels of vitamin D in newly diagnosed gastric cancer (GC) patients compared with normal subjects and any possible association with prognostic variables. METHODS One-hundred subjects (50 GC and 50 controls) were enrolled and serum vitamin D levels were assessed using ELISA. Based on two definitions, vitamin D was classified as a sufficient level (≥30 ng/dL) and optimal level (25-80 ng/dL). The χ2and unpaired t-test was used for data analysis with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS The mean serum levels of vitamin D in patients and controls were 26.86 (±14.6) and 31.72 (±13.4), respectively (P=0.09). The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency was higher in GC cases than controls (P=0.045 if sufficient level ≥30 and P=0.065 if sufficient level ≥25). According to histological grade analysis, grade 3 patients (poorly differentiated) were found with significantly lower vitamin D concentrations in serum than grade 1 and 2 subjects (22.25 vs 33.29 ng/dL, P=0.021). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in pathological tumor-node-metastasis (pTNM) stages, distant metastasis, and location of the tumor. CONCLUSION Higher prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in GC patients may reflect its role in malignancy; however, further studies are needed to confirm this relationship and any possible benefits to the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghasem Janbabaei
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Reza Alizadeh-navaei
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Omolbanin Amjadi
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Jeyran Mahdavi Izadi
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Versa Omrani-Nava
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Correspondence: Versa Omrani-Nava, Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. E-mail: , Tel: 0098 1133361640 , Fax: 0098 1133361640
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Omrani-Nava V, Hedayatizadeh-Omran A, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Mokhberi V, Jalalian R, Janbabaei G, Amjadi O, Rahmatpour G, Mozaffari A. TP53 single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1042522) in Iranian patients with coronary artery disease. Biomed Rep 2018; 9:259-265. [PMID: 30271603 PMCID: PMC6158393 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases including coronary artery disease (CAD) impose a high burden in terms of mortality and disability particularly in developing countries. Both genetic and environmental risk factors confer susceptibility to CAD. Meanwhile, a functional polymorphism in the tumor protein p53 (TP53) gene (codon 72, exon 4) has been reported to be associated with a wide range of cancers and inflammatory disorders. There are controversies regarding CAD and involvement of the TP53 codon 72 single nucleotide polymorphism; therefore, the present case-control study was conducted to evaluate the potential association between this TP53 polymorphism and CAD in an Iranian population. A total of 153 subjects (including 70 patients diagnosed with CAD and 83 subjects with normal coronary parameters, determined by angiography) were genotyped for the TP53 (rs1042522) polymorphism by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Clinical and laboratory findings were also evaluated. The χ2 test and unpaired Student's t-test were applied to compare genotype and allele distributions and clinical characteristics between the two groups. Significant associations of the Pro72 allele [odds ratio (OR)=1.66, P=0.027] and Pro/Pro genotype (OR=2.91, P=0.022) with CAD were identified. No associations between patients' clinical findings and genotypes were apparent. Therefore, according to present findings, the TP53 Pro72 allele may be involved in the development of CAD along with conventional risk factors in patients from Northern Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Versa Omrani-Nava
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran 48166-33131, Iran
| | - Akbar Hedayatizadeh-Omran
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran 48166-33131, Iran
- Correspondence to: Dr Akbar Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 70 Razi Street, Sari, Mazandaran 48166-33131, Iran, E-mail:
| | - Reza Alizadeh-Navaei
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran 48166-33131, Iran
| | - Vahid Mokhberi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran 48471-91971, Iran
| | - Rozita Jalalian
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran 48471-91971, Iran
| | - Ghasem Janbabaei
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran 48166-33131, Iran
| | - Omolbanin Amjadi
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran 48166-33131, Iran
| | - Ghasem Rahmatpour
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran 48166-33131, Iran
| | - Amir Mozaffari
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran 48166-33131, Iran
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Hedayatizadeh-Omran A, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Janbabaei G, Omrani-Nava V, Hasheminasab Y, Amjadi O, Tehrani M. Association of P53 gene polymorphism with gastric cancer in Northern Iran as a high-risk region. Biomed Rep 2018; 8:433-438. [PMID: 29616139 PMCID: PMC5876468 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer has the fourth highest morbidity rate of all cancers worldwide. Genetic factors including alterations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes serve an important role in gastric cancer development and progression. The P53 gene acts as a tumor suppressor gene by regulating the cell cycle, DNA transcription and repair, apoptosis, senescence and genome stability. In addition to somatic P53 mutations in cancer development, germline polymorphisms are also involved in different malignancies. The polymorphism of P53 at codon 72 (Arg72Pro) is established as a common variant that increases susceptibility to various cancers. The present case-control study was conducted to evaluate the possible association between this P53 polymorphism and gastric cancer in the Iranian population. A total of 59 patients with gastric cancer and 59 healthy controls were enrolled in the present study. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and genotype analysis was performed using a polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Genotype frequencies did not differ significantly between the patients and controls (P=0.4); the frequencies of the three genotypes Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro and Pro/Pro in gastric cancer patients were 28.8, 49.2 and 22.0%, and in controls were 37.3, 49.2 and 13.6%. Additionally, there were no differences in genotype frequencies based on tumor location, histological differentiation or tumor stage. Based on these findings, it may be concluded that the P53 codon 72 polymorphism does not contribute to gastric cancer susceptibility in Northern Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Hedayatizadeh-Omran
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran 48166-33131, Iran
| | - Reza Alizadeh-Navaei
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran 48166-33131, Iran
- Correspondence to: Dr Reza Alizadeh-Navaei, Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran 48166-33131, Iran, E-mail:
| | - Ghasem Janbabaei
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran 48166-33131, Iran
| | - Versa Omrani-Nava
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran 48166-33131, Iran
| | - Yahya Hasheminasab
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran 48166-33131, Iran
| | - Omolbanin Amjadi
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran 48166-33131, Iran
| | - Mohsen Tehrani
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran 48166-33131, Iran
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Joatar FE, Al Qarni AA, Ali ME, Al Masaud A, Shire AM, Das N, Gumaa K, Giha HA. Leu72Met and Other Intronic Polymorphisms in the GHRL and GHSR Genes Are Not Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Resistance, or Serum Ghrelin Levels in a Saudi Population. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2017; 32:360-369. [PMID: 28956366 PMCID: PMC5620033 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2017.32.3.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ghrelin (GHRL), a gastric peptide encoded by the GHRL gene, is known to be involved in energy homeostasis via its G protein receptor, encoded by the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) gene. Some studies have shown associations between plasma GHRL levels and GHRL single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely the Leu72Met polymorphism (rs696217 TG), with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance (IR), while others have not. The controversies in these associations raise the issue of 'which SNPs in which populations.' The aim of this study was to investigate whether SNPs in GHRL and/or GHSR genes were associated with T2DM, IR, or plasma GHRL levels among Arab Saudis. METHODS Blood was collected from 208 Saudi subjects with (n=107) and without (n=101) T2DM. DNA samples from these subjects were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction to genotype five intronic SNPs in the GHRL (rs696217 TG, rs27647 CT, rs2075356 CT, and rs4684677 AT) and GHSR (rs509030 GC) genes. In addition, plasma GHRL levels were measured by a radioimmunoassay. RESULTS None of the SNPs were associated with T2DM, IR, or plasma GHRL levels. The frequencies of the alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes of the five SNPs were comparable between the T2DM patients and the non-diabetic subjects. A large number of the GHRL haplotypes indicates the molecular heterogeneity of the preproghrelin gene in this region. CONCLUSION Neither the Leu72Met polymorphism nor the other intronic GHRL and GHSR SNPs were associated with T2DM, IR, or GHRL levels. Further investigations should be carried out to explain the molecular basis of the association of the GHRL peptide with T2DM and IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris Elbahi Joatar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, King Abdulaziz Hospital, National Guard Health Affairs, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Ahmed Al Qarni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, King Abdulaziz Hospital, National Guard Health Affairs, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhalab E Ali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Arabian Gulf University College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Abdulaziz Al Masaud
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, King Abdulaziz Hospital, National Guard Health Affairs, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdirashid M Shire
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, King Abdulaziz Hospital, National Guard Health Affairs, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagalla Das
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Khalid Gumaa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Arabian Gulf University College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Manama, Bahrain
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hayder A Giha
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Arabian Gulf University College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Manama, Bahrain.
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Longitudinal changes of associations between the preproghrelin Leu72Met polymorphism with depression in Chinese Han adolescents after the Wenchuan earthquake. Psychiatr Genet 2017; 27:161-168. [PMID: 28570394 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to investigate longitudinal associations of preproghrelin Leu72Met with depression in Chinese Han adolescents after the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 709 volunteers were enrolled from a high school near the epicenter of the earthquake and 662, 643, and 510 students were finally included at 6, 12, and 18 months, respectively, after the earthquake. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The genotypes were identified by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses and verified by DNA sequencing. RESULTS Females had a higher prevalence of depression than males at 6 months after the earthquake in 72Leu/Leu homozygotes (χ-test, P=0.007), but not in 72Met allele carriers. 72Met allele carriers had lower prevalence (χ-test, P=0.025) and BDI scores (Kruskal-Wallis test, P=0.034) than 72Leu/Leu homozygotes only among males at 18 months, but not at 6 or 12 months. The prevalence was consecutively decreased in male 72Met allele carriers (χ-test, P=0.010), but not in male 72Leu/Leu homozygotes, female 72Met allele carriers, or female 72Leu/Leu homozygotes during follow-up. Potential factors of depression prevalence and predictors of BDI scores were different between 72Leu/Leu homozygotes and 72Met allele carriers at different time points during follow-up. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the 72Met allele of the preproghrelin Leu72Met polymorphism may be associated with rehabilitation of depression in male Chinese Han adolescents after the natural disaster.
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Abstract
Ghrelin is a small peptide released primarily from the stomach. It is a potent stimulator of growth hormone secretion from the pituitary gland and is well known for its regulation of metabolism and appetite. There is also a strong relationship between ghrelin and the cardiovascular system. Ghrelin receptors are present throughout the heart and vasculature and have been linked with molecular pathways, including, but not limited to, the regulation of intracellular calcium concentration, inhibition of proapoptotic cascades, and protection against oxidative damage. Ghrelin shows robust cardioprotective effects including enhancing endothelial and vascular function, preventing atherosclerosis, inhibiting sympathetic drive, and decreasing blood pressure. After myocardial infarction, exogenous administration of ghrelin preserves cardiac function, reduces the incidence of fatal arrhythmias, and attenuates apoptosis and ventricular remodeling, leading to improvements in heart failure. It ameliorates cachexia in end-stage congestive heart failure patients and has shown clinical benefit in pulmonary hypertension. Nonetheless, since ghrelin's discovery is relatively recent, there remains a substantial amount of research needed to fully understand its clinical significance in cardiovascular disease.
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