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Arnab MKH, Islam MR, Rahman MS. A comprehensive review on phytochemicals in the treatment and prevention of pancreatic cancer: Focusing on their mechanism of action. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2085. [PMID: 38690008 PMCID: PMC11056788 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Pancreatic cancer develops in the normal tissues of the pancreas from malignant cells. The chance of recovery is not good, and the chance of survival 5 years following diagnosis is quite low. Pancreatic cancer treatment strategies such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy had relatively low success rates. Therefore, the present study aims to explore new therapies for treating pancreatic cancer. Methods The present study searched for information about pancreatic cancer pathophysiology, available treatment options; and their comparative benefits and challenges. Aiming to identify potential alternative therapeutics, this comprehensive review analyzed information from renowned databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Results In recent years, there has been a rise in interest in the possibility that natural compounds could be used as treatments for cancer. Cannabinoids, curcumin, quercetin, resveratrol, and triptolide are some of the anticancer phytochemicals now used to manage pancreatic cancer. The above compounds are utilized by inhibiting or stimulating biological pathways such as apoptosis, autophagy, cell growth inhibition or reduction, oxidative stress, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, and increased resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs in the management of pancreatic cancer. Conclusion Right now, surgery is the only therapeutic option for patients with pancreatic cancer. However, most people who get sick have been diagnosed too late to benefit from potentially effective surgery. Alternative medications, like natural compounds and herbal medicines, are promising complementary therapies for pancreatic cancer. Therefore, we recommend large-scale standardized clinical research for the investigation of natural compounds to ensure their consistency and comparability in pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Song L, Wang J, Nie J, Zhang Y, Han R, Liu H, Ma N, Yang Z, Li Y. Study on toxicity/efficacy related substances and metabolic mechanism of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f based on O2LPS correlation analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116949. [PMID: 37506782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f (TwHF) has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and nephritis for hundreds of years. AIM OF THE STUDY Although the efficacy of TwHF in the treatment of RA is definite, its serious side effects and toxicity have also received close attention from domestic and international researchers, so the clinical application of TwHF has been controversial. Most of the current TwHF toxicity studies have been conducted with animals in normal body states, but ignore the effects in pathological states. In this study, we aimed to find out the material basis and metabolic mechanism of the "toxicity/effectiveness" of TwHF on rat kidneys in different body states by using two-way orthogonal partial least squares (O2PLS) method. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, TwHF was extracted by reflux extraction method using ethanol as the extraction solvent. Firstly, the effects of TwHF on rat kidneys in different body states were first evaluated by detecting creatinine and urea nitrogen levels and morphological changes in kidney pathology identified the components of TwHF in rats in different body states using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technique. Serum and urine metabolomics were used to search for biomarkers and metabolic pathways by which TwHF exerts renal injury and protection, and finally, O2PLS correlation analysis was used to correlate the components with renal protective and injury biomarkers. RESULTS TwHF was found to have a protective effect on the kidney of RA rats and an injurious effect on the kidney of normal rats at a dose of 11.25 g/kg/d. The UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technique was used to identify 34 components in TwHF extracts; 23 components and 57 metabolites were identified in the administered rats. O2PLS screened three substances as both toxic and pharmacodynamic components of TwHF, namely 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl-2-propenl-ol, kaurane-16,19,20-triol, and demethylzeylasteral + O, and found that these three components may exert nephrotoxic effects via the nicotinic acid and nicotinamide metabolic pathways and nephroprotective effects via the tryptophan metabolic pathway. CONCLUSION In this study, O2PLS analysis was used for the first time to combine biomarkers and components in vivo and found the material basis and metabolic mechanism of nephrotoxicity and efficacy of TwHF, which provided key clues for further study on the biological mechanism of toxicity and efficacy of TwHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Song
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10, Poyang Lake Road, West zone, Tuanbo New-City, Jinghai-District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10, Poyang Lake Road, West zone, Tuanbo New-City, Jinghai-District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Jiaxuan Nie
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10, Poyang Lake Road, West zone, Tuanbo New-City, Jinghai-District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10, Poyang Lake Road, West zone, Tuanbo New-City, Jinghai-District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Rui Han
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10, Poyang Lake Road, West zone, Tuanbo New-City, Jinghai-District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Huimin Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10, Poyang Lake Road, West zone, Tuanbo New-City, Jinghai-District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Ningning Ma
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10, Poyang Lake Road, West zone, Tuanbo New-City, Jinghai-District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Zhen Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10, Poyang Lake Road, West zone, Tuanbo New-City, Jinghai-District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Yubo Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10, Poyang Lake Road, West zone, Tuanbo New-City, Jinghai-District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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3
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Guo M, He M, Zhang Y, Liu W, Qi M, Liu Z, Yi G, Deng S, Li Y, Sun X, Zhao L, Chen T, Liu Y. Nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of 14-3-3 epsilon carrying hnRNP C promotes autophagy. Cancer Biol Ther 2023; 24:2246203. [PMID: 37599448 PMCID: PMC10443976 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2023.2246203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Translocation of 14-3-3 protein epsilon (14-3-3ε) was found to be involved in Triptolide (Tp)-induced inhibition of colorectal cancer (CRC) cell proliferation. However, the form of cell death induced by 14-3-3ε translocation and mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. This study employed label-free LC-MS/MS to identify 14-3-3ε-associated proteins in CRC cells treated with or without Tp. Our results confirmed that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins C1/C2 (hnRNP C) were exported out of the nucleus by 14-3-3ε and degraded by ubiquitination. The nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of 14-3-3ε carrying hnRNP C mediated Tp-induced proliferation inhibition, cell cycle arrest and autophagic processes. These findings have broad implications for our understanding of 14-3-3ε function, provide an explanation for the mechanism of nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of hnRNP C and provide new insights into the complex regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlan Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery & Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Minyi He
- Center for Clinical Medical Education, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Cancer Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Weiwen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Min Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery & Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guozhong Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery & Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Shengze Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery & Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Yaomin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Xuegang Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tengxiang Chen
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yawei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
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Bernitsa S, Dayan R, Stephanou A, Tzvetanova ID, Patrikios IS. Natural biomolecules and derivatives as anticancer immunomodulatory agents. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1070367. [PMID: 36700235 PMCID: PMC9868674 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1070367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements in chemotherapy, the issue of resistance and non-responsiveness to many chemotherapeutic drugs that are currently in clinical use still remains. Recently, cancer immunotherapy has gathered attention as a novel treatment against select cancers. Immunomodulation is also emerging as an effective strategy to improve efficacy. Natural phytochemicals, with known anticancer properties, been reported to mediate their effects by modulating both traditional cancer pathways and immunity. The mechanism of phytochemical mediated-immunomodulatory activity may be attributed to the remodeling of the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment and the sensitization of the immune system. This allows for improved recognition and targeting of cancer cells by the immune system and synergy with chemotherapeutics. In this review, we will discuss several well-known plant-derived biomolecules and examine their potential as immunomodulators, and therefore, as novel immunotherapies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rotem Dayan
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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5
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Modi S, Giri B, Gupta VK, Lavania S, Sethi V, Sharma NS, Pandey S, Vickers S, Dudeja V, Saluja AK. Minnelide synergizes with conventional chemotherapy by targeting both cancer and associated stroma components in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 537:215591. [PMID: 35398530 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Addition of nab-paclitaxel to gemcitabine offers a survival benefit of only 6 weeks over gemcitabine alone at a cost of increased toxicity in PDAC. The goal of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of Minnelide, a water-soluble prodrug of triptolide, in combination with the standard of care regimen for chemotherapy with the added advantage of reducing the doses of these drugs to minimize toxicity. Pancreatic cancer cell lines were implanted subcutaneously or orthotopically in athymic nude or C57BL/6J mice. Subsequently, animals were randomized and received saline or minnelide or full dose chemotherapy or low dose chemotherapy or minnelide in combination with low dose chemotherapy. Our results show that a combination of low doses of Minnelide with Gemcitabine + nab-paclitaxel significantly inhibited tumor progression and increased the survival of tumor-bearing mice in comparison with conventional chemotherapy alone. Moreover, combination therapy significantly reduced cancer-related morbidity by decreasing ascites and metastasis and effectively targeted both cancer and the associated stroma. In vitro studies with a combination of low doses of triptolide and paclitaxel significantly decreased the cell viability, increased apoptosis and led to significantly increased M-phase cell cycle arrest in various pancreatic cancer cell lines as compared to either drug alone. Our results show that Minnelide synergizes with conventional chemotherapy leading to a significant reduction in the doses of these toxic drugs, all the while achieving better efficacy in the treatment of PDAC. This combination effectively targeted both the cancer and the associated stromal components of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrey Modi
- Department of Surgery and, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Bhuwan Giri
- Department of Surgery and, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vineet K Gupta
- Department of Surgery and, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shweta Lavania
- Department of Surgery and, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vrishketan Sethi
- Department of Surgery and, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nikita S Sharma
- Department of Surgery and, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Somnath Pandey
- Department of Surgery and, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Selwyn Vickers
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vikas Dudeja
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ashok K Saluja
- Department of Surgery and, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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Li G, Li H, Lyu Y, Zeng W, Zhou J. Enhanced Biosynthesis of Dihydromyricetin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Coexpression of Multiple Hydroxylases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14221-14229. [PMID: 33205970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is a traditional plant-extracted flavonoid with some health benefits. This study aimed to metabolically engineer the strains for DHM bioproduction. Two strains of BK-11 and BQ-21 were integrated with flavonoid 3-hydroxylase (F3H) or both F3H and flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H). The resulting strains have expressed the enzymes of GmCPR and SlF3'5'H, and then, the promoters of INO1p and TDH1p were used to enhance further the DHM production from naringenin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Through multiple-copy integration, 709.6 mg/L DHM was obtained by adding 2.5 g/L naringenin in a 5 L bioreactor, implying that the synergistic effect between F3'H and flavonoid 3'5'-hydroxylase is likely to promote the DHM production. An yield of 246.4 mg/L DHM was obtained from glucose by deleting genes for branch pathways and integrating PhCHS, MsCHI, Pc4CL, and FjTAL. To our knowledge, this is the highest production reported for the de novo biosynthesis of DHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjian Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hongbiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yunbin Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Weizhu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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8
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Luo H, Vong CT, Chen H, Gao Y, Lyu P, Qiu L, Zhao M, Liu Q, Cheng Z, Zou J, Yao P, Gao C, Wei J, Ung COL, Wang S, Zhong Z, Wang Y. Naturally occurring anti-cancer compounds: shining from Chinese herbal medicine. Chin Med 2019; 14:48. [PMID: 31719837 PMCID: PMC6836491 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous natural products originated from Chinese herbal medicine exhibit anti-cancer activities, including anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic, anti-angiogenic effects, as well as regulate autophagy, reverse multidrug resistance, balance immunity, and enhance chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. To provide new insights into the critical path ahead, we systemically reviewed the most recent advances (reported since 2011) on the key compounds with anti-cancer effects derived from Chinese herbal medicine (curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, berberine, artemisinin, ginsenoside Rg3, ursolic acid, silibinin, emodin, triptolide, cucurbitacin B, tanshinone I, oridonin, shikonin, gambogic acid, artesunate, wogonin, β-elemene, and cepharanthine) in scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and Clinical Trials). With a broader perspective, we focused on their recently discovered and/or investigated pharmacological effects, novel mechanism of action, relevant clinical studies, and their innovative applications in combined therapy and immunomodulation. In addition, the present review has extended to describe other promising compounds including dihydroartemisinin, ginsenoside Rh2, compound K, cucurbitacins D, E, I, tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone in view of their potentials in cancer therapy. Up to now, the evidence about the immunomodulatory effects and clinical trials of natural anti-cancer compounds from Chinese herbal medicine is very limited, and further research is needed to monitor their immunoregulatory effects and explore their mechanisms of action as modulators of immune checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Luo
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Hanbin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Peng Lyu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zehua Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Peifen Yao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Caifang Gao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jinchao Wei
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Carolina Oi Lam Ung
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
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9
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Li C, Li Z, Zhang T, Wei P, Li N, Zhang W, Ding X, Li J. 1H NMR-Based Metabolomics Reveals the Antitumor Mechanisms of Triptolide in BALB/c Mice Bearing CT26 Tumors. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1175. [PMID: 31680959 PMCID: PMC6798008 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide, the main active ingredient in Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (Celastraceae), has shown promising effects against a variety of tumors. However, the molecular pharmacological mechanisms explaining the action of triptolide remain unknown. In this study, the CT26 colon tumor cell line was inoculated subcutaneously into BALB/c mice, and plasma samples were subjected to 1H NMR metabolomics analysis. The metabolic signature identified five metabolites whose levels were lower and 15 whose levels were higher in CT26 tumor-bearing mice than in normal control mice. Triptolide treatment significantly reversed the levels of nine of these metabolites, including isoleucine, glutamine, methionine, proline, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, 2-hydroxyisovalerate, 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, and low-density lipoprotein/very low-density lipoprotein. Based on the identities of these potential biomarkers, we conclude that the antitumor mechanism of triptolide might rely on correcting perturbations in branched-chain amino acid metabolism, serine/glycine/methionine biosynthesis, and ketone bodies metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongfeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Peihuang Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Nuo Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Ding
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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10
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Wang X, Zheng M, Fei F, Li C, Du J, Liu K, Li Y, Zhang S. EMT-related protein expression in polyploid giant cancer cells and their daughter cells with different passages after triptolide treatment. Med Oncol 2019; 36:82. [PMID: 31407170 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-019-1303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Our previous work has demonstrated that paclitaxel can induce the formation of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) and inhibit tumor growth by reprogramming ovarian cancer epithelial cells to a benign fibroblastic state via epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Here, triptolide (TPL) was used to treat the breast and ovarian cancer lines. The morphologic characteristics and EMT-related protein expression were studied in different generation of cancer cells after TPL treatment. When BT-549 and HEY cells reached 80-90% confluence, TPL was added to BT-549 for 48 h and HEY for 9 h at a concentration of 40 ng/ml. Scattered PGCCs survived from TPL treatment and generated daughter cells, and then were cultured in medium without TPL for at least ten generation. Western blot analysis and immunocytochemical staining were performed to detect the expression levels and subcellular location of EMT-related proteins in control cells and different generation of TPL-induced PGCCs with daughter cells. Furthermore, wound-healing, transwell, cell counting kit-8, and MTT assay were used to compare the alternation of migration, invasion, and proliferation among control cells and different generation of TPL-induced PGCCs with daughter cells. Scattered PGCCs survived from the treatment of TPL and produced small-sized daughter cells 20-30 days after treatment. Compared to the control cells, the first generation of TPL-induced PGCCs with their daughter cells differentially expressed EMT-related proteins including fibronectin, E-cadherin, vimentin, and Twist, and had lower migration, invasion, and proliferation abilities. The abilities of migration, invasion, and proliferation of TPL-induced PGCCs with their daughter cells gradually enhanced as the passages increasing, and markedly exceeded the control cells in the tenth generation. TPL-induced PGCCs with their daughter cells gradually obtain the abilities of invasion and metastasis in vitro as the number of passage increasing, which can be used to mimick the cancer cells subjected to anti-cancer drugs in vivo and may provide some new insights to explore the mechanism of cancer invasion, metastasis and relapse after chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, People's Republic of China
| | - Minying Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Fei
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyuan Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxing Du
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, People's Republic of China.,Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Li
- Departments of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Deng Y, Guo L, Cai H, Chen L, Tan S, Zhang B, Fang P, Xiang D, Li H, He G, Yan M. Dihydromyricetin affect the pharmacokinetics of triptolide in rats. Xenobiotica 2019; 50:332-338. [PMID: 31092113 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2019.1616851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
1. Dihydromyricetin (DMY) has anti-tumor and hepatoprotective activities and inhibits the activity of CYP enzymes and P-gp. In this research, we explored the effect of DMY on the pharmacokinetics of triptolide (TP), an anti-tumor Chinese medicine that is mainly metabolized by CYP enzymes and is the substrate of P-gp.2. Rats were administrated TP (1.2 mg/kg) with and without DMY in different dosage regimens, then a sensitive and reliable LC-MS/MS method was developed and applied to assess the pharmacokinetics of TP. The blood samples for TP were collected from each rat up to 120 min after administration of TP.3. When co-administrated with single dose of DMY (100 mg/kg), the AUC, Cmax and T1/2 of TP were significantly enhanced by 98, 83 and 66%, respectively. The T1/2 of TP was significantly prolonged from 23.6 ± 6.4 to 70.5 ± 12.5 min with 14-doses pretreatment of DMY (500 mg/kg), conversely, the Cmax was decreased by 30% and the AUC was enhanced by 24%.4. These results hinted that administration of DMY with TP did alter the pharmacokinetics of TP, and provided the theoretical pharmacokinetic basis to study on the protective effects of DMY against acute liver injury caused by TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.,School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, PR China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, PR China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Hualin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Shenglan Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Bikui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Pingfei Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Daxiong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Huande Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Guixia He
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, PR China
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
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12
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Ma Z, Fan Y, Wu Y, Kebebe D, Zhang B, Lu P, Pi J, Liu Z. Traditional Chinese medicine-combination therapies utilizing nanotechnology-based targeted delivery systems: a new strategy for antitumor treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:2029-2053. [PMID: 30962686 PMCID: PMC6435121 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s197889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health problem, and is now the world’s leading cause of death. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-combination therapy is a new treatment approach and a vital therapeutic strategy for cancer, as it exhibits promising antitumor potential. Nano-targeted drug-delivery systems have remarkable advantages and allow the development of TCM-combination therapies by systematically controlling drug release and delivering drugs to solid tumors. In this review, the anticancer activity of TCM compounds is introduced. The combined use of TCM for antitumor treatment is analyzed and summarized. These combination therapies, using a single nanocarrier system, namely codelivery, are analyzed, issues that require attention are determined, and future perspectives are identified. We carried out a systematic review of >280 studies published in PubMed since 1985 (no patents involved), in order to provide a few basic considerations in terms of the design principles and management of targeted nanotechnology-based TCM-combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China, ; .,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China, ;
| | - Yuqi Fan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China, ; .,School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yumei Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China, ; .,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China, ;
| | - Dereje Kebebe
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China, ; .,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China, ; .,School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Bing Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China, ; .,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China, ;
| | - Peng Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China, ; .,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China, ;
| | - Jiaxin Pi
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China, ; .,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China, ;
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China, ; .,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China, ;
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13
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Yao C, Li H, Zhang W. Triptolide inhibits benign prostatic epithelium viability and migration and induces apoptosis via upregulation of microRNA-218. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2019; 32:2058738418812349. [PMID: 30453799 PMCID: PMC6247479 DOI: 10.1177/2058738418812349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) has become a troublesome disease for elder
men. Triptolide (TPL) has been reported to be a potential anticancer agent.
However, the potential effects of TPL on BPH have not been shown out. BPH-1
cells were treated with different concentrations of TPL and/or transfected with
microRNA-218 (miR-218) inhibitor, pc-survivin, sh-survivin, or their
corresponding controls (NC). Thereafter, cell viability was determined by CCK-8
assay. Cell migration was accessed by modified two-chamber migration assay. Cell
apoptosis was checked by propidium iodide (PI) and fluorescein isothiocyanate
(FITC)-conjugated Annexin V staining. In addition, messenger RNA (mRNA) and
protein levels were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain
reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis, respectively. BPH-1 cell viability
and migration were significantly decreased, while cell apoptosis and expression
of miR-218 were statistically enhanced by TPL (P < 0.05 or
P < 0.01). However, downregulation of miR-218 increased
cell viability and migration, while decreased cell apoptosis compared with the
negative control group (P < 0.05 or
P < 0.01). Furthermore, the expression of cell cycle–related
proteins and cell apoptosis–related proteins were also led to the opposite
results with NC. In addition, we found that miR-218 negatively regulated the
expression of survivin (P < 0.01) and suppression of
survivin significantly enhanced cell apoptosis (P < 0.01).
Moreover, the results demonstrated that TPL could inactivate mammalian target of
rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, while inhibition of miR-218 alleviated the effects.
TPL inhibits viability and migration of BPH-1 cells and induces cell apoptosis
and also inactivates mTOR signal pathway via upregulation of miR-218. This study
provides evidence for the further studies representing triptolide as a potential
agent in the treatment of human BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlei Yao
- 1 Department of Urinary Surgery, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, China
| | - Hongfa Li
- 1 Department of Urinary Surgery, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, China
| | - Weitao Zhang
- 2 Department of Urinary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
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14
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Broad targeting of triptolide to resistance and sensitization for cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:771-780. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Chen SR, Dai Y, Zhao J, Lin L, Wang Y, Wang Y. A Mechanistic Overview of Triptolide and Celastrol, Natural Products from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:104. [PMID: 29491837 PMCID: PMC5817256 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide and celastrol are predominantly active natural products isolated from the medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. These compounds exhibit similar pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic activities. Triptolide and celastrol also provide neuroprotection and prevent cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, toxicity restricts the further development of triptolide and celastrol. In this review, we comprehensively review therapeutic targets and mechanisms of action, and translational study of triptolide and celastrol. We systemically discuss the structure-activity-relationship of triptolide, celastrol, and their derivatives. Furthermore, we propose the use of structural derivatives, targeted therapy, and combination treatment as possible solutions to reduce toxicity and increase therapeutic window of these potent natural products from T. wilfordii Hook F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ru Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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16
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Gao H, Zhang Y, Dong L, Qu XY, Tao LN, Zhang YM, Zhai JH, Song YQ. Triptolide induces autophagy and apoptosis through ERK activation in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3413-3419. [PMID: 29545863 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of triptolide (TPI) on proliferation, autophagy and death in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, and to elucidate the associated molecular mechanisms, intracellular alterations were analyzed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry assays. The results of the MTT assay revealed that TPI significantly reduced the MCF-7 cell survival rate when the concentration was >10 nmol/l. TPI activated a caspase cascade reaction by regulating Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma 2 expression, and promoted programmed cell death via the mitochondrial pathway. The results demonstrated that TPI significantly reduced the cell proliferation rate and viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner, which was confirmed by western blotting and immunofluorescent staining. TPI induced autophagy and influenced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)1/2, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation, which resulted in apoptosis. When cells were treated with a combination of TPI and the Erk1/2 inhibitor U0126, the downregulation of P62 and upregulation of Bax were inhibited, which demonstrated that the inhibition of Erk1/2 reversed the autophagy changes induced by TPI. The results indicated that Erk1/2 activation may be a novel mechanism by which TPI induces autophagy and apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. In conclusion, TPI affects the proliferation and apoptosis of MCF-7 cells, potentially via autophagy and p38/Erk/mTOR phosphorylation. The present study offers a novel view of the mechanisms by which TPI regulates cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Li-Na Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Hui Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Qing Song
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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17
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Oxymatrine synergistically enhances antitumor activity of oxaliplatin in colon carcinoma through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Apoptosis 2018; 21:1398-1407. [PMID: 27671687 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Oxymatrine (OMT), one of the main active components of extracts from the dry roots of Sophora flavescens, has been reported to possess many pharmacological properties including cancer-preventive and anti-cancer effects. The aim of the present study is to explore the efficiency of combination therapy with OMT and oxaliplatin (OXA) and identify the in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity on colon cancer lines (HT29 and SW480) and mice model. Cells were treated with OMT and/or OXA and subjected to cell viability, colony formation, apoptosis, cell cycle, western blotting, xenograft tumorigenicity assay and immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that OMT and OXA inhibited the proliferation of colon cancer cells, and combination therapy of OMT and OXA resulted in a combination index < 1, indicating a synergistic effect. Co-treatment with OMT and OXA caused G0/G1 phase arrest by upregulating P21, P27 and downregulating cyclin D, and induced apoptosis through decreasing the expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-p70S6K. In addition, pretreatment with a specific PI3K/AKT activator (IGF-1) significantly neutralized the pro-apoptotic activity of OXA + OMT, demonstrating the important role of PI3K/AKT in this process. Moreover, in nude mice model, co-treatment displayed more efficient inhibition of tumor weight and volume on SW480 xenograft mouse model than single-agent treatment with OXA or OMT. Immunohistochemistry analysis suggests the combinations greatly suppressed tumor proliferation, which consistent with our in vitro results. In conclusion, our findings highlight that the combination therapy with OMT and OXA exerted synergistic antitumor effects in colon cancer cells through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and combination treatment with OMT and OXA would be a promising therapeutic strategy for colon carcinoma treatment.
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Bahrami A, Khazaei M, Hasanzadeh M, ShahidSales S, Joudi Mashhad M, Farazestanian M, Sadeghnia HR, Rezayi M, Maftouh M, Hassanian SM, Avan A. Therapeutic Potential of Targeting PI3K/AKT Pathway in Treatment of Colorectal Cancer: Rational and Progress. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2460-2469. [PMID: 28230287 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is one of the key dysregulated pathways in different tumor types, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Activation of this pathway is shown to be related with cellular transformation, tumor progression, cell survival, and drug resistance. There is growing body of data evaluating the value of PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors in CRC (e.g., BEZ235, NVP-BEZ235, OSI-027, everolimus, MK-2206, KRX-0401, BYL719, and BKM120). This report summarizes the current knowledge about PI3K/AKT pathway and its cross talk with ERK/MAPK and mTOR pathways with particular emphasis on the value of targeting this pathway as a potential therapeutic target in treatment of colorectal cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 2460-2469, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Bahrami
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Neurogenic Inflammatory Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Malihe Hasanzadeh
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Woman Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soodabeh ShahidSales
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Joudi Mashhad
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marjaneh Farazestanian
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Woman Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Sadeghnia
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Rezayi
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mina Maftouh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Redondo-Blanco S, Fernández J, Gutiérrez-Del-Río I, Villar CJ, Lombó F. New Insights toward Colorectal Cancer Chemotherapy Using Natural Bioactive Compounds. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:109. [PMID: 28352231 PMCID: PMC5348533 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy consists in the simultaneous administration of a conventional chemotherapy drug (or sometimes, a radiotherapy protocol) together with one or more natural bioactives (usually from plant or fungal origin) of small molecular weight. This combination of anticancer drugs may be applied to cell cultures of tumor cells, or to an animal model for a cancer type (or its xenograft), or to a clinical trial in patients. In this review, we summarize current knowledge describing diverse synergistic effects on colorectal cancer cell cultures, animal models, and clinical trials of various natural bioactives (stilbenes, flavonoids, terpenes, curcumin, and other structural families), which may be important with respect to diminish final doses of the chemotherapy drug, although maintaining its biological effect. This is important as these approaches may help reduce side effects in patients under conventional chemotherapy. Also, these molecules may exerts their synergistic effects via different cell cycle pathways, including different ones to those responsible of resistance phenotypes: transcription factors, membrane receptors, adhesion and structural molecules, cell cycle regulatory components, and apoptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Redondo-Blanco
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Gutiérrez-Del-Río
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | - Claudio J Villar
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | - Felipe Lombó
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
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Zhang H, Gong C, Qu L, Ding X, Cao W, Chen H, Zhang B, Zhou G. Therapeutic effects of triptolide via the inhibition of IL-1β expression in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:1279-1286. [PMID: 27588050 PMCID: PMC4997980 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of triptolide (TL) on ulcerative colitis (UC) and explore the potential association between the therapeutic effects of TL and IL-1β expression using a 4,4-dimethyl-4-silapentane-1-sulfonic acid (DSS)-induced mouse model to simulate human UC. A total of 70 BALB/c female mice were randomly allocated into seven equal groups: Group A, blank control; group B, normal saline injection; group C, propylene glycol injection; group D (TL1), 0.2 mg/kg TL; group E (TL2), 0.4 mg/kg TL; group F (TL3), 0.6 mg/kg TL; and group G, dexamethasone injection. Mice activity, diet and stool characteristics were recorded daily. Mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation on day 8, and disease activity indices, colon tissue histological scores and colonic histopathological scores were subsequently calculated. Serum levels of IL-1β were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and IL-1β expression levels were examined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction with colonic mucosa specimen at the gene level and western blot analysis at the protein level. The IL-1β mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly elevated in the normal saline injection and propylene glycol injection groups compared with the blank control group and (P<0.01). In TL (TL2 and TL3)- and dexamethasone-treated mice, IL-1β expression levels were significantly decreased, as compared with the normal saline and propylene glycol injection groups (P<0.05). No significant difference was detected between TL (TL2 and TL3) and dexamethasone treatments. The results of the present study indicated that IL-1β expression was upregulated in the UC mouse model, which may be associated with the development and progression of UC. Furthermore, TL inhibited IL-1β expression, suggesting that TL may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Chen Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang, Jiangsu 215401, P.R. China
| | - Lishuai Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Guoxiong Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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Minnelide Overcomes Oxaliplatin Resistance by Downregulating the DNA Repair Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 2016; 20:13-23; discussion 23-4. [PMID: 26503259 PMCID: PMC4698020 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-015-3000-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxaliplatin is part of pancreatic cancer therapy in the FOLFIRINOX or GEMOX/XELOX regimen. DNA damage repair is one of the factors responsible for oxaliplatin resistance that eventually develops in this cancer. Triptolide/Minnelide has been shown to be effective against pancreatic cancer in preclinical trials. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of combination of triptolide and oxaliplatin against pancreatic cancer. METHODS Highly aggressive pancreatic cancer cells (MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1) were treated with oxaliplatin (0-10 μM), low-dose triptolide (50 nM), or a combination of both for 24-48 h. Cell viability, apoptosis, and DNA damage were evaluated by appropriate methods. Nucleotide excision repair pathway components were quantitated using qPCR and Western blot. Combination of low doses of Minnelide and oxaliplatin was tested in an orthotopic murine model of pancreatic cancer. RESULTS Proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells was markedly inhibited by combination treatment. Triptolide potentiated apoptotic cell death induced by oxaliplatin and sensitized cancer cells towards oxaliplatin-induced DNA damage by suppressing the oxaliplatin-induced DNA damage repair pathway. Combination of low doses of Minnelide and oxaliplatin inhibited tumor progression by inducing significant apoptotic cell death in these tumors. CONCLUSIONS Combination of low doses of Minnelide and oxaliplatin has immense potential to emerge as a novel therapeutic strategy against pancreatic cancer.
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Ni J, Wu Q, Sun ZH, Zhong J, Cai Y, Huang XE. The Inhibition Effect of Triptolide on Human Endometrial Carcinoma Cell Line HEC-1B: a in vitro and in vivo Studies. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:4571-6. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.11.4571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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23
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Ho JN, Byun SS, Lee S, Oh JJ, Hong SK, Lee SE, Yeon JS. Synergistic Antitumor Effect of Triptolide and Cisplatin in Cisplatin Resistant Human Bladder Cancer Cells. J Urol 2015; 193:1016-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Nyoung Ho
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Soo Byun
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangchul Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Jin Oh
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Hong
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seung Yeon
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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24
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Meng G, Wang W, Chai K, Yang S, Li F, Jiang K. Combination treatment with triptolide and hydroxycamptothecin synergistically enhances apoptosis in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells through PP2A-regulated ERK, p38 MAPKs and Akt signaling pathways. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:1007-17. [PMID: 25573072 PMCID: PMC4324588 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Recently, two plant-derived drugs triptolide (TP) and hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) both have shown broad-spectrum anticancer activities. Our previous study documented that combination treatment with these two drugs acted more effectively than mono-therapy, however, the molecular basis underlying the synergistic cytotoxicity remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to clarify the molecular mechanism of TP/HCPT anticancer effect in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells, by investigating the involvement of phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and PP2A-regulated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Akt signaling pathways. The results showed that TP and HCPT synergistically exerted cytotoxicity in the growth of A549 cells. Combinatorial TP/HCPT treatment significantly enhanced the activation of caspase-3 and -9, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, release of cytochrome c from mitochondrial and subsequent apoptosis. While the Akt survival pathway was inhibited, ERK and p38 MAPKs were dramatically activated. Furthermore, the activity of PP2A was significantly augmented. Regulation of p38, ERK and Akt by PP2A was demonstrated, by using a specific PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid (OA). Finally, pharmacological inhibitors OA, SB203580, SP600125 and PD98059 confirm the role of PP2A and its substrates ERK, p38 MAPK and Akt in mediating TP/HCPT-induced apoptosis. Taken together, this study provides the first evidence for a synergistic TP/HCPT anti-cancer activity in A549 cells and also supports a critical role of PP2A and PP2A-regulated signaling pathways, providing new insight into the mode of action of TP/HCPT in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanmin Meng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, P.R. China
| | - Kequn Chai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, P.R. China
| | - Suwen Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, P.R. China
| | - Fangqiong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, P.R. China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, P.R. China
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25
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Meng C, Zhu H, Song H, Wang Z, Huang G, Li D, Ma Z, Ma J, Qin Q, Sun X, Ma J. Targets and molecular mechanisms of triptolide in cancer therapy. Chin J Cancer Res 2014; 26:622-6. [PMID: 25400429 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2014.09.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide (TPL/TL) is a natural drug with novel anticancer effects. Preclinical studies indicated that TPL inhibits cell proliferation, induces cell apoptosis, inhibits tumor metastasis and enhances the effect of other therapeutic methods in various cancer cell lines. Multiple molecules and signaling pathways, such as caspases, heat-shock proteins, NF-κB, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair-associated factors, are associated with the anti-cancer effect. TPL also improves chemoradiosensitivity in cancer therapy. Phase I trials indicate the potential clinical value of TPL use. However, further trials with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Meng
- 1 Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China ; 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang No. 2 People's Hospital, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Hongcheng Zhu
- 1 Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China ; 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang No. 2 People's Hospital, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Hongmei Song
- 1 Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China ; 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang No. 2 People's Hospital, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Zhongming Wang
- 1 Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China ; 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang No. 2 People's Hospital, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Guanhong Huang
- 1 Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China ; 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang No. 2 People's Hospital, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Defan Li
- 1 Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China ; 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang No. 2 People's Hospital, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Zhaoming Ma
- 1 Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China ; 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang No. 2 People's Hospital, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Jianhua Ma
- 1 Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China ; 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang No. 2 People's Hospital, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Qin Qin
- 1 Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China ; 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang No. 2 People's Hospital, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Xinchen Sun
- 1 Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China ; 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang No. 2 People's Hospital, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Jianxin Ma
- 1 Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China ; 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang No. 2 People's Hospital, Lianyungang 222000, China
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