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Marinaro C, Marino A, Bianchi AR, Berman B, Trifuoggi M, Marano A, Palumbo G, Chianese T, Scudiero R, Rosati L, De Maio A, Lettieri G, Piscopo M. Molecular and toxicological mechanisms behind the effects of chromium (VI) on the male reproductive system of Mytilus galloprovincialis: First evidence for poly-ADP-ribosylation of protamine-like II. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 401:111186. [PMID: 39116916 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Studies on the molecular mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity in invertebrate reproduction are limited. Given that PARP-catalysed ADP-ribosylation is also involved in counteracting heavy metal toxicity and maintaining genomic integrity, and that PARylation is implicated in chromatin remodelling but its role in sperm chromatin remains to be elucidated, we investigated the effects of chromium(VI) at 1, 10 and 100 nM on the reproductive health of Mytilus galloprovincialis. The damage to the gonads was assessed by morphological analyses and the damage indices PARP and ɣH2A.X were measured. Changes in the binding of protamine-like (PL) to DNA and the possibility of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of PL proteins were also investigated. Gonadal chromium accumulation and morphological damage were found, especially when the mussels were exposed to the highest dose of chromium(VI). In addition, the maximum expression of gonadal ɣH2A.X and PARP were obtained at 100 and 10 nM Cr(VI), respectively. Interestingly, for the first time in all exposed conditions, poly(ADP)-ribosylation was detected on PL-II, which, together with PL-III and PL-IV, are the major nuclear basic proteins of Mytilus galloprovincialis sperm chromatin. Since PL-II is involved in the final high level of sperm chromatin compaction, this post-translational modification altered the binding of the PL protein to DNA, favouring the action of micrococcal nuclease on sperm chromatin. This study provides new insights into the effects of chromium(VI) on Mytilus galloprovincialis reproductive system and proposes a molecular mechanism hypothesis describing the toxic effects of this metal on PL-DNA binding, sperm chromatin and gonads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Marinaro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Marino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Bianchi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Berman
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 21,80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Marano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 21,80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Palumbo
- Commodity Science Laboratory, Department of Economics, Management and Institutions, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Chianese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Scudiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Rosati
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126, Naples, Italy; CIRAM, Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Ambiente", University Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna De Maio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Gennaro Lettieri
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Marina Piscopo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126, Naples, Italy.
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2
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Ferrero G, Festa R, Follia L, Lettieri G, Tarallo S, Notari T, Giarra A, Marinaro C, Pardini B, Marano A, Piaggeschi G, Di Battista C, Trifuoggi M, Piscopo M, Montano L, Naccarati A. Small noncoding RNAs and sperm nuclear basic proteins reflect the environmental impact on germ cells. Mol Med 2024; 30:12. [PMID: 38243211 PMCID: PMC10799426 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00776-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular techniques can complement conventional spermiogram analyses to provide new information on the fertilizing potential of spermatozoa and to identify early alterations due to environmental pollution. METHODS Here, we present a multilevel molecular profiling by small RNA sequencing and sperm nuclear basic protein analysis of male germ cells from 33 healthy young subjects residing in low and high-polluted areas. RESULTS Although sperm motility and sperm concentration were comparable between samples from the two sites, those from the high-pollution area had a higher concentration of immature/immune cells, a lower protamine/histone ratio, a reduced ability of sperm nuclear basic proteins to protect DNA from oxidative damage, and an altered copper/zinc ratio in sperm. Sperm levels of 32 microRNAs involved in intraflagellar transport, oxidative stress response, and spermatogenesis were different between the two areas. In parallel, a decrease of Piwi-interacting RNA levels was observed in samples from the high-polluted area. CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive analysis provides new insights into pollution-driven epigenetic alterations in sperm not detectable by spermiogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Ferrero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
- Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, Corso Svizzera, 185, 10149, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosaria Festa
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Follia
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Gennaro Lettieri
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Sonia Tarallo
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), c/o IRCCS Candiolo, SP 142 Km. 3,95, 10060, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Notari
- Check-Up PolyDiagnostic and Research Laboratory, Andrology Unit, Viale Andrea De Luca 5, 84131, Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonella Giarra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Marinaro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Pardini
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), c/o IRCCS Candiolo, SP 142 Km. 3,95, 10060, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Marano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Piaggeschi
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), c/o IRCCS Candiolo, SP 142 Km. 3,95, 10060, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Carla Di Battista
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), c/o IRCCS Candiolo, SP 142 Km. 3,95, 10060, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Piscopo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Montano
- Andrology Unit and Service of Lifestyle Medicine in UroAndrology, Local Health Authority (ASL) Salerno, Coordination Unit of the Network for Environmental and Reproductive Health (Eco-FoodFertility Project), S. Francesco di Assisi Hospital, 84020, Oliveto Citra, Salerno, Italy.
- PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), c/o IRCCS Candiolo, SP 142 Km. 3,95, 10060, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
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3
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Marinaro C, Lettieri G, Chianese T, Bianchi AR, Zarrelli A, Palatucci D, Scudiero R, Rosati L, De Maio A, Piscopo M. Exploring the molecular and toxicological mechanism associated with interactions between heavy metals and the reproductive system of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 275:109778. [PMID: 37866452 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
A large number of heavy metals resulted toxic to the reproductive system, but invertebrate infertility has been poorly explored, and above all, there are limited molecular, cellular and toxicological studies. In the present work, we exposed Mytilus galloprovincialis to three individual metal chlorides (CuCl2 15 μM, CdCl2 1.5 μM, NiCl2 15 μM) and their mixture for 24 h, to evaluate the effects on the protamine-like proteins (PLs), sperm DNA and on their interaction in the formation of sperm chromatin. Under all exposure conditions, but particularly after exposure to the metals mix, relevant changes in the electrophoretic pattern, by AU-PAGE and SDS-PAGE, and in fluorescence spectroscopy measurements of PLs were shown. In addition, alterations in DNA binding of these proteins were observed by Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) and through their release from sperm nuclei. Moreover, there was evidence of increased accessibility of micrococcal nuclease to sperm chromatin, which was also confirmed by toluidine blue staining. Furthermore, morphological analyses indicated severe gonadal impairments which was also corroborated by increased PARP expression, by Western blotting, and sperm DNA fragmentation, by comet assay. Finally, we investigated the expression of stress genes, gst, hsp70 and mt10, in gonadal tissue. The latter investigations also showed that exposure to this metals mix was more harmful than exposure to the individual metals tested. The present results suggest that these metals and in particular their mixture could have a negative impact on the reproductive fitness of M. galloprovincialis. Based on these evidences, we propose a molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Marinaro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Lettieri
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Chianese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Bianchi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Armando Zarrelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Palatucci
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Scudiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Rosati
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna De Maio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Piscopo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy.
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A Molecular Mechanism to Explain the Nickel-Induced Changes in Protamine-like Proteins and Their DNA Binding Affecting Sperm Chromatin in Mytilus galloprovincialis: An In Vitro Study. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030520. [PMID: 36979455 PMCID: PMC10046793 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nickel is associated with reproductive toxicity, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms of nickel-induced effects on sperm chromatin and protamine-like proteins (PLs). In the present work, we analyzed PLs from Mytilus galloprovincialis by urea-acetic acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (AU-PAGE) and SDS-PAGE and assessed their binding to DNA by Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) after exposing mussels to 5, 15, and 35 µM NiCl2 for 24 h. In addition, a time course of digestion with MNase and release of PLs from sperm nuclei by the NaCl gradient was performed. For all exposure doses, in AU-PAGE, there was an additional migrating band between PL-III and PL-IV, corresponding to a fraction of PLs in the form of peptides detected by SDS-PAGE. Alterations in DNA binding of PLs were observed by EMSA after exposure to 5 and 15 µM NiCl2, while, at all NiCl2 doses, increased accessibility of MNase to sperm chromatin was found. The latter was particularly relevant at 15 µM NiCl2, a dose at which increased release of PLII and PLIII from sperm nuclei and the highest value of nickel accumulated in the gonads were also found. Finally, at all exposure doses, there was also an increase in PARP expression, but especially at 5 µM NiCl2. A possible molecular mechanism for the toxic reproductive effects of nickel in Mytilus galloprovincialis is discussed.
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De Marco G, Afsa S, Galati M, Guerriero G, Mauceri A, Ben Mansour H, Cappello T. Time- and dose-dependent biological effects of a sub-chronic exposure to realistic doses of salicylic acid in the gills of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:88161-88171. [PMID: 35829880 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Among nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) commonly found in seawater and wastewater, salicylic acid (SA) represents one of the most persistent and hazardous compounds for aquatic organisms. This study was therefore designed to elucidate the biological effects of SA in mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. During a sub-chronic exposure (12 days), mussels were exposed to five realistic concentrations of SA (C1: 0.05 μg/L; C2: 0.5 μg/L; C3: 5 μg/L; C4: 50 μg/L; C5: 100 μg/L) and gills, selected as the target organ, were collected at different time points (T3: 3 days; T5: 5 days; T12: 12 days). Exposure to SA induced no histological alterations in mussel gills, despite a relevant hemocyte infiltration was observed throughout the exposure as a defensive response to SA. Temporal modulation of glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities suggested the occurrence of antioxidant and detoxifying responses against SA exposure, while lipid peroxidation (LPO), except for a partial increase at T3, was prevented. Inhibition of the cholinergic system was also reported by reduced acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, mainly at T12. Overall, findings from this study contribute to enlarge the current knowledge on the cytotoxicity of SA, on non-target aquatic organisms, and might for the enhancement of new ecopharmacovigilance programs and optimization of the efficacy of wastewater treatment plants for mitigation of pharmaceutical pollution in coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe De Marco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Sabrine Afsa
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to The Environment - APAE (UR17ES32) Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Mahdia, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mariachiara Galati
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Guerriero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Mauceri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to The Environment - APAE (UR17ES32) Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Mahdia, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166, Messina, Italy.
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6
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Perrone P, Lettieri G, Marinaro C, Longo V, Capone S, Forleo A, Pappalardo S, Montano L, Piscopo M. Molecular Alterations and Severe Abnormalities in Spermatozoa of Young Men Living in the "Valley of Sacco River" (Latium, Italy): A Preliminary Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191711023. [PMID: 36078739 PMCID: PMC9518305 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191711023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The Valley of Sacco River (VSR) (Latium, Italy) is an area with large-scale industrial chemical production that has led over time to significant contamination of soil and groundwater with various industrial pollutants, such as organic pesticides, dioxins, organic solvents, heavy metals, and particularly, volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In the present study, we investigated the potential impact of VOCs on the spermatozoa of healthy young males living in the VSR, given the prevalent presence of several VOCs in the semen of these individuals. To accomplish this, spermiograms were conducted followed by molecular analyses to assess the content of sperm nuclear basic proteins (SNBPs) in addition to the protamine-histone ratio and DNA binding of these proteins. We found drastic alterations in the spermatozoa of these young males living in the VSR. Alterations were seen in sperm morphology, sperm motility, sperm count, and protamine/histone ratios, and included significant reductions in SNBP-DNA binding capacity. Our results provide preliminary indications of a possible correlation between the observed alterations and the presence of specific VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Perrone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Lettieri
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Marinaro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Longo
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (IMM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Simonetta Capone
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (IMM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Angiola Forleo
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (IMM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Montano
- Andrology Unit and Service of Lifestyle Medicine in UroAndrology, Local Health Authority (ASL) Salerno, Coordination Unit of the Network for Environmental and Reproductive Health (EcoFoodFertility Project),
Oliveto Citra Hospital, 84020 Oliveto Citra, Italy
- PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Piscopo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
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7
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Biocide vs. Eco-Friendly Antifoulants: Role of the Antioxidative Defence and Settlement in Mytilus galloprovincialis. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10060792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antifoulant paints were developed to prevent and reduce biofouling on surfaces immersed in seawater. The widespread use of these substances over the years has led to a significant increase of their presence in the marine environment. These compounds were identified as environmental and human threats. As a result of an international ban, research in the last decade has focused on developing a new generation of benign antifoulant paints. This review outlines the detrimental effects associated with biocide versus eco-friendly antifoulants, highlighting what are effective antifoulants and why there is a need to monitor them. We examine the effects of biocide and eco-friendly antifoulants on the antioxidative defence mechanism and settlement in a higher sessile organism, specifically the Mediterranean mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis. These antifoulants can indirectly assess the potential of these two parameters in order to outline implementation of sustainable antifoulants.
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8
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Moriello C, Costabile M, Spinelli M, Amoresano A, Palumbo G, Febbraio F, Piscopo M. Altered Expression of Protamine-like and Their DNA Binding Induced by Cr(VI): A Possible Risk to Spermatogenesis? Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050700. [PMID: 35625627 PMCID: PMC9138527 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromium (VI) is the most dangerous oxidation state among the stable forms of chromium. In this work, we evaluated the effect of exposing Mytilus galloprovincialis for 24 h to 1, 10, and 100 nM chromium (VI) on the properties of Protamine-like (PLs) and their gene levels in the gonads. Specifically, we analyzed, by AU-PAGE and SDS-PAGE, PLs extracted from unexposed and exposed mussels. In addition, via EMSA, we evaluated the ability of PLs to bind DNA and also verified their potential to protect DNA from oxidative damage. Finally, we assessed possible alterations in gonadal expression of mt10, hsp70, and genes encoding for PLs-II/PL-IV and PL-III. We found that for all experimental approaches the most relevant alterations occurred after exposure to 1 nM Cr(VI). In particular, a comigration of PL-II with PL-III was observed by SDS-PAGE; and a reduced ability of PLs to bind and protect DNA from oxidative damage was recorded. This dose of chromium (VI) exposure was also the one that produced the greatest alterations in the expression of both mt10 and PL-II/PL-IV encoding genes. All of these changes suggest that this dose of chromium (VI) exposure could affect the reproductive health of Mytilus galloprovincialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Moriello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Martina Costabile
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Michele Spinelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Giancarlo Palumbo
- Commodity Science Laboratory, Department of Economics, Management and Institutions, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Ferdinando Febbraio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Marina Piscopo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Biological Effects of Non-Ionizing Electromagnetic Fields at 27 GHz on Sperm Quality of Mytilus galloprovincialis. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10040521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, an increasing use of wireless internet technologies has been demonstrated. The devices which use these technologies emit in new spectral regions an electromagnetic radiation (EMF) which could interact with the male reproductive system. The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the effect of electromagnetic fields at 27 GHz on sperm quality in Mytilus galloprovincialis. Sperm samples were collected from sexually mature males of M. galloprovincialis and placed in seawater. Once we evaluated the number and quality of spermatozoa, sperm cells were exposed to electromagnetic fields radiated by a pyramidal horn antenna. The effect of exposure was evaluated after 10, 20, 30, 40 and 60 min by a light microscope and using an Eosin test. Ten replications were performed for each time series, and statistical analysis was carried out by t-test. Sperm motility decreased after 10 min of exposure, and after 30 min most of the spermatozoa were immobile and not vital. This study provides useful data on the potential ecological impact of the high-band 5G on animal fertility, the effect of which is currently under investigation.
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10
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Biodiversity Studies for Sustainable Lagoon: Thermophilic and Tropical Fish Species vs. Endemic Commercial Species at Mellah Lagoon (Mediterranean, Algeria). WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14040635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lagoons play an important socio-economic role and represent a precious natural heritage at risk from fishing pressure and chemical and biological pollution. Our research focused on better understanding the discrimination of fish biodiversity, the detection of non-indigenous species, and the valorization of commercial indigenous species at Mellah lagoon (Algeria). Taxonomic characterization and barcoding for all fish species and Inkscape schematic drawings for the most common species are provided. A total of 20 families and 37 species were recorded. The thermophilic species Coris julis, Thalassoma pavo, and Aphanius fasciatus and tropical species such as Gambusia holbrooki and Parablennius pilicornis were identified. Numerous Mediterranean species of socio-economic importance are highlighted, and detailed information is summarized for the lagoon’s sustainability. This short-term evaluation goes hand in hand with long-term programs documenting the interaction between indigenous and non-indigenous species in the lagoon and will allow the development of a provisional relationship model for future studies. Thermophilic and tropical species patterns in the Mellah lagoon are presented. Taken together, we provide useful data that can guide future investigations and may become a potential management tool for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and protecting species with large socio-economic roles from potential thermal stress impact.
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11
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Guerriero G, D’Errico G. Effect of Oxidative Stress on Reproduction and Development. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020312. [PMID: 35204195 PMCID: PMC8868121 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Guerriero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, via Cinthia 6, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (G.D.)
| | - Gerardino D’Errico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (G.D.)
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12
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Lettieri G, Carusone N, Notariale R, Prisco M, Ambrosino A, Perrella S, Manna C, Piscopo M. Morphological, Gene, and Hormonal Changes in Gonads and In-Creased Micrococcal Nuclease Accessibility of Sperm Chromatin Induced by Mercury. Biomolecules 2022; 12:87. [PMID: 35053235 PMCID: PMC8773939 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mercury is one of the most dangerous environmental pollutants. In this work, we analysed the effects of exposure of Mytilus galloprovincialis to 1, 10 and 100 pM HgCl2 for 24 h on the gonadal morphology and on the expression level of three stress genes: mt10, hsp70 and πgst. In this tissue we also evaluated the level of steroidogenic enzymes 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD and the expression of PL protein genes. Finally, we determined difference in sperm chromatin accessibility to micrococcal nuclease. We found alterations in gonadal morphology especially after exposure to 10 and 100 pM HgCl2 and hypo-expression of the three stress genes, particularly for hsp70. Furthermore, decreased labelling with both 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD antibodies was observed following exposure to 1 and 10 pM HgCl2 and complete absence at 100 pM HgCl2 exposure. Gonads of mussels exposed to all HgCl2 doses showed decreased expression of PL protein genes especially for PLIII. Finally, micrococcal nuclease digestions showed that all doses of HgCl2 exposure resulted in increased sperm chromatin accessibility to this enzyme, indicative of improper sperm chromatin structure. All of these changes provide preliminary data of the potential toxicity of mercury on the reproductive health of this mussel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Lettieri
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.L.); (N.C.); (M.P.); (A.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Nadia Carusone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.L.); (N.C.); (M.P.); (A.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Rosaria Notariale
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luigi de Crecchio, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.N.); (C.M.)
| | - Marina Prisco
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.L.); (N.C.); (M.P.); (A.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Alessia Ambrosino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.L.); (N.C.); (M.P.); (A.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Shana Perrella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.L.); (N.C.); (M.P.); (A.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Caterina Manna
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luigi de Crecchio, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.N.); (C.M.)
| | - Marina Piscopo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.L.); (N.C.); (M.P.); (A.A.); (S.P.)
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Lettieri G, Notariale R, Carusone N, Giarra A, Trifuoggi M, Manna C, Piscopo M. New Insights into Alterations in PL Proteins Affecting Their Binding to DNA after Exposure of Mytilus galloprovincialis to Mercury-A Possible Risk to Sperm Chromatin Structure? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5893. [PMID: 34072703 PMCID: PMC8198333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a highly toxic and widespread pollutant. We previously reported that the exposure of Mytilus galloprovincialis for 24 h to doses of HgCl2 similar to those found in seawater (range 1-100 pM) produced alterations in the properties of protamine-like (PL) proteins that rendered them unable to bind and protect DNA from oxidative damage. In the present work, to deepen our studies, we analyzed PL proteins by turbidimetry and fluorescence spectroscopy and performed salt-induced release analyses of these proteins from sperm nuclei after the exposure of mussels to HgCl2 at the same doses. Turbidity assays indicated that mercury, at these doses, induced PL protein aggregates, whereas fluorescence spectroscopy measurements showed mercury-induced conformational changes. Indeed, the mobility of the PLII band changed in sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, particularly after exposure to 10-pM HgCl2, confirming the mercury-induced structural rearrangement. Finally, exposure to HgCl2 at all doses produced alterations in PL-DNA binding, detectable by DNA absorption spectra after the PL protein addition and by a decreased release of PLII and PLIII from the sperm nuclei. In conclusion, in this paper, we reported Hg-induced PL protein alterations that could adversely affect mussel reproductive activity, providing an insight into the molecular mechanism of Hg-related infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Lettieri
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.L.); (N.C.)
| | - Rosaria Notariale
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via Luigi de Crecchio, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.N.); (C.M.)
| | - Nadia Carusone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.L.); (N.C.)
| | - Antonella Giarra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Caterina Manna
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via Luigi de Crecchio, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.N.); (C.M.)
| | - Marina Piscopo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.L.); (N.C.)
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Suárez-Usbeck A, Mitjana O, Tejedor MT, Bonastre C, Sistac J, Ubiergo A, Falceto MV. Single Fixed-Time Post-Cervical Insemination in Gilts with Buserelin. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1567. [PMID: 34072000 PMCID: PMC8226837 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Current protocols for gilts recommend the deposit of multiple semen doses in the cervix each 12-24 h after estrus detection. Our objectives were: (1) to determine the effect of buserelin and a single fixed-time artificial insemination using the new post-cervical artificial insemination technique (FTAI-PCAI) on reproductive and productive performance in gilts, and (2) to compare this protocol with conventional estrus detection and double PCAI without hormonal induction. In the control group (C; n = 240), gilts were inseminated twice (8 and 12 h from estrus onset). Gilts in the treatment group (T; n = 226) received buserelin (10 μg, intramuscular) 120 h after altrenogest treatment (18 d) and one single PCAI 30-33 h after buserelin administration. The groups did not differ in reproductive and production performance (p > 0.05). The T group showed greater piglet birth weight and shorter estrus duration (p < 0.001). Delivery batch length differed significantly depending on the season (p < 0.05); the shortest length corresponded to autumn. Both groups only differed significantly in spring (p = 0.018), with a shorter length in the T group. This new FTAI-PCAI protocol with buserelin is recommended in gilts, helping with optimization of genetic diffusion, boars, and semen doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Suárez-Usbeck
- Department of Animal Pathology, Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon-IA2, University of Zaragoza-CITA, C/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.S.-U.); (O.M.); (C.B.); (M.V.F.)
| | - Olga Mitjana
- Department of Animal Pathology, Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon-IA2, University of Zaragoza-CITA, C/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.S.-U.); (O.M.); (C.B.); (M.V.F.)
| | - María Teresa Tejedor
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics, Genetic s Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER CV (University of Zaragoza—IIS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Bonastre
- Department of Animal Pathology, Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon-IA2, University of Zaragoza-CITA, C/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.S.-U.); (O.M.); (C.B.); (M.V.F.)
| | - Jorge Sistac
- Granja Fabardo (Mazana Grupo Empresarial), 22480 Capella, Huesca, Spain;
| | | | - María Victoria Falceto
- Department of Animal Pathology, Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon-IA2, University of Zaragoza-CITA, C/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.S.-U.); (O.M.); (C.B.); (M.V.F.)
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Lettieri G, Notariale R, Ambrosino A, Di Bonito A, Giarra A, Trifuoggi M, Manna C, Piscopo M. Spermatozoa Transcriptional Response and Alterations in PL Proteins Properties after Exposure of Mytilus galloprovincialis to Mercury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041618. [PMID: 33562685 PMCID: PMC7915165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is an environmental pollutant that impacts human and ecosystem health. In our previous works, we reported alterations in the properties of Mytilus galloprovincialis protamine-like (PL) proteins after 24 h of exposure to subtoxic doses of toxic metals such as copper and cadmium. The present work aims to assess the effects of 24 h of exposure to 1, 10, and 100 pM HgCl2 on spermatozoa and PL proteins of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry indicated accumulation of this metal in the gonads of exposed mussels. Further, RT-qPCR analyses showed altered expression levels of spermatozoa mt10 and hsp70 genes. In Mytilus galloprovincialis, PL proteins represent the major basic component of sperm chromatin. These proteins, following exposure of mussels to HgCl2, appeared, by SDS-PAGE, partly as aggregates and showed a decreased DNA-binding capacity that rendered them unable to prevent DNA damage, in the presence of CuCl2 and H2O2. These results demonstrate that even these doses of HgCl2 exposure could affect the properties of PL proteins and result in adverse effects on the reproductive system of this organism. These analyses could be useful in developing rapid and efficient chromatin-based genotoxicity assays for pollution biomonitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Lettieri
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.L.); (A.A.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Rosaria Notariale
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luigi de Crecchio, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.N.); (C.M.)
| | - Alessia Ambrosino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.L.); (A.A.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Alfredo Di Bonito
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.L.); (A.A.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Antonella Giarra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Caterina Manna
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luigi de Crecchio, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.N.); (C.M.)
| | - Marina Piscopo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.L.); (A.A.); (A.D.B.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Lettieri G, Marra F, Moriello C, Prisco M, Notari T, Trifuoggi M, Giarra A, Bosco L, Montano L, Piscopo M. Molecular Alterations in Spermatozoa of a Family Case Living in the Land of Fires. A First Look at Possible Transgenerational Effects of Pollutants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186710. [PMID: 32933216 PMCID: PMC7555199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In our previous work, we reported alterations in protamines/histones ratio, in DNA binding of these proteins and their involvement in DNA oxidative damage in 84% of the young men living in the Land of Fires. In the present work, we extended our findings, evaluating any alterations in spermatozoa of a family case, a father and son, living in this area, to also give a first look at the possibility of transgenerational inherited effects of environmental contaminants on the molecular alterations of sperm nuclear basic proteins (SNBP), DNA and semen parameters. In the father and son, we found a diverse excess of copper and chromium in the semen, different alterations in SNBP content and low DNA binding affinity of these proteins. In addition, DNA damage, in the presence of CuCl2 and H2O2, increased by adding both the father and son SNBP. Interestingly, son SNBP, unlike his father, showed an unstable DNA binding and were able to produce DNA damage even without external addition of CuCl2, in line with a lower seminal antioxidant activity than the father. The peculiarity of some characteristics of son semen could be a basis for possible future studies on transgenerational effects of pollutants on fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Lettieri
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.L.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Federica Marra
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.L.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Claudia Moriello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.L.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Marina Prisco
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.L.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Tiziana Notari
- Check Up—Day Surgery, Polydiagnostic and Research Centre, Reproductive Medicine Unit, 84131 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Antonella Giarra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Liana Bosco
- Department of Biological, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed.16, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Luigi Montano
- Andrology Unit of the “S. Francesco d’Assisi” Hospital, Local Health Authority (ASL) Salerno, EcoFoodFertility Project Coordination Unit, 84020 Oliveto Citra, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (M.P.); Tel.: +39-082-879-7111 (ext. 271) (L.M.); +39-081-679-081 (M.P.)
| | - Marina Piscopo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.L.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (M.P.); Tel.: +39-082-879-7111 (ext. 271) (L.M.); +39-081-679-081 (M.P.)
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Piscopo M, Notariale R, Tortora F, Lettieri G, Palumbo G, Manna C. Novel Insights into Mercury Effects on Hemoglobin and Membrane Proteins in Human Erythrocytes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143278. [PMID: 32707650 PMCID: PMC7397049 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a global environmental pollutant that affects human and ecosystem health. With the aim of exploring the Hg-induced protein modifications, intact human erythrocytes were exposed to HgCl2 (1-60 µM) and cytosolic and membrane proteins were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and AU-PAGE. A spectrofluorimetric assay for quantification of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation was also performed. Hg2+ exposure induces alterations in the electrophoretic profile of cytosolic proteins with a significant decrease in the intensity of the hemoglobin monomer, associated with the appearance of a 64 kDa band, identified as a mercurized tetrameric form. This protein decreases with increasing HgCl2 concentrations and Hg-induced ROS formation. Moreover, it appears resistant to urea denaturation and it is only partially dissociated by exposure to dithiothreitol, likely due to additional protein-Hg interactions involved in aggregate formation. In addition, specific membrane proteins, including band 3 and cytoskeletal proteins 4.1 and 4.2, are affected by Hg2+-treatment. The findings reported provide new insights into the Hg-induced possible detrimental effects on erythrocyte physiology, mainly related to alterations in the oxygen binding capacity of hemoglobin as well as decreases in band 3-mediated anion exchange. Finally, modifications of cytoskeletal proteins 4.1 and 4.2 could contribute to the previously reported alteration in cell morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Piscopo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Rosaria Notariale
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via Luigi de Crecchio, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.N.); (F.T.)
| | - Fabiana Tortora
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via Luigi de Crecchio, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.N.); (F.T.)
| | - Gennaro Lettieri
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giancarlo Palumbo
- Department of Economics, Management, Institutions, University of Naples Federico II, via Cupa Nuova Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Caterina Manna
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via Luigi de Crecchio, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.N.); (F.T.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (C.M.)
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18
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Lettieri G, D’Agostino G, Mele E, Cardito C, Esposito R, Cimmino A, Giarra A, Trifuoggi M, Raimondo S, Notari T, Febbraio F, Montano L, Piscopo M. Discovery of the Involvement in DNA Oxidative Damage of Human Sperm Nuclear Basic Proteins of Healthy Young Men Living in Polluted Areas. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124198. [PMID: 32545547 PMCID: PMC7349829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA oxidative damage is one of the main concerns being implicated in severe cell alterations, promoting different types of human disorders and diseases. For their characteristics, male gametes are the most sensitive cells to the accumulation of damaged DNA. We have recently reported the relevance of arginine residues in the Cu(II)-induced DNA breakage of sperm H1 histones. In this work, we have extended our previous findings investigating the involvement of human sperm nuclear basic proteins on DNA oxidative damage in healthy males presenting copper and chromium excess in their semen. We found in 84% of those males an altered protamines/histones ratio and a different DNA binding mode even for those presenting a canonical protamines/histones ratio. Furthermore, all the sperm nuclear basic proteins from these samples that resulted were involved in DNA oxidative damage, supporting the idea that these proteins could promote the Fenton reaction in DNA proximity by increasing the availability of these metals near the binding surface of DNA. In conclusion, our study reveals a new and unexpected behavior of human sperm nuclear basic proteins in oxidative DNA damage, providing new insights for understanding the mechanisms related to processes in which oxidative DNA damage is implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Lettieri
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.L.); (G.D.); (E.M.); (C.C.); (R.E.)
| | - Giovanni D’Agostino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.L.); (G.D.); (E.M.); (C.C.); (R.E.)
| | - Elena Mele
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.L.); (G.D.); (E.M.); (C.C.); (R.E.)
| | - Carolina Cardito
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.L.); (G.D.); (E.M.); (C.C.); (R.E.)
| | - Rosa Esposito
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.L.); (G.D.); (E.M.); (C.C.); (R.E.)
| | - Annalinda Cimmino
- CNR, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, via Pietro Castellino, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Antonella Giarra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.G.); (M.T.)
| | | | - Tiziana Notari
- GEA—Gynecology Embryology Andrology—Reproductive Medicine Unit of Check Up Polydiagnostic Center, 84131 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Ferdinando Febbraio
- CNR, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, via Pietro Castellino, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (L.M.); (M.P.); Tel.: +39-081-613-2611 (F.F.); +39-082-879-7111 (ext. 271) (L.M.); +39-081-679-081 (M.P.)
| | - Luigi Montano
- Andrology Unit of the “S. Francesco d’Assisi” Hospital, Local Health Authority (ASL) Salerno, EcoFoodFertility Project Coordination Unit, 84020 Oliveto Citra, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (L.M.); (M.P.); Tel.: +39-081-613-2611 (F.F.); +39-082-879-7111 (ext. 271) (L.M.); +39-081-679-081 (M.P.)
| | - Marina Piscopo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.L.); (G.D.); (E.M.); (C.C.); (R.E.)
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (L.M.); (M.P.); Tel.: +39-081-613-2611 (F.F.); +39-082-879-7111 (ext. 271) (L.M.); +39-081-679-081 (M.P.)
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Cui Y, Thathsarani N, Peng L, Gao Y, Lei L, Zhou Z, Liang L, Shi X. Visible light-activated 1-D core-shell paramagnetic Fe-Ag@AgCl as an innovative method for photocatalytic inactivation of E. coli. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:11990-12000. [PMID: 31982998 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07754-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Innovative paramagnetic one-dimensional (1-D) core-shell Fe-Ag@AgCl visible light-driven photocatalysts are synthesized through a template-assisted electrodeposition method trailed by FeCl3 in-situ oxidation. The metallic nature of Fe-Ag@AgCl is confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and crystal nature through X-ray diffraction (XRD). The controllable diameter of Fe-Ag is obtained through the selection of hollow size of the polycarbonate (PC) template. Electron impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirms through the introduction of Fe to the Ag core that has prolonged the recombination of electron and hole. Escherichia coli (E. coli) are employed as the target bacteria to evaluate the photocatalytic disinfection performances. A total of 1.30 mg of Fe-Ag@AgCl is proved to be able to completely inactivate 107 CFU (colony forming units)/mL after 120 min of visible light irradiation. The transition electron microscopy (TEM) confirms the stability of the material after the photo reaction. As Fe-Ag@AgCl possesses magnetic properties, the material is recovered through the application of an external magnetic field. SEM images and results of 3D emission extraction matrix (EEM) depict that the bacteria cell death is caused by membrane permeability changes caused by the reduction of membrane associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Cui
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nimesha Thathsarani
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Peng
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Gao
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Lidan Lei
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengwei Zhou
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Liang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Shi
- Jiangxi Academy of Environmental Sciences, Nanchang, 330039, People's Republic of China
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Piscopo M. Seasonal dependence of cadmium molecular effects on Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819) protamine-like protein properties. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1418-1429. [PMID: 31317589 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mussels have a seasonal reproduction and cadmium is a common stressor in estuarine and coastal environments. In previous studies, we have shown that exposure to subtoxic doses of cadmium produced alterations in the properties of winter Mytilus galloprovincialis sperm protamine-like (PL) proteins. In this study, it was analyzed the possibility that these cadmium effects may be seasonal. Winter and summer mussels were exposed to CdCl2 , and it was tested the PL-proteins for cadmium bioaccumulation, electrophoretic pattern, DNA binding, and potentiality to induce DNA oxidative damage. It was found that cadmium exposure did not produce the same effects on PL-proteins of summer mussels that were produced on PL-proteins of winter mussels, that is: cadmium bioaccumulation, alterations in the acetic acid-urea polyacrylamide gels (AU-PAGE) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE pattern, a reduced DNA binding affinity and the ability to induce DNA oxidative damage. PL-proteins from summer mussels, apart from not being affected by all the abovementioned effects of cadmium, also showed a very low DNA binding affinity, independent of cadmium exposure. This study reveals clock-associated seasonal responses to cadmium in M. galloprovincialis. Understanding the mechanisms through which environmental signals guide biological rhythms is fundamental to understanding the seasonal sensitivity of this bioindicator, to use M. galloprovincialis in appropriate seasonal periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Piscopo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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21
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Tortora F, Notariale R, Maresca V, Good KV, Sorbo S, Basile A, Piscopo M, Manna C. Phenol-Rich Feijoa sellowiana (Pineapple Guava) Extracts Protect Human Red Blood Cells from Mercury-Induced Cellular Toxicity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E220. [PMID: 31336755 PMCID: PMC6680458 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8070220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant polyphenols, with broadly known antioxidant properties, represent very effective agents against environmental oxidative stressors, including mercury. This heavy metal irreversibly binds thiol groups, sequestering endogenous antioxidants, such as glutathione. Increased incidence of food-derived mercury is cause for concern, given the many severe downstream effects, ranging from kidney to cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the possible beneficial properties of Feijoa sellowiana against mercury toxicity were tested using intact human red blood cells (RBC) incubated in the presence of HgCl2. Here, we show that phenol-rich (10-200 µg/mL) extracts from the Feijoa sellowiana fruit potently protect against mercury-induced toxicity and oxidative stress. Peel and pulp extracts are both able to counteract the oxidative stress and thiol decrease induced in RBC by mercury treatment. Nonetheless, the peel extract had a greater protective effect compared to the pulp, although to a different extent for the different markers analyzed, which is at least partially due to the greater proportion and diversity of polyphenols in the peel. Furthermore, Fejioa sellowiana extracts also prevent mercury-induced morphological changes, which are known to enhance the pro-coagulant activity of these cells. These novel findings provide biochemical bases for the pharmacological use of Fejioa sellowiana-based functional foods in preventing and combating mercury-related illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Tortora
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luigi de Crecchio, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Notariale
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luigi de Crecchio, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Viviana Maresca
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cupa Nuova Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Katrina Vanessa Good
- Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3R4, Canada
| | - Sergio Sorbo
- Ce.S.M.A, Microscopy Section, University of Naples Federico II, via Cupa Nuova Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Adriana Basile
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cupa Nuova Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Piscopo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cupa Nuova Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Caterina Manna
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luigi de Crecchio, 80138 Naples, Italy.
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Lettieri G, Maione M, Ranauda MA, Mele E, Piscopo M. Molecular effects on spermatozoa of Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to hyposaline conditions. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:650-660. [PMID: 30938011 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Salinity represents a critical environmental and an ecological factor in the reproduction of marine species. As global climate changes and anthropogenic factors affect salinity, in this study, we have analyzed the responses of Mytilus galloprovincialis spermatozoa to hyposaline stress. We exposed mussels, in laboratory tanks, for 24 hr at 18°C to control (35.9 psu) and three hyposaline (17.1, 22.6, and 26.2 psu) conditions, and evaluated the expression of sperm hsp70 and protamine-like proteins genes. Further we analyzed the electrophoretic pattern, the DNA binding and the release from sperm nuclei of protamine-like proteins. For all experimental approaches used, the results obtained at 17.1 psu condition were very similar to those obtained in the control condition, while alterations were always recorded at 22.6 and 26.2 psu conditions. Particularly, at 22.6 and 26.2 psu, was observed: 42.5- and 17.1-fold increase in hsp70 expression, respectively, and hypoexpression of PL-II/PLIV protamine-like proteins genes. Further, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and salt-induced release of nuclear proteins from sperm nuclei, revealed alterations in the PL proteins/DNA binding, in these two hyposaline conditions. The similarity between the results obtained in control and in the more severe hyposaline condition (17.1 psu) could indicate a phenomenon of fertility preservation strategy due to gamete plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Lettieri
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studki di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Martina Maione
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studki di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Elena Mele
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studki di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marina Piscopo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studki di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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De Guglielmo V, Puoti R, Notariale R, Maresca V, Ausió J, Troisi J, Verrillo M, Basile A, Febbraio F, Piscopo M. Alterations in the properties of sperm protamine-like II protein after exposure of Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck 1819) to sub-toxic doses of cadmium. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 169:600-606. [PMID: 30496991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Protamine-like proteins (PL-II, PL-III and PL-IV) represent the major basic nuclear component of Mytilus galloprovincialis L sperm chromatin. The present study investigates the effects induced on the properties of PL-II protein after exposure of Mytilus galloprovincialis L for 24 h to 1.5 and 5 µM CdCl2. We found cadmium accumulation in protamine-like proteins with a linear grow up with the exposition dose. In particular, after 5 µM CdCl2 mussels exposure, the mobility of PL-II band changed in SDS-PAGE, suggesting structural rearrangement in presence of cadmium. Structural analysis using fluorescent probes, indicated that at 5 µM CdCl2 the complete conformational change of PL-II protein was reached. In the same condition of mussels exposure of 5 µM CdCl2, PL-II protein changed its DNA binding mode, which determined a closer DNA binding, because higher amount of NaCl were required for PL-II protein release by sperm nuclei. These results supported the hypothesis that mussel exposure to this CdCl2 dose, although lower to toxic ones, affects the properties of this protein and as a consequence chromatin organization of spermatozoa that is essential for the success of fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgilia De Guglielmo
- University of Naples Federico II, Dept. of Biology, via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaela Puoti
- University of Naples Federico II, Dept. of Biology, via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Notariale
- University of Naples Federico II, Dept. of Biology, via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Viviana Maresca
- University of Naples Federico II, Dept. of Biology, via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Juan Ausió
- University of Victoria, Dept. of Biochemistry & Microbiology, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jacopo Troisi
- Theoreo srl-spin-off dell'Universita` degli Studi di Salerno, 84090 Salerno, Italy
| | - Mariavittoria Verrillo
- University of Naples Federico II, Dept. of Agricultural Sciences, Via Università 100, 84055 Portici, Italy
| | - Adriana Basile
- University of Naples Federico II, Dept. of Biology, via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Febbraio
- CNR, Institute of Protein Biochemistry, via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Marina Piscopo
- University of Naples Federico II, Dept. of Biology, via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
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Lettieri G, Mollo V, Ambrosino A, Caccavale F, Troisi J, Febbraio F, Piscopo M. Molecular effects of copper on the reproductive system of mytilus galloprovincialis. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1357-1368. [PMID: 30648312 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to assess the effects induced by 24 hr exposure to a subtoxic copper concentration on the reproductive system (gonads, spermatozoa, and protamine-like [PL] proteins) of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry indicated accumulation of this metal in gonads, spermatozoa, and PL proteins of exposed mussels. Further, real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses showed altered expression levels of mt10 and PL proteins genes in spermatozoa and gonads, respectively, of exposed mussels. Protamine-like proteins, which represent the main basic component of sperm chromatin of this organism, showed a higher DNA binding affinity and a different DNA binding mode in exposed mussels. Moreover, an increased amount of NaCl was required for the release from sperm nuclei of PL-III, the main PL protein component. Finally, PL proteins extracted from exposed mussels promoted DNA oxidative damage in the presence of H 2 O 2. These results demonstrate that the tolerable copper amount could also affect the properties of PL proteins and determine the negative effects on the reproductive system of this organism. These analyses could be useful to develop quick and efficient chromatin-based genotoxicity tests for pollution biomonitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Lettieri
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Velia Mollo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Ambrosino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Caccavale
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
| | - Jacopo Troisi
- Theoreo srl-spin-off, Company of the University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Febbraio
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Piscopo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Piscopo M, Trifuoggi M, Scarano C, Gori C, Giarra A, Febbraio F. Relevance of arginine residues in Cu(II)-induced DNA breakage and Proteinase K resistance of H1 histones. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7414. [PMID: 29743544 PMCID: PMC5943286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This work analyzes the involvement of arginines in copper/H2O2-induced DNA breakage. Copper is a highly redox active metal which has been demonstrated to form compounds with arginines. For this aim we used mixtures of pGEM3 DNA plasmid and two types of H1 histones which differ only in their arginine content. The sperm H1 histone from the annelid worm Chaetopterus variopedatus (arginine content 12.6 mol% K/R ratio 2) and the somatic H1 histone from calf thymus (arginine content 1.8 mol% and K/R ratio 15). Copper/H2O2-induced DNA breakage was observed only in presence of sperm H1 histones, but it was more relevant for the native molecule than for the deguanidinated derivative (K/R ratio 14), in which 80% of arginine residues were converted to ornithine. Further, copper induced proteinase K resistance and increase of DNA binding affinity on native sperm H1 histones. These observations are consistent with a copper induced reorganization of the side-chains of arginine residues. Copper, instead, did not affect DNA binding affinity of somatic and deguanidinated H1 histones, which show similar K/R ratio and DNA binding mode. These results indicate that arginine residues could affect these H1 histones properties and provide new insights into copper toxicity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Piscopo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmela Scarano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carla Gori
- CNR, Institute of Protein Biochemistry, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonella Giarra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126, Napoli, Italy
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Piscopo M, Notariale R, Rabbito D, Ausió J, Olanrewaju OS, Guerriero G. Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819) spermatozoa: hsp70 expression and protamine-like protein property studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:12957-12966. [PMID: 29478169 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we describe results of the reproductive health monitoring studies in Mytilus galloprovincialis following spermatozoa hsp70 expression and protamine-like protein properties. Mussels control (ctr) were released within cages for 30 days in three different marine sites near Naples (Campania, Italy): Bagnoli south (BAs) and Bagnoli north (BAn), both close to a disposal metallurgical factory and in Capo Miseno (CM). Studies of hsp70 gene expression carried out, by RT-qPCR, in mussel spermatozoa have shown varied expression levels, particularly 5, 13, and 15-fold more than ctr in CM, BAs, and BAn, respectively, indicating highest involvement of stress proteins in spermatozoa of mussels in Bagnoli. In order to evaluate the possible risk on Mytilus galloprovincialis sustainability loss, electrophoretic analyses were performed on protamine-like proteins (PL) of collected spermatozoa. The results showed that CM PL were apparently unaltered with respect to ctr PL, while BAs and BAn PL appeared in part in the form of peptides and in part as bands with low mobility. Further, CM and BAs PL showed, by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, a decrease in DNA binding ability and a change in their DNA binding mode. The results of this investigation show the usefulness of the study of alterations of spermatozoa hsp70 expression and protamine-like protein properties for eco-toxicological evaluation using Mytilus galloprovincialis as a bioindicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Piscopo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Notariale
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Dea Rabbito
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Juan Ausió
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | - Giulia Guerriero
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center for Environment (I.R.C.Env.), Università degli Studi di Napoli, Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Abstract
In this chapter, a short evolutionary history and comparative analysis of sperm nuclear basic proteins (SNBPs) in marine invertebrates are presented based on some of the most recent publications in the field and building upon previously published reviews on the topic. Putative functions of SNBPs in sperm chromatin beyond DNA packaging will also be discussed with a primary focus on outstanding research questions.In somatic cells of all metazoans, DNA is packaged into tightly folded and dynamically accessible chromatin by canonical histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. Sperm chromatin of many animals, on the other hand, is organised by small yet structurally highly heterogeneous proteins called SNBPs, which can package sperm DNA on their own or in combination with each other. In extreme cases, sperm chromatin is condensed into a volume 6-10 times smaller than that of a somatic nucleus. SNBPs are classified into three major groups: H1 histone-type proteins (H-type SNBPs), protamines (P-type SNBPs) and protamine-like proteins (PL-type SNBPs). P-type SNBPs are mostly found in vertebrates, while PL-type SNBPs are ubiquitous in many invertebrate phyla. PL-type and P-type SNBPs evolved from histone H-type SNBP precursors through vertical evolution. Porifera, Ctenophora and Crustacea, Echinoidea (phylum Echinodermata) and Hydrozoa (phylum Hydrozoa) lack SNBPs. Echinoidea and Hydrozoa, however, evolved novel nucleosomal histone variants with specific roles during spermatogenesis. Seemingly, chromatin condensation plays a critical role in the silencing and tight packing of the genome within the sperm nucleus of most animals. However, the question of what necessitates the compaction of some sperm DNA beyond classical nucleosomal packaging while other sperm function using 'normal' histones remains unanswered to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Török
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Sebastian G Gornik
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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