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Wu L, Shi F, Zhang Y, Xu X, Xie Z, Hua S, Xia S, Jiang J. Maternal exposure to dibutyl phthalate (DBP) impairs angiogenesis and AR signalling pathway through suppression of TGFB1I1 in hypospadias offspring. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115941. [PMID: 38184977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.115941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Early exposure to dibutyl phthalate (DBP) can cause hypospadias in newborn foetuses. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not well defined. Aberrant angiogenesis is associated with various dysplasias including urogenital deficits. In vivo and in vitro angiogenesis assays showed reduced angiogenesis in the hypospadias group and DBP exposed group. RNA-sequencing analysis of DBP-treated HUVECs revealed decreased expression of transforming growth factor beta 1-induced transcript 1 (TGFB1I1) and a significantly enriched angiogenesis-associated pathway. Further experiments revealed that decreased TGFB1I1 expression was associated with disrupted tube formation and migration, which resulted in decreased angiogenesis. Functional assays revealed that the overexpression of TGFB1I1 promoted tube formation and migration of HUVECs in the DBP-treated group. Moreover, we showed that the transcription factor AR was regulated by TGFB1I1 through inhibiting its translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Together, our results identified TGFB1I1 as a component of aberrant angiogenesis in hypospadias rats and its interaction with AR might be a potential target for hypospadias development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 100 Hai Ning Road, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Shi
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, NO.100 Hai Ning Road, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China; Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, NO.100 Hai Ning Road, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China; Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, NO.100 Hai Ning Road, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China; Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Xie
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, NO.100 Hai Ning Road, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China; Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Hua
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, NO.100 Hai Ning Road, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China; Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujie Xia
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 100 Hai Ning Road, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China; Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, NO.100 Hai Ning Road, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China; Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China.
| | - Juntao Jiang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 100 Hai Ning Road, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China; Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, NO.100 Hai Ning Road, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China; Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China.
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Chen HH, Hao PH, Zhang FY, Zhang TN. Non-coding RNAs in metabolic reprogramming of bone and soft tissue sarcoma: Fundamental mechanism and clinical implication. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114346. [PMID: 36738505 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas, comprising approximately 1% of human malignancies, show a poor response to treatment and easy recurrence. Metabolic reprogramming play an important role in tumor development in sarcomas. Accumulating evidence shows that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) participate in regulating the cellular metabolism of sarcomas, which improves the understanding of the development of therapy-resistant tumors. This review addresses the regulatory roles of metabolism-related ncRNAs and their implications for sarcoma initiation and progression. Dysregulation of metabolism-related ncRNAs is common in sarcomas and is associated with poor survival. Emerging studies show that abnormal expression of metabolism-related ncRNAs affects cellular metabolism, including glucose, lipid, and mitochondrial metabolism, and leads to the development of aggressive sarcomas. This review summarizes recent advances in the roles of dysregulated metabolism-related ncRNAs in sarcoma development and stemness and describes their potential to serve as biological biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis prediction, as well as therapeutic targets for treating refractory sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Huan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Peng-Hui Hao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Fang-Yuan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Tie-Ning Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
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Molecular Features of the Mesenchymal and Osteoblastic Cells in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415448. [PMID: 36555090 PMCID: PMC9779562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a monoclonal gammopathy characterized by biological heterogeneity and unregulated proliferation of plasma cells (PCs) in bone marrow (BM). MM is a multistep process based on genomic instability, epigenetic dysregulation and a tight cross-talk with the BM microenvironment that plays a pivotal role supporting the proliferation, survival, drug-resistance and homing of PCs. The BM microenvironment consists of a hematopoietic and a non-hematopoietic compartment, which cooperate to create a tumor environment. Among the non-hematopoietic component, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and osteoblasts (OBs) appear transcriptionally and functionally different in MM patients compared to healthy donors (HDs) and to patients with pre-malignant monoclonal gammopathies. Alterations of both MSCs and OBs underly the osteolytic lesions that characterize myeloma-associated bone disease. In this review, we will discuss the different characteristics of MSCs and OBs in MM patients, analyzing the transcriptome, the deregulated molecular pathways and the role performed by miRNAs and exosome in the pathophysiology of MM.
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Todosenko N, Yurova K, Khaziakhmatova O, Malashchenko V, Khlusov I, Litvinova L. Heparin and Heparin-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Pleiotropic Molecular Effects at Multiple Drug Resistance of Osteosarcoma and Immune Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102181. [PMID: 36297616 PMCID: PMC9612132 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main problems of modern health care is the growing number of oncological diseases both in the elderly and young population. Inadequately effective chemotherapy, which remains the main method of cancer control, is largely associated with the emergence of multidrug resistance in tumor cells. The search for new solutions to overcome the resistance of malignant cells to pharmacological agents is being actively pursued. Another serious problem is immunosuppression caused both by the tumor cells themselves and by antitumor drugs. Of great interest in this context is heparin, a biomolecule belonging to the class of glycosaminoglycans and possessing a broad spectrum of biological activity, including immunomodulatory and antitumor properties. In the context of the rapid development of the new field of “osteoimmunology,” which focuses on the collaboration of bone and immune cells, heparin and delivery systems based on it may be of intriguing importance for the oncotherapy of malignant bone tumors. Osteosarcoma is a rare but highly aggressive, chemoresistant malignant tumor that affects young adults and is characterized by constant recurrence and metastasis. This review describes the direct and immune-mediated regulatory effects of heparin and drug delivery systems based on it on the molecular mechanisms of (multiple) drug resistance in (onco) pathological conditions of bone tissue, especially osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Todosenko
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Kristina Yurova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Olga Khaziakhmatova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Vladimir Malashchenko
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Igor Khlusov
- Department of Morphology and General Pathology, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Larisa Litvinova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Search for a Functional Genetic Variant Mimicking the Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitor Treatment. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081174. [PMID: 34440348 PMCID: PMC8391850 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) block renal glucose reabsorption. Due to the unexpected beneficial observations in type 2 diabetic patients potentially related to increased natriuresis, SGLT2i are also studied for heart failure treatment. This study aimed to identify genetic variants mimicking SGLT2i to further our understanding of the potential underlying biological mechanisms. Using the UK Biobank resource, we identified 264 SNPs located in the SLC5A2 gene or within 25kb of the 5′ and 3′ flanking regions, of which 91 had minor allele frequencies >1%. Twenty-seven SNPs were associated with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) after Bonferroni correction in participants without diabetes, while none of the SNPs were associated with sodium excretion. We investigated whether these variants had a directionally consistent effect on sodium excretion, HbA1c levels, and SLC5A2 expression. None of the variants met these criteria. Likewise, we identified no common missense variants, and although four SNPs could be defined as 5′ or 3′ prime untranslated region variants of which rs45612043 was predicted to be deleterious, these SNPs were not annotated to SLC5A2. In conclusion, no genetic variant was found mimicking SGLT2i based on their location near SLC5A2 and their association with sodium excretion or HbA1c and SLC5A2 expression or function.
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Sun C, Li S. PTHR1 in osteosarcoma: Specific molecular mechanisms and comprehensive functional perspective. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3175-3181. [PMID: 33675132 PMCID: PMC8034476 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma occurs largely in children and adolescents and is the most common primary malignant tumour of bone. Although surgical advances and neoadjuvant chemotherapy have made great strides in recent years, rates of local recurrence and lung metastasis remain high, with a plateau in overall survival during the past decade. It is thus urgent to explore the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma and identify potential therapeutic targets. Parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTHR1) belongs to the broad family of G protein–coupled receptors, binding both parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid hormone–related peptide (PTHrP, a paracrine factor). Previous studies have shown that in tissues and cells of osteosarcoma, expression of PTHR1 is markedly increased, correlating with aggressive biologic behaviour and a poor prognosis. PTHR1 expression also correlates closely with epigenetic regulation, transcriptional regulation, post‐translational modification and protein interaction. Herein, we have summarized the latest research on the role played by PTHR1 in progression of osteosarcoma, assessing its clinical utility as a novel biomarker and its therapeutic ramifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Shenglong Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China.,Department of Tissue Engineering, Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University (CMU), Shenyang, China
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Li S, Liu F, Pei Y, Dong Y, Shang Y. Parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor regulates osteosarcoma K7M2 Cell growth by interacting with angiotensinogen. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2841-2850. [PMID: 33511766 PMCID: PMC7957183 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the interactions between parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor (PTHR1) and angiotensinogen (AGT) and the effects of these agents on osteosarcoma (OS). We constructed a stably transfected mouse OS K7M2 cell line (shPTHR1- K7M2) using shRNA and knocked down AGT in these cells using siRNA-AGT. The transfection efficiency and expression of AGT, chemokine C-C motif receptor 3 (CCR3), and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 9 (CCL9) were determined using real-time quantitative PCR. Cell viability and colony formation were assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 and crystal violet staining, respectively. Cell apoptosis and cycle phases were assessed by flow cytometry, and cell migration and invasion were evaluated using Transwell assays. Interference with PTHR1 upregulated the expression of AGT and CCR3, and downregulated that of CCL9, which was further downregulated by AGT knockdown. Cell viability, migration, invasion and colony formation were significantly decreased, while cell apoptosis was significantly increased in shPTHR1-K7M2, compared with those in K7M2 cells (P < .05 for all). However, AGT knockdown further inhibited cell viability after 72 h of culture but promoted cell migration and invasion. PTHR1 interference decreased and increased the numbers of cells in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases, respectively, compared with those in K7M2 cells. Angiotensinogen knockdown increased the number of cells in the G0/G1 phase compared with that in the shPTHR1-K7M2 cells. Therefore, PTHR1 affects cell viability, apoptosis, migration, invasion and colony formation, possibly by regulating AGT/CCL9 in OS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor SurgeryLiaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteCancer Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor SurgeryLiaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteCancer Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yi Pei
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor SurgeryLiaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteCancer Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yujin Dong
- Department of Hand and Foot SurgeryDalian Municipal Center Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Yaohua Shang
- Department of Hand and Foot SurgeryDalian Municipal Center Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
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Multiple Myeloma Bone Disease: Implication of MicroRNAs in Its Molecular Background. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052375. [PMID: 33673480 PMCID: PMC7956742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematological malignancy arising from terminally differentiated plasma cells. In the majority of cases, symptomatic disease is characterized by the presence of bone disease. Multiple myeloma bone disease (MMBD) is a result of an imbalance in the bone-remodeling process that leads to increased osteoclast activity and decreased osteoblast activity. The molecular background of MMBD appears intriguingly complex, as several signaling pathways and cell-to-cell interactions are implicated in the pathophysiology of MMBD. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate the expression of their target mRNAs. Numerous miRNAs have been witnessed to be involved in cancer and hematological malignancies and their role has been characterized either as oncogenic or oncosuppressive. Recently, scientific research turned towards miRNAs as regulators of MMBD. Scientific data support that miRNAs finely regulate the majority of the signaling pathways implicated in MMBD. In this review, we provide concise information regarding the molecular pathways with a significant role in MMBD and the miRNAs implicated in their regulation. Moreover, we discuss their utility as molecular biomarkers and highlight the putative usage of miRNAs as novel molecular targets for targeted therapy in MMBD.
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Zhou L, Lu Y, Liu JS, Long SZ, Liu HL, Zhang J, Zhang T. The role of miR-21/RECK in the inhibition of osteosarcoma by curcumin. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 51:101534. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Yao P, Ni Y, Liu C. Long Non-Coding RNA 691 Regulated PTEN/PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Osteosarcoma Through miRNA-9-5p. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:4597-4606. [PMID: 32547090 PMCID: PMC7250307 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s249827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Large amounts of researches indicate that non-coding RNAs play a crucial role in many malignancies. However, the potential mechanisms of non-coding RNAs involved in osteosarcoma tumorigenesis remain elusive. Materials and Methods The expression of long non-protein coding RNA 691 (lncRNA 691) in cell lines and paired osteosarcoma tissues was compared by qRT-PCR assay. Then, we explored the tumor suppressor function of lncRNA 691 with MTS and colony formation assay. Flow cytometry results showed lncRNA 691 can enhance cell apoptosis. Then, we predicted and verified the negative regulation relationship with miRNA and the miRNA’s target gene. Lastly, we revealed the tumorigenesis function of lncRNA-691/miRNA/target gene axis in osteosarcoma. Results In our study, we disclosed that lncRNA 691 had low expression levels in osteosarcoma cell lines and tissues. Overexpression of lncRNA 691 could suppress the cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis in MG-63 cell line. Then, bioinformatics analyses were performed and miR-9-5p was found to negatively regulate the lncRNA 691 expression and promote the osteosarcoma tumorigenesis in vitro. PTEN was predicted as the target gene of miR-9-5p. Luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay demonstrated the regulatory network of lncRNA 691/miR-9-5p/PTEN. We revealed that PTEN was downregulated by the overexpression of miR-9-5p and upregulated by the overexpression of lncRNA 691. At last, the apoptosis-associated protein of the lncRNA 691/miR-9-5p/PTEN/PI3K/AKT was further demonstrated. Conclusion LncRNA 691/miR-9-5p could regulate the tumorigenesis by regulating the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signal pathway in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Yao
- Department of Joint Surgery, Jiaozuo People's Hospital, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangming Ni
- Department of Joint Surgery, Jiaozuo People's Hospital, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Changlu Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
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Belisario DC, Akman M, Godel M, Campani V, Patrizio MP, Scotti L, Hattinger CM, De Rosa G, Donadelli M, Serra M, Kopecka J, Riganti C. ABCA1/ABCB1 Ratio Determines Chemo- and Immune-Sensitivity in Human Osteosarcoma. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030647. [PMID: 32155954 PMCID: PMC7140509 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATP Binding Cassette transporter B1 (ABCB1) induces chemoresistance in osteosarcoma, because it effluxes doxorubicin, reducing the intracellular accumulation, toxicity, and immunogenic cell death induced by the drug. The ATP Binding Cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) effluxes isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), a strong activator of anti-tumor Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells. Recruiting this population may represent an alternative strategy to rescue doxorubicin efficacy in ABCB1-expressing osteosarcoma. In this work, we analyzed how ABCA1 and ABCB1 are regulated in osteosarcoma, and if increasing the ABCA1-dependent activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells could be an effective strategy against ABCB1-expressing osteosarcoma. We used 2D-cultured doxorubicin-sensitive human U-2OS and Saos-2 cells, their doxorubicin-resistant sublines (U-2OS/DX580 and Saos-2/DX580), and 3D cultures of U-2OS and Saos-2 cells. DX580-sublines and 3D cultures had higher levels of ABCB1 and higher resistance to doxorubicin than parental cells. Surprisingly, they had reduced ABCA1 levels, IPP efflux, and Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell-induced killing. In these chemo-immune-resistant cells, the Ras/Akt/mTOR axis inhibits the ABCA1-transcription induced by Liver X Receptor α (LXRα); Ras/ERK1/2/HIF-1α axis up-regulates ABCB1. Targeting the farnesylation of Ras with self-assembling nanoparticles encapsulating zoledronic acid (NZ) simultaneously inhibited both axes. In humanized mice, NZ reduced the growth of chemo-immune-resistant osteosarcomas, increased intratumor necro-apoptosis, and ABCA1/ABCB1 ratio and Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell infiltration. We suggest that the ABCB1highABCA1low phenotype is indicative of chemo-immune-resistance. We propose aminobisphosphonates as new chemo-immune-sensitizing tools against drug-resistant osteosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimas Carolina Belisario
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.B.); (M.A.); (M.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Muhlis Akman
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.B.); (M.A.); (M.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Martina Godel
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.B.); (M.A.); (M.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Virginia Campani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (V.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Maria Pia Patrizio
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.P.); (C.M.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Lorena Scotti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (V.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Claudia Maria Hattinger
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.P.); (C.M.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Giuseppe De Rosa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (V.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Massimo Serra
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.P.); (C.M.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.B.); (M.A.); (M.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.B.); (M.A.); (M.G.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0116705857
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