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Chen Y, Wang T, Yang Y, Fang Y, Zhao B, Zeng W, Lv D, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Xue Q, Chen X, Wang J, Qi X. Extracellular vesicles derived from PPRV-infected cells enhance signaling lymphocyte activation molecular (SLAM) receptor expression and facilitate virus infection. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010759. [PMID: 36084159 PMCID: PMC9491601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is an important pathogen that seriously influences the productivity of small ruminants worldwide. PPRV is lymphotropic in nature and SLAM was identified as the primary receptor for PPRV and other Morbilliviruses. Many viruses have been demonstrated to engage extracellular vesicles (EVs) to facilitate their replication and pathogenesis. Here, we provide evidence that PPRV infection significantly induced the secretion levels of EVs from goat PBMC, and that PPRV-H protein carried in EVs can enhance SLAM receptor expression in the recipient cells via suppressing miR-218, a negative miRNA directly targeting SLAM gene. Importantly, EVs-mediated increased SLAM expression enhances PPRV infectivity as well as the expression of various cytokines related to SLAM signaling pathway in the recipient cells. Moreover, our data reveal that PPRV associate EVs rapidly entry into the recipient cells mainly through macropinocytosis pathway and cooperated with caveolin- and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Taken together, our findings identify a new strategy by PPRV to enhance virus infection and escape innate immunity by engaging EVs pathway. Peste des petitsruminants virus (PPRV) infection induces a transient but severe immunosuppression in the host, which threatens both small livestock and endangered susceptible wildlife populations in many countries. Despite extensive research, the mechanism underlying pathogenesis of PPRV infection remains elusive. Our data provide the first direct evidence that the EVs derived from PPRV-infected cells are involved in PPRV replication. In this study, the EVs derived from PPRV-infected goat PBMCs can enhance SLAM expression in the recipient cells, and more importantly, EVs-mediated increased SLAM expression enhances PPRV replication as well as the expression of various cytokines related to SLAM signaling pathway in the recipient cells. Taken together, our research has provided new insight into understanding the effect of EVs on PPRV replication and pathogenesis, and revealed a potential therapeutic target for antiviral intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bao Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Animal Disease Control Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Daiyue Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Leyan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanming Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qinghong Xue
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xiwen Chen
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control & Healthy Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (JW); (XQ)
| | - Xuefeng Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (JW); (XQ)
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Xue W, Li T, Zhang S, Wang Y, Hong M, Cui L, Wang H, Zhang Y, Chen T, Zhu R, Chen Z, Zhou L, Zhang R, Cheng T, Zheng Q, Zhang J, Gu Y, Xia N, Li S. Baculovirus Display of Varicella–Zoster Virus Glycoprotein E Induces Robust Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Mice. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081785. [PMID: 36016407 PMCID: PMC9416595 DOI: 10.3390/v14081785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Varicella–zoster virus (VZV) is the causative agent of varicella and herpes zoster (HZ) and can pose a significant challenge to human health globally. The initial VZV infection—more common in children—causes a self-limiting chicken pox. However, in later life, the latent VZV can become reactivated in these patients, causing HZ and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), a serious and painful complication. VZV glycoprotein E (gE) has been developed into a licensed subunit vaccine against HZ (Shingrix). However, its efficacy relies on the concomitant delivery of a robust adjuvant (AS01B). Here, we sought to create a new immunogen for vaccine design by displaying the VZV–gE on the baculovirus surface (Bac–gE). Correct localization and display of gE on the engineered baculovirus was verified by flow cytometry and immune electron microscopy. We show that Bac–gE provides excellent antigenicity against VZV and induces not only stronger gE-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses but also higher levels of VZV–specific neutralizing antibodies as compared with other vaccine strategies in mice. Collectively, we show that the baculovirus display of VZV–gE confers ideal humoral and cellular immune responses required for HZ vaccine development, paving the way for a baculovirus-based vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Sibo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yingbin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Minqing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lingyan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yuyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhenqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lizhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Rongwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Tong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qingbing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ying Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (N.X.); (S.L.)
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (N.X.); (S.L.)
| | - Shaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (N.X.); (S.L.)
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Gautam S, Joshi C, Sharma AK, Singh KP, Gurav A, Sankar M, Ramakrishnan MA, Chaudhary D, Chauhan RS, Dhama K, Dhanavelu M. Virus distribution and early pathogenesis of highly pathogenic peste-des-petits-ruminants virus in experimentally infected goats. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105232. [PMID: 34627939 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite causing one of the most dreaded diseases of small ruminants, relatively little is known about the pathogenic events, antigen distribution and the cells responsible for the uptake and transmission of peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV) during primitive stages of infection. OBJECTIVES We aimed at deciphering the sequential tissue tropism, pathological events and putative role of M2c macrophages during incubatory, prodromal and invasive stages of PPRV infection. METHODOLOGY A total of 10 goats were sequentially sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days post-infection (dpi, n = 2 per time-point) following intranasal inoculation with a highly virulent strain of PPRV (lineage IV PPRV/Izatnagar/94). Histological evaluation to assess PPRV mediated pathologies, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to decipher sequential virus distribution, and dual immunolabelling to determine the role of M2c macrophage in early PPRV uptake and transmission was performed. RESULTS PPRV/Izatnagar/94 caused major pathologies in the lung tissues. Unprecedentedly, PPRV nucleic acid and antigens were detected in various tissues as early as one dpi. RT-qPCR revealed PPRV in the nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, tongue and lymph nodes draining these tissues from 1 dpi. IHC affirms cells residing in the lamina propria and submucosa of the respiratory tract and tongue and peribronchiolar areas of lungs as the primary target of PPRV. Following initial replication in the respiratory tract, PPRV is transmitted to the regional lymph nodes where primary viral amplification occurs. After viraemia and secondary replication in generalized lymphoid tissues, PPRV infects and replicates in the epithelial cells. Further, we localized CD163+ M2c macrophages in the goat tissues, but dual IHC elucidated that M2c macrophages do not facilitate uptake and transmission of PPRV during the early stages of infection. CONCLUSION Our study substantiates the disease establishment process and pathogenesis of PPRV/Izatnagar/94 during the incubatory and prodromal stages of infection. Further, we have also observed M2c macrophage distribution in the goat tissues and demonstrated that they do not pick and transmit PPRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Gautam
- ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteshwar, Nainital, U.K., 263138, India.
| | - Chitra Joshi
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Almora, U.K., 263601, India
| | - Anil K Sharma
- ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P., 243122, India
| | - Karam P Singh
- ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P., 243122, India
| | - Amol Gurav
- ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteshwar, Nainital, U.K., 263138, India
| | - Muthu Sankar
- ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteshwar, Nainital, U.K., 263138, India
| | | | - Dheeraj Chaudhary
- ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteshwar, Nainital, U.K., 263138, India
| | - Ramswaroop S Chauhan
- College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, GBPUAT, U.S. Nagar, U.K., 263145, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P., 243122, India
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