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Liu H, Ma L, Cao Z. DNA methylation and its potential roles in common oral diseases. Life Sci 2024; 351:122795. [PMID: 38852793 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Oral diseases are among the most common diseases worldwide and are associated with systemic illnesses, and the rising occurrence of oral diseases significantly impacts the quality of life for many individuals. It is crucial to detect and treat these conditions early to prevent them from advancing. DNA methylation is a fundamental epigenetic process that contributes to a variety of diseases including various oral diseases. Taking advantage of its reversibility, DNA methylation becomes a viable therapeutic target by regulating various cellular processes. Understanding the potential role of this DNA alteration in oral diseases can provide significant advances and more opportunities for diagnosis and therapy. This article will review the biology of DNA methylation, and then mainly discuss the key findings on DNA methylation in oral cancer, periodontitis, endodontic disease, oral mucosal disease, and clefts of the lip and/or palate in the background of studies on global DNA methylation and gene-specific DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China
| | - Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China; Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China; Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Shi L, Ye X, Zhou J, Fang Y, Yang J, Meng M, Zou J. Roles of DNA methylation in influencing the functions of dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Oral Dis 2024; 30:2797-2806. [PMID: 37856651 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE DNA methylation as intensively studied epigenetic regulatory mechanism exerts pleiotropic effects on dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs). DMSCs have self-renewal and multidifferentiation potential. Here, this review aims at summarizing the research status about application of DMSCs in tissue engineering and clarifying the roles of DNA methylation in influencing the functions of DMSCs, with expectation of paving the way for its in-depth exploration in tissue engineering. METHOD The current research status about influence of DNA methylation in DMSCs was acquired by MEDLINE (through PubMed) and Web of Science using the keywords 'DNA methylation', 'dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells', 'dental pulp stem cells', 'periodontal ligament stem cells', 'dental follicle stem cells', 'stem cells from the apical papilla', 'stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth', and 'gingival-derived mesenchymal stem cells'. RESULTS This review indicates DNA methylation affects DMSCs' differentiation and function through inhibiting or enhancing the expression of specific gene resulted by DNA methylation-related genes or relevant inhibitors. CONCLUSION DNA methylation can influence DMSCs in aspects of osteogenesis, adipogenesis, immunomodulatory function, and so on. Yet, the present studies about DNA methylation in DMSCs commonly focus on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Little has been reported for other DMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingchen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuwen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiazhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingmei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Eldeeb D, Okada H, Suzuki Y, Seki M, Tanaka J, Mishima K, Chung UI, Ohba S, Hojo H. Exploring the Role of DNMT1 in Dental Papilla Cell Fate Specification during Mouse Tooth Germ Development through Integrated Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Bulk RNA Sequencing. J Oral Biosci 2024:S1349-0079(24)00147-6. [PMID: 38942194 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms governing dental mesenchymal cell commitment during tooth development, focusing on odontoblast differentiation and the role of epigenetic regulation in this process. METHODS We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of dental cells from embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5) mice to understand the heterogeneity of developing tooth germ cells. Computational analyses including gene regulatory network (GRN) assessment were conducted. We validated our findings using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in vitro loss-of-function analyses using the DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) inhibitor Gsk-3484862 in primary dental mesenchymal cells (DMCs) isolated from E14.5 mouse tooth germs. Bulk RNA-seq of Gsk-3484862-treated DMCs was performed to identify potential downstream targets of DNMT1. RESULTS scRNA-seq analysis revealed diverse cell populations within the tooth germs, including epithelial, mesenchymal, immune, and muscle cells. Using single-cell regulatory network inference and clustering (SCENIC), we identified Dnmt1 as a key regulator of early odontoblast development. IHC analysis showed the ubiquitous expression of DNMT1 in the dental papilla and epithelium. Bulk RNA-seq of cultured DMCs showed that Gsk-3484862 treatment upregulated odontoblast-related genes, whereas genes associated with cell division and the cell cycle were downregulated. Integrated analysis of bulk RNA-seq data with scRNA-seq SCENIC profiles was used to identify the potential Dnmt1 target genes. CONCLUSIONS Dnmt1 may negatively affect odontoblast commitment and differentiation during tooth development. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying tooth development and future development of hard-tissue regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlia Eldeeb
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Masahide Seki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Junichi Tanaka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University
| | - Kenji Mishima
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University
| | - Ung-Il Chung
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Tissue and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University.
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo.
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Feltran GDS, de Andrade AF, Fernandes CJDC, da Silva RAF, Zambuzzi WF. BMP7-induced osteoblast differentiation requires hedgehog signaling and involves nuclear mechanisms of gene expression control. Cell Biol Int 2024. [PMID: 38591759 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
During the morphological changes occurring in osteoblast differentiation, Sonic hedgehog (Shh) plays a crucial role. While some progress has been made in understanding this process, the epigenetic mechanisms governing the expression of Hh signaling members in response to bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) signaling in osteoblasts remain poorly understood. To delve deeper into this issue, we treated pre-osteoblasts (pObs) with 100 ng/mL of BMP7 for up to 21 days. Initially, we validated the osteogenic phenotype by confirming elevated expression of well-defined gene biomarkers, including Runx2, Osterix, Alkaline Phosphatase (Alp), and bone sialoprotein (Bsp). Simultaneously, Hh signaling-related members Sonic (Shh), Indian (Ihh), and Desert (Dhh) Hedgehog (Hh) exhibited nuanced modulation over the 21 days in vitro period. Subsequently, we evaluated epigenetic markers, and our data revealed a notable change in the CpG methylation profile, considering the methylation/hydroxymethylation ratio. CpG methylation is a reversible process regulated by DNA methyltransferases and demethylases, including Ten-eleven translocation (Tets), which also exhibited changes during the acquisition of the osteogenic phenotype. Specifically, we measured the methylation pattern of Shh-related genes and demonstrated a positive Pearson correlation for GLI Family Zinc Finger 1 (Gli1) and Patched (Ptch1). This data underscores the significance of the epigenetic machinery in modulating the BMP7-induced osteogenic phenotype by influencing the activity of Shh-related genes. In conclusion, this study highlights the positive impact of epigenetic control on the expression of genes related to hedgehog signaling during the morphogenetic changes induced by BMP7 signaling in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia da Silva Feltran
- Lab. of Bioassays and Cellular Dynamics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP: São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Fantini de Andrade
- Lab. of Bioassays and Cellular Dynamics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP: São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Célio Jr da C Fernandes
- Lab. of Bioassays and Cellular Dynamics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP: São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Foganholi da Silva
- Lab. of Bioassays and Cellular Dynamics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP: São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Dental School, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
- CEEpiRG-Center for Epigenetic Study and Genic Regulation, Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian F Zambuzzi
- Lab. of Bioassays and Cellular Dynamics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP: São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hiew VV, Teoh PL. Differential gene expression of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal cells mediated by graphene oxide in basal and osteo-induced media. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:383. [PMID: 38433142 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09324-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graphene oxide (GO) is widespread in scaffold engineering owing to its extraordinary properties such as multiple oxygen functional groups, high hydrophilicity ability and biocompatibility. It is known to promote differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells, but concomitant comparison of its modulation on the expression profiles of Wharton's jelly (WJ)-MSC surface markers, lineage differentiation, and epigenetic regulatory genes in basal and induced condition are still lacking. Unraveling the fundamental mechanisms is essential for the effective utilization of WJ-MSCs incorporated with GO in therapy. This study aims to explore the unique gene expression profiles and epigenetic characteristics of WJ-MSCs influenced by GO. METHODS AND RESULTS The characterized GO-coated coverslip served as a substrate for culturing WJ-MSCs. In addition to investigating the impact of GO on cell proliferation and differentiation, we conducted a gene expression study using PCR array, while epigenetic control was assessed through bisulfite sequencing and Western blot analysis. Our findings indicate that the presence of GO maintained the proliferation and survival of WJ-MSCs. In the absence of induction, GO led to minor lipid and glycosaminoglycan deposition in WJ-MSCs. This was evidenced by the sustained expression of pluripotency and lineage-specific genes, demethylation at the OCT4 promoter, and a decrease in H3K9 methylation. In osteo-induced condition, the occurrence of osteogenesis appeared to be guided by BMP/TGF and ERK pathway activation, accompanied by the upregulation of osteogenic-related genes and downregulation of DNMT3b. CONCLUSIONS GO in osteo-induced condition create a favorable microenvironment that promotes the osteogenesis of WJ-MSCs by influencing genetic and epigenetic controls. This helps in advancing our knowledge on the use of GO as priming platform and WJ-MSCs an alternate source for bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vun Vun Hiew
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Peik Lin Teoh
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
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Ferreira RS, da Silva RA, Feltran GDS, da Silva EP, de Assis RIF, Rovai ES, Zambuzzi WF, Andia DC. JARID1B represses the osteogenic potential of human periodontal ligament mesenchymal cells. Oral Dis 2023. [PMID: 37994179 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Here, we evaluated whether the histone lysine demethylase 5B (JARID1B), is involved in osteogenic phenotype commitment of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), by considering their heterogeneity for osteoblast differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Epigenetic, transcriptional, and protein levels of a gene set, involved in the osteogenesis, were investigated by performing genome-wide DNA (hydroxy)methylation, mRNA expression, and western blotting analysis at basal (without osteogenic induction), and at the 3rd and 10th days of osteogenic stimulus, in vitro, using PDLCs with low (l) and high (h) osteogenic potential as biological models. RESULTS h-PDLCs showed reduced levels of JARID1B, compared to l-PDLCs, with significant inversely proportional correlations between RUNX2 and RUNX2/p57. Epigenetically, a significant reduction in the global H3K4me3 content was observed only in h-PDLCs. Immunoblotting data reveal a significant reduction in the global H3K4me3 content, at 3 days of induction only in h-PDLCs, while an increase in the global H3K4me3 content was observed at 10 days for both PDLCs. Additionally, positive correlations were found between global H3K4me3 levels and JARID1B gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our results show the crucial role of JARID1B in repressing PDLCs osteogenic phenotype and this claims to pre-clinical protocols proposing JARID1B as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério S Ferreira
- School of Dentistry, Health Science Institute, Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A da Silva
- CEEpiRG, Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University - UNIP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Lab. of Bioassays and Cellular Dynamics, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Geórgia Da S Feltran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Lab. of Bioassays and Cellular Dynamics, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ericka Patricia da Silva
- CEEpiRG, Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University - UNIP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rahyza I F de Assis
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Silva Rovai
- Division of Periodontics, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian F Zambuzzi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Lab. of Bioassays and Cellular Dynamics, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Denise C Andia
- School of Dentistry, Health Science Institute, Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Cao J, Zhang Q, Yang Q, Yu Y, Meng M, Zou J. Epigenetic regulation of osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells in periodontitis. Oral Dis 2023; 29:2529-2537. [PMID: 36582112 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by alveolar bone loss. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) have osteogenic differentiation potential, which can be influenced by epigenetics regulation in periodontitis. Therefore, this review aimed to shed light on the role of different epigenetic mechanisms in the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs and to consider the prospects of their possible therapeutic applications in periodontitis. Databases MEDLINE (through PubMed) and Web of Science were searched for the current knowledge of epigenetics in osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs using the keywords "periodontal ligament stem cells", "epigenetic regulation", "epigenetics", "osteogenic differentiation", and "osteogenesis". All studies introducing epigenetic regulation and PDLSCs were retrieved. This review shows that epigenetic factors like DNMT, KDM6A, HDACi, some miRNAs, and lncRNAs can induce the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs in the noninflammatory microenvironment. However, the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs is inhibited in the inflammatory microenvironment through the upregulated DNA methylation of osteogenesis-related genes and specific changes in histone modification and noncoding RNA. Epigenetics of osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs in inflammation exhibits the contrary effect compared with a noninflammatory environment. The application of epigenetic drugs to regulate the abnormal epigenetic status in periodontitis and focus on alveolar bone regeneration is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingmei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Ferreira RS, Assis RIF, Racca F, Bontempi AC, da Silva RA, Wiench M, Andia DC. Analyzes In Silico Indicate the lncRNAs MIR31HG and LINC00939 as Possible Epigenetic Inhibitors of the Osteogenic Differentiation in PDLCs. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1649. [PMID: 37628700 PMCID: PMC10454380 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin conformation, DNA methylation pattern, transcriptional profile, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) interactions constitute an epigenetic pattern that influences the cellular phenotypic commitment and impacts the clinical outcomes in regenerative therapies. Here, we investigated the epigenetic landscape of the SP7 transcriptor factor (SP7) and Distal-Less Homeobox 4 (DLX4) osteoblastic transcription factors (TFs), in human periodontal ligament mesenchymal cells (PDLCs) with low (l-PDLCs) and high (h-PDLCs) osteogenic potential. Chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq), genome DNA methylation (Methylome), and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) assays were performed in l- and h-PDLCs, cultured at 10 days in non-induced (DMEM) and osteogenic (OM) medium in vitro. Data were processed in HOMER, Genome Studio, and edgeR programs, and metadata was analyzed by online bioinformatics tools and in R and Python environments. ATAC-seq analyses showed the TFs genomic regions are more accessible in l-PDLCs than in h-PDLCs. In Methylome analyses, the TFs presented similar average methylation intensities (AMIs), without differently methylated probes (DMPs) between l- and h-PDLCs; in addition, there were no differences in the expression profiles of TFs signaling pathways. Interestingly, we identified the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), MIR31HG and LINC00939, as upregulated in l-PDLCs, in both DMEM and OM. In the following analysis, the web-based prediction tool LncRRIsearch predicted RNA:RNA base-pairing interactions between SP7, DLX4, MIR31HG, and LINC00939 transcripts. The machine learning program TriplexFPP predicted DNA:RNA triplex-forming potential for the SP7 DNA site and for one of the LINC00939 transcripts (ENST00000502479). PCR data confirmed the upregulation of MIR31HG and LINC00939 transcripts in l-PDLCs (× h-PDLCs) in both DMEM and OM (p < 0.05); conversely, SP7 and DLX4 were downregulated, confirming those results observed in the RNA-Seq analysis. Together, these results indicate the lncRNAs MIR31HG and LINC00939 as possible epigenetic inhibitors of the osteogenic differentiation in PDLCs by (post)transcriptional and translational repression of the SP7 and DLX4 TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério S. Ferreira
- School of Dentistry, Health Science Institute, Paulista University, São Paulo 04026-002, SP, Brazil; (R.S.F.); (A.C.B.)
| | - Rahyza I. F. Assis
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29043-910, ES, Brazil
| | - Francesca Racca
- Periodontology Department, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH 43210-1267, USA;
| | - Ana Carolina Bontempi
- School of Dentistry, Health Science Institute, Paulista University, São Paulo 04026-002, SP, Brazil; (R.S.F.); (A.C.B.)
| | - Rodrigo A. da Silva
- Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, São Paulo 04026-002, SP, Brazil;
| | - Malgorzata Wiench
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B5 7EG, UK
| | - Denise C. Andia
- School of Dentistry, Health Science Institute, Paulista University, São Paulo 04026-002, SP, Brazil; (R.S.F.); (A.C.B.)
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Agostinelli BG, Andia DC, Lima AF. Co-initiators of polymerization can modulate the inflammatory cytokine release without major cytotoxic effects in human dental pulp cells. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:1112-1120. [PMID: 36598816 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the cytotoxicity of co-initiators of polymerization and its influence on cytokine release from human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). Cells were isolated from the dental pulp of sound human third molars. The co-initiators dimethylaminoethyl amine benzoate-(EDAB), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA); 2-Ethylhexyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (EHA) and bis(4-methyl phenyl)iodonium hexafluorophosphate (BPI) were diluted in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at different concentrations. In this way, experimental groups and one control (without treatment) were obtained. hDPCs (10 × 104 cell per well) were seeded on 96 well plates and incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 48 h. After this, the cells were exposed to different concentrations of co-initiators cited for 24 h. After this time, the culture medium was removed, and the mitochondrial metabolism was evaluated by MTT assay, cell death by flow cytometry, and cytokine released (IL-1β, IL6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α) was analyzed by MAGPIX assay. The data were analyzed by ANOVA one-way and Tukey's test. EHA, DMAEMA, and EDAB did not reduce the mitochondrial metabolism. BPI presented high toxicity with remarkable reduction (80%) after exposure to 1 mM. The cell death of all test groups was similar to control. After 24 h treatment, the IL-8 was up-regulated by all compounds, while IL-6 was upregulated after exposure to EHA and downregulated after DMAEMA stimulation. BPI, EHA, EDAB, and DMAEMA can trigger an initial inflammatory response, upregulating the IL-8 secretion in hDPCs in a compound-concentration-dependent manner; however, this was not accompanied by major cytotoxic effects at cell death or mitochondrial-metabolism levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adriano F Lima
- Dental Research Division, Paulista University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Alghfeli L, Parambath D, Tag Eldeen LA, El-Serafi I, El-Serafi AT. Non-additive effect of the DNA methylation inhibitor, 5-Aza-dC, and glass as a culture surface on osteogenic differentiation. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12433. [PMID: 36590514 PMCID: PMC9794900 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical need for bone regenerative solutions is expanding with increasing life expectancy and escalating incidence of accidents. Several strategies are being investigated to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. We previously reported two different approaches for this purpose, in monolayer and three-dimensional cell culture. The first approach was based on pretreating cells with 5-Aza-dC, a DNA methylation inhibitor, before the applying the differentiation media. The second approach was based on culturing cells on a glass surface during differentiation. In this study, we investigated the potential effect of combining both methods. Our results suggested that both approaches were associated with decreasing global DNA methylation levels. Cells cultured as a monolayer on glass surface showed enhancement in alkaline phosphatase activity at day 10, while 5-Aza-dC pretreatment enhanced the activity at day 5, irrespective of the culture surface. In three-dimensional pellet culture, 5-Aza-dC pretreatment enhanced osteogenesis through Runx-2 and TGF-β1 upregulation while the glass surface induced Osterix. Furthermore, pellets cultured on glass showed upregulation of a group of miRNAs, including pro-osteogenesis miR- 20a and miR -148b and anti-osteogenesis miR -125b, miR -31, miR -138, and miR -133a. Interestingly, 5-Aza-dC was not associated with a change of miRNAs in cells cultured on tissue culture plastic but reverted the upregulated miRNAs on the glass to the basal level. This study confirms the two approaches for enhancing osteogenic differentiation and contradicts their combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Alghfeli
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Divyasree Parambath
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Loaa A. Tag Eldeen
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim El-Serafi
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Ajman University, United Arab Emirates,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Port-Said University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed T. El-Serafi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates,Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden,Corresponding author.
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Shi Q, Feng N, Ma Q, Wang S, Zhang H, Huang D, Sun J, Shi M. ZNF354C Mediated by DNMT1 Ameliorates Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Oxidative Stress Injury by Reducing TFPI Promoter Methylation to Upregulate TFPI. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7288729. [PMID: 35915612 PMCID: PMC9338733 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7288729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Pulmonary ischemia reperfusion- (I/R-) induced dysfunction is a significant clinical problem after lung transplantation. In this study, we aim to explore the molecular mechanism of lung I/R injury (LIRI). Methods Bioinformatic analysis of gene involved in oxidative stress. A HUVEC oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model and I/R mouse model were first established via I/R. The cellular proliferation, migration, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and parameters of lung injury were assessed via CCK-8, EdU staining, Transwell, cellular ROS kit, and H&E staining. We also confirmed related gene expressions and protein levels and the interaction between the tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) promotor and ZNF354C. Results Bioinformatic analysis results showed TFPI contributed to oxidative stress. OGD/R caused a reduction in cell viability and migration, hypermethylation of TFPI, increased ROS, and downregulation of ZNF354C, TFPI, and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in HUVECs. Besides, ZNF354C could directly bind to the TFPI promoter, enhance proliferation and migration, and inhibit ROS in OGD/R-induced HUVECs by upregulating TFPI. More importantly, we discovered that 5-Aza could reduce TFPI methylation, upregulate TFPI, and enhance the binding of ZNF354C to the TFPI promoter in LIRI. Furthermore, DNMT1 silencing could induce proliferation and migration and prevent ROS in OGD/R-induced HUVECs by upregulating ZNF354C. Additionally, we verified that ZNF354C could alleviate LIRI by preventing DNA methylation in vivo. Conclusions ZNF354C overexpression induced proliferation and migration, as well as suppressed ROS in OGD/R-induced HUVECs, and alleviated LIRI in mice by inhibiting TFPI promoter methylation to upregulate TFPI. Therefore, ZNF354C and TFPI methylation might be promising molecular markers for LIRI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Affiliated with Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Respiratory Endoscopy, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Nana Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiang Su University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qingyun Ma
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Affiliated with Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Affiliated with Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Affiliated with Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Dayu Huang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Affiliated with Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jiayuan Sun
- Department of Respiratory Endoscopy, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Meng Shi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Affiliated with Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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Osteogenic Commitment of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells Is Predetermined by Methylation, Chromatin Accessibility and Expression of Key Transcription Factors. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071126. [PMID: 35406691 PMCID: PMC8997528 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLCs) can be used as a valuable source in cell therapies to regenerate bone tissue. However, the potential therapeutic outcomes are unpredictable due to PDLCs’ heterogeneity regarding the capacity for osteoblast differentiation and mineral nodules production. Here, we identify epigenetic (DNA (hydroxy)methylation), chromatin (ATAC-seq) and transcriptional (RNA-seq) differences between PDLCs presenting with low (l) and high (h) osteogenic potential. The primary cell populations were investigated at basal state (cultured in DMEM) and after 10 days of osteogenic stimulation (OM). At a basal state, the expression of transcription factors (TFs) and the presence of gene regulatory regions related to osteogenesis were detected in h-PDLCs in contrast to neuronal differentiation prevalent in l-PDLCs. These differences were also observed under stimulated conditions, with genes and biological processes associated with osteoblast phenotype activated more in h-PDLCs. Importantly, even after the induction, l-PDLCs showed hypermethylation and low expression of genes related to bone development. Furthermore, the analysis of TFs motifs combined with TFs expression suggested the relevance of SP1, SP7 and DLX4 regulation in h-PDLCs, while motifs for SIX and OLIG2 TFs were uniquely enriched in l-PDLCs. Additional analysis including a second l-PDLC population indicated that the high expression of OCT4, SIX3 and PPARG TFs could be predictive of low osteogenic commitment. In summary, several biological processes related to osteoblast commitment were activated in h-PDLCs from the onset, while l-PDLCs showed delay in the activation of the osteoblastic program, restricted by the persistent methylation of gene related to bone development. These processes are pre-determined by distinguishable epigenetic and transcriptional patterns, the recognition of which could help in selection of PDLCs with pre-osteoblastic phenotype.
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Rodríguez-Mejía LC, Romero-Estudillo I, Rivillas-Acevedo LA, French-Pacheco L, Silva-Martínez GA, Alvarado-Caudillo Y, Colín-Castelán D, Rodríguez-Ríos D, Wrobel K, Wrobel K, Lund G, Zaina S. The DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitor RG108 is Converted to Activator Following Conjugation with Short Peptides. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Adolpho LF, Lopes HB, Freitas GP, Weffort D, Campos Totoli GG, Loyola Barbosa AC, Freire Assis RI, Silverio Ruiz KG, Andia DC, Rosa AL, Beloti MM. Human periodontal ligament stem cells with distinct osteogenic potential induce bone formation in rat calvaria defects. Regen Med 2022; 17:341-353. [PMID: 35291805 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2021-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the ability of human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) with high (HP-PDLSCs) and low (LP-PDLSCs) osteogenic potential, in addition to mixed cells, to repair bone tissue. Methods: Cell phenotype, proliferation and differentiation were evaluated. Undifferentiated PDLSCs were injected into rat calvarial defects and the new bone was evaluated by μCT, histology and real-time PCR. Results: PDLSCs exhibited a typical mesenchymal stem cell phenotype and HP-PDLSCs showed lower proliferative and higher osteogenic potential than LP-PDLSCs. PDLSCs induced similar bone formation and histological analysis suggests a remodeling process, confirmed by osteogenic and osteoclastogenic markers, especially in tissues derived from defects treated with HP-PDLSCs. Conclusion: PDLSCs induced similar bone formation irrespective of their in vitro osteogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Faustino Adolpho
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Helena Bacha Lopes
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Gileade Pereira Freitas
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Denise Weffort
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Guaraldo Campos Totoli
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Loyola Barbosa
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Rahyza Inacio Freire Assis
- Department of Prosthodontics & Periodontics, Periodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Av Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Karina Gonzales Silverio Ruiz
- Department of Prosthodontics & Periodontics, Periodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Av Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Denise Carleto Andia
- Health Science Institute, Dental Research Division, Paulista University, Dr Bacelar St, 1212, São Paulo, SP, 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Luiz Rosa
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Marcio Mateus Beloti
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
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Ferreira RS, Assis RIF, Feltran GDS, do Rosário Palma IC, Françoso BG, Zambuzzi WF, Andia DC, da Silva RA. Genome-wide DNA (hydroxy) methylation reveals the individual epigenetic landscape importance on osteogenic phenotype acquisition in periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontol 2021; 93:435-448. [PMID: 34291826 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal cells' biology has been an important investigative tool to maximize bone regeneration through tissue engineering. Here we used mesenchymal cells from periodontal ligament (PDLCs) with high (h-) and low (l-) osteogenic potential, isolated from different donors, to investigate the impact of the individual epigenetic and transcriptional profiles on the osteogenic potential. METHODS Genome-wide and gene-specific DNA (hydroxy) methylation, mRNA expression and immunofluorescence analysis were carried out in h- and l-PDLCs at DMEM (non-induced to osteogenesis) and OM (induced-3rd and 10th days of osteogenic differentiation) groups in vitro. RESULTS Genome-wide results showed distinct epigenetic profile among PDLCs with most of the differences on 10th day of OM; DMEMs showed higher concentrations (xOM) of differentially methylated probes in gene body, intronic and open sea (3rd day), increasing this concentration in TSS200 and island regions, at 10 days. At basal levels, h- and l-PDLCs showed different transcriptional profiles; l-PDLCs demonstrated higher levels of NANOG/OCT4/SOX2, BAPX1, DNMT3A, TET1/3, and lower levels of RUNX2 transcripts, confirmed by NANOG/OCT4 and RUNX2 immunofluorescence. After osteogenic induction, the distinct transcriptional profile of multipotentiality genes was maintained among PDLCs. In l-PDLCs, the anti-correlation between DNA methylation and gene expression in RUNX2 and NANOG indicates methylation could play a role in modulating both transcripts. CONCLUSIONS Epigenetic and transcriptional distinct profiles detected at basal levels among PDLCs were maintained after osteogenic induction. We cannot discard the existence of a complex that represses osteogenesis, suggesting the individual donors' characteristics have significant impact on the osteogenic phenotype acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério S Ferreira
- School of Dentistry, Health Science Institute, Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rahyza I F Assis
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Geórgia da S Feltran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz G Françoso
- School of Dentistry, Health Science Institute, Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian F Zambuzzi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Denise C Andia
- School of Dentistry, Health Science Institute, Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A da Silva
- Department of Dentistry, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, Brazil.,Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil
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