Novel Long Noncoding RNAs, LINC01093 and MYLK-AS1, Serve as Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers or Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Exploring the mechanism of LncRNA CASC15 affecting hepatocellular carcinoma through miRNA

This study aimed to determine the potential mechanisms through which long noncoding (Lnc) RNA cancer susceptibility candidate 15 (CASC15) affects hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We retrieved HCC RNA-seq and clinical information from the UCSC Xena database. The differential expression (DE) of CASC15 was detected. Overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves. Molecular function and signaling pathways affected by CASC15 were determined using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Associations between CASC15 and the HCC microenvironment were investigated using immuno-infiltration assays. A differential CASC15-miRNA-mRNA network and HCC-specific CASC15-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network were constructed. The overexpression of CASC15 in HCC tissues was associated with histological grade, clinical stage, pathological T stage, poor survival, more complex immune cell components, and 12 immune checkpoints. We identified 27 DE miRNAs and 270 DE mRNAs in the differential CASC15-miRNA-mRNA network, and 10 key genes that were enriched in 12 cancer-related signaling pathways. Extraction of the HCC-specific CASC15-miRNA-mRNA network revealed that IGF1R, MET, and KRAS were associated with HCC progression and occurrence. Our bioinformatic findings confirmed that CASC15 is a promising prognostic biomarker for HCC, and elevated levels in HCC are associated with the tumor microenvironment. We also constructed a disease-specific CASC15-miRNA-mRNA regulatory ceRNA network that provides a new perspective for the precise indexing of patients with elevated levels of CASC15.

Hub biomarkers in ultrasound-guided bladder cancer and osteosarcoma: Myosin light chain kinase and caldesmon

Bladder cancer and osteosarcoma are 2 types of cancers that originate from epithelial tissues inside the bladder and bone or muscle tissues. Ultrasound-guided biopsies provide crucial support for the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer and osteosarcoma. However, the relationship between myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) and caldesmon (CALD1) and bladder cancer and osteosarcoma remains unclear. The bladder cancer datasets GSE65635 and GSE100926, the osteosarcoma dataset GSE39058, were obtained from gene expression omnibus. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed. The construction and analysis of protein-protein interaction network, functional enrichment analysis, gene set enrichment analysis. Gene expression heat map was drawn and immune infiltration analysis was performed. The comparative toxicogenomics database analysis were performed to find disease most related to core gene. Western blotting experiments were performed. TargetScan screened miRNAs that regulated central DEGs. We obtained 54 DEGs. Functional enrichment analysis revealed significant enrichment in terms of cellular differentiation, cartilage development, skeletal development, muscle actin cytoskeleton, actin filament, Rho GTPase binding, DNA binding, fibroblast binding, MAPK signaling pathway, apoptosis, and cancer pathways. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs were primarily enriched in terms of skeletal development, cartilage development, muscle actin cytoskeleton, MAPK signaling pathway, and apoptosis. The immune infiltration analysis showed that when T cells regulatory were highly expressed, Eosinophils exhibited a similar high expression, suggesting a strong positive correlation between T cells regulatory and Eosinophils, which might influence the disease progression in osteosarcoma. We identified 6 core genes (SRF, CTSK, MYLK, VCAN, MEF2C, CALD1). MYLK and CALD1 were significantly correlated with survival rate and exhibited lower expression in bladder cancer and osteosarcoma samples compared to normal samples. Comparative toxicogenomics database analysis results indicated associations of core genes with osteosarcoma, bladder tumors, bladder diseases, tumors, inflammation, and necrosis. The results of Western blotting showed that the expression levels of MYLK and CALD1 in bladder cancer and osteosarcoma were lower than those in normal tissues. MYLK and CALD1 likely play a role in regulating muscle contraction and smooth muscle function in bladder cancer and osteosarcoma. The lower expression of MYLK and CALD1 is associated with poorer prognosis.