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Qiu D, Zhou P, Kang J, Chen Z, Xu Z, Yang H, Tao J, Ai F. ZnO nanoparticle modified chitosan/borosilicate bioglass composite scaffold for inhibiting bacterial infection and promoting bone regeneration. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac99c5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The treatment of implant-associated bone infection remains a significant clinical challenge. However, bone scaffolds with antimicrobial activity and osteoinductive properties can prevent these infections and improve clinical outcomes. In this study, borosilicate bioglass and chitosan composite scaffolds were prepared, and then the surface was modified with nano-zinc oxide. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the chitosan/borosilicate bioglass scaffolds have good degradation and osteogenic properties, while the oxidized Zinc scaffolds have better antibacterial properties.
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Wang G, Jiang W, Mo S, Xie L, Liao Q, Hu L, Ruan Q, Tang K, Mehrjou B, Liu M, Tong L, Wang H, Zhuang J, Wu G, Chu PK. Nonleaching Antibacterial Concept Demonstrated by In Situ Construction of 2D Nanoflakes on Magnesium. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902089. [PMID: 31921567 PMCID: PMC6947590 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In bone implants, antibacterial biomaterials with nonleaching surfaces are superior to ones based on abrupt release because systemic side effects arising from the latter can be avoided. In this work, a nonleaching antibacterial concept is demonstrated by fabricating 2D nanoflakes in situ on magnesium (Mg). Different from the conventional antibacterial mechanisms that depend on Mg2+ release and pH increase, the nanoflakes exert mechanical tension onto the bacteria membranes to destroy microorganisms on contact and produce intracellular stress via physical interactions, which is also revealed by computational simulations. Moreover, the nanoflake layer decelerates the corrosion process resulting in mitigated Mg2+ release, weaker alkalinity in the vicinity, and less hydrogen evolution, in turn inducing less inflammatory reactions and ensuring the biocompatibility as confirmed by the in vivo study. In this way, bacteria are killed by a mechanical process causing very little side effects. This work provides information and insights pertaining to the design of multifunctional biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomin Wang
- Department of PhysicsDepartment of Materials Science and Engineeringand Department of Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloonHong KongChina
| | - Wenjuan Jiang
- College of PharmacyWestern University of Health Sciences309 E. Second StPomonaCA91766USA
| | - Shi Mo
- Department of PhysicsDepartment of Materials Science and Engineeringand Department of Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloonHong KongChina
| | - Lingxia Xie
- Research Center for Biomedical Materials and InterfacesShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Qing Liao
- Research Center for Biomedical Materials and InterfacesShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Liangsheng Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong ProvinceShantou UniversityGuangdong515063P. R. China
| | - Qingdong Ruan
- Department of PhysicsDepartment of Materials Science and Engineeringand Department of Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloonHong KongChina
| | - Kaiwei Tang
- Department of PhysicsDepartment of Materials Science and Engineeringand Department of Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloonHong KongChina
| | - Babak Mehrjou
- Department of PhysicsDepartment of Materials Science and Engineeringand Department of Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloonHong KongChina
| | - Mengting Liu
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics InstituteKeck School of Medicine of USCUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
| | - Liping Tong
- Research Center for Biomedical Materials and InterfacesShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- Research Center for Biomedical Materials and InterfacesShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhuang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215163P. R. China
| | - Guosong Wu
- College of Mechanics and MaterialsHohai UniversityNanjing211100P. R. China
| | - Paul K. Chu
- Department of PhysicsDepartment of Materials Science and Engineeringand Department of Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloonHong KongChina
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial coatings have a great potential in the treatment and prevention of periprosthetic joint infection. OBJECTIVE To present established and novel concepts of antimicrobial coatings. METHODS A literature review and discussion of published concepts in basic research, pre-clinical animal studies, and clinical practice were carried out. RESULTS To date there has been a wide range of technical solutions (anti-adhesive surfaces, bioactive surfaces with antimicrobial effects, surfaces releasing antimicrobial substances, nanostructures, bioactive surfaces affecting biofilm development) demonstrating a high potential in pre-clinical studies. Only a few with the bactericidal activity of silver ions have been prepared for the market. Conclusive results with regard to biocompatibility and toxicity are lacking. DISCUSSION Despite the great potential of antimicrobial coatings, no conclusive decisions can be made because of the limited data and the lack of evidence of their clinical efficacy on the basis of prospective controlled clinical studies. In addition to their unlimited biocompatibility, innovative concepts have to be feasible in everyday clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gravius
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Deutschland.
| | - D C Wirtz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Deutschland
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Xue Y, Xiao H, Zhang Y. Antimicrobial polymeric materials with quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:3626-55. [PMID: 25667977 PMCID: PMC4346917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16023626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymeric materials containing quaternary ammonium and/or phosphonium salts have been extensively studied and applied to a variety of antimicrobial-relevant areas. With various architectures, polymeric quaternary ammonium/phosphonium salts were prepared using different approaches, exhibiting different antimicrobial activities and potential applications. This review focuses on the state of the art of antimicrobial polymers with quaternary ammonium/phosphonium salts. In particular, it discusses the structure and synthesis method, mechanisms of antimicrobial action, and the comparison of antimicrobial performance between these two kinds of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xue
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Environment Science & Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China.
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Campoccia D, Montanaro L, Arciola CR. A review of the biomaterials technologies for infection-resistant surfaces. Biomaterials 2013; 34:8533-54. [PMID: 23953781 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 762] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anti-infective biomaterials need to be tailored according to the specific clinical application. All their properties have to be tuned to achieve the best anti-infective performance together with safe biocompatibility and appropriate tissue interactions. Innovative technologies are developing new biomaterials and surfaces endowed with anti-infective properties, relying either on antifouling, or bactericidal, or antibiofilm activities. This review aims at thoroughly surveying the numerous classes of antibacterial biomaterials and the underlying strategies behind them. Bacteria repelling and antiadhesive surfaces, materials with intrinsic antibacterial properties, antibacterial coatings, nanostructured materials, and molecules interfering with bacterial biofilm are considered. Among the new strategies, the use of phages or of antisense peptide nucleic acids are discussed, as well as the possibility to modulate the local immune response by active cytokines. Overall, there is a wealth of technical solutions to contrast the establishment of an implant infection. Many of them exhibit a great potential in preclinical models. The lack of well-structured prospective multicenter clinical trials hinders the achievement of conclusive data on the efficacy and comparative performance of anti-infective biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Campoccia
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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Montanaro L, Speziale P, Campoccia D, Ravaioli S, Cangini I, Pietrocola G, Giannini S, Arciola CR. Scenery ofStaphylococcusimplant infections in orthopedics. Future Microbiol 2011; 6:1329-49. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Sun X, Cao Z, Porteous N, Sun Y. Amine, Melamine, and Amide N-Halamines as Antimicrobial Additives for Polymers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010; 49:11206-11213. [PMID: 21088762 DOI: 10.1021/ie101519u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
N-chloro-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol laurate (Cl-TMPL) was prepared by reacting 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol hydrochloride (TMP·HCl) with lauroyl chloride, followed by chlorination with sodium dichloroisocyanurate. The chemical structure of Cl-TMPL was characterized with FT-IR, NMR, DSC, and TGA analyses. The antimicrobial performance of Cl-TMPL against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was compared with 1-chloro-3-dodecyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (Cl-DDMH), a amide N-halamine, and chloro-2,4-diamino-6-dodecyl-1,3,5-triazine (Cl-DADT), a melamine (imino) N-halamine. The three classes of N-halamines were used as additives for polyurethane (PU). Visible light transparency data indicated that up to 6% of Cl-DDMH or Cl-DADT could be compatibly mixed with PU, but Cl-TMPL had low compatibility with PU at higher than 2% of Cl-TMPL. With the same additive content, Cl-DDMH and Cl-DADT provided more powerful antimicrobial and biofilm-controlling effects than Cl-TMPL. In stability studies, however, PU samples with Cl-TMPL released the lowest amount of active chlorine into the immersing solution, suggesting the highest stability of the antimicrobial and biofilm-controlling efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Sun
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57107
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Madkour AE, Dabkowski JM, Nüsslein K, Tew GN. Fast disinfecting antimicrobial surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:1060-7. [PMID: 19177651 PMCID: PMC3748578 DOI: 10.1021/la802953v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Silicon wafers and glass surfaces were functionalized with facially amphiphilic antimicrobial copolymers using the "grafting from" technique. Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was used to grow poly(butylmethacrylate)-co-poly(Boc-aminoethyl methacrylate) from the surfaces. Upon Boc-deprotection, these surfaces became highly antimicrobial and killed S. aureus and E. coli 100% in less than 5 min. The molecular weight and grafting density of the polymer were controlled by varying the polymerization time and initiator surface density. Antimicrobial studies showed that the killing efficiency of these surfaces was independent of polymer layer thickness or grafting density within the range of surfaces studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad E. Madkour
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jeffery M. Dabkowski
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Klaus Nüsslein
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Gregory N. Tew
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Corresponding author: University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. Fax: +1-413-545-0082,
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Campoccia D, Montanaro L, Moriarty TF, Richards RG, Ravaioli S, Arciola CR. The selection of appropriate bacterial strains in preclinical evaluation of infection-resistant biomaterials. Int J Artif Organs 2009; 31:841-7. [PMID: 18924097 DOI: 10.1177/039139880803100913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Implant-related infections are broadly recognized as one of the most serious and devastating complications associated with the use of biomaterials in medical practice. The growing interest and need for the development of implant materials with reduced susceptibility to microbial colonization and biofilm formation has necessitated the development of a series of in vitro and in vivo models for evaluation and preclinical testing. Current technologies provide these investigations with an ample choice of qualitative and quantitative techniques for an accurate assessment of the bioactivity and anti-infective efficacy of any new compound or device. These tests are typically performed using a reference bacterial strain designated as the test or reference strain. Recent molecular epidemiological studies have identified the complex clonal nature of most prevalent etiological agents implicated in implant-associated infections. New information which is continually emerging on the identity and the characteristics of both sporadic and epidemic clones must be considered when selecting a reference. A new emerging requirement is that the strain should be representative of the clones causing clinically relevant infections; they should, therefore, belong to the most prevalent epidemic clones rather than to sporadic ones, which may occur in only 1 out of 200 infections or even fewer. The correct choice of reference strain for preclinical tests is of crucial importance for the clinical significance of the achieved results. In this paper we report our experience and recommendations regarding this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Campoccia
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
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Luo J, Chen Z, Sun Y. Controlling biofilm formation with an N-halamine-based polymeric additive. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 77:823-31. [PMID: 16575910 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
An N-halamine-based polymeric additive, poly[(6-morpholino-s-triazine-2,4-diyl)-N-chloro-[2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino]-hexamethylene[(2,2,6,6-4-piperidyl) imino]] (APA-1), was prepared in this study. The chemical structure of APA-1 was confirmed by iodometric titration, (1)H NMR, and (13)C NMR analysis. APA-1 was incorporated into polyurethane through solvent casting. The resultant materials demonstrated potent antimicrobial functions against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Zone of inhibition studies showed that APA-1 inactivated the bacteria through contact, without leaching out of the polyurethane samples. In vitro studies illustrated that APA-1-containing polyurethane could prevent the colonization and biofilm formation of S. epidermidis for at least 28 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- Department of Human Ecology, University of Texas at Austin, 78712, USA
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Gabriel GJ, Som A, Madkour AE, Eren T, Tew GN. Infectious Disease: Connecting Innate Immunity to Biocidal Polymers. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. R, REPORTS : A REVIEW JOURNAL 2007; 57:28-64. [PMID: 18160969 PMCID: PMC2153456 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2007.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Infectious disease is a critically important global healthcare issue. In the U.S. alone there are 2 million new cases of hospital-acquired infections annually leading to 90,000 deaths and 5 billion dollars of added healthcare costs. Couple these numbers with the appearance of new antibiotic resistant bacterial strains and the increasing occurrences of community-type outbreaks, and clearly this is an important problem. Our review attempts to bridge the research areas of natural host defense peptides (HDPs), a component of the innate immune system, and biocidal cationic polymers. Recently discovered peptidomimetics and other synthetic mimics of HDPs, that can be short oligomers as well as polymeric macromolecules, provide a unique link between these two areas. An emerging class of these mimics are the facially amphiphilic polymers that aim to emulate the physicochemical properties of HDPs but take advantage of the synthetic ease of polymers. These mimics have been designed with antimicrobial activity and, importantly, selectivity that rivals natural HDPs. In addition to providing some perspective on HDPs, selective mimics, and biocidal polymers, focus is given to the arsenal of biophysical techniques available to study their mode of action and interactions with phospholipid membranes. The issue of lipid type is highlighted and the important role of negative curvature lipids is illustrated. Finally, materials applications (for instance, in the development of permanently antibacterial surfaces) are discussed as this is an important part of controlling the spread of infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Gabriel
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003
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Campoccia D, Montanaro L, Arciola CR. The significance of infection related to orthopedic devices and issues of antibiotic resistance. Biomaterials 2005; 27:2331-9. [PMID: 16364434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 679] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2005] [Accepted: 11/28/2005] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 15 years, with the advent of modern standards in the control of sterility within the operating room environment and adequate protocols of peri-operative antibiotic prophylaxis, the incidence of infections associated to orthopedic implants has become very low. Nevertheless, the event of infection still represents one of the most serious and devastating complications which may involve prosthetic devices. It leads to complex revision procedures and, often, to the failure of the implant and the need for its complete removal. In orthopedics, for the enormous number of surgical procedures involving invasive implant materials, even if nowadays rare, infections have a huge impact in terms of morbidity, mortality, and medical costs. The difficult battle to prevent and fight bacterial infections associated to prosthetic materials must be played on different grounds. A winning strategy requires a clear view of the pathogenesis and the epidemiology of implant-related infections, with a special attention on the alarming phenomenon of antibiotic resistance. In this regard staphylococci are the prevalent and most important causative pathogens involved in orthopedic implant-related infections, and, thus, the main enemy to defeat. In this paper, we offer an overview of the complexity of this battleground and of the current and new, in our opinion most promising, strategies in the field of biomaterials to reduce the risks and counteract the establishment of implant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Campoccia
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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