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Pedraza AM, Pandav K, Menon M, Khera M, Wagaskar V, Dovey Z, Mohamed N, Parekh S, Tewari AK. Current strategies to improve erectile function in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy-intraoperative scenario. Urol Oncol 2022; 40:79-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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2
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Song WH, Sun I, Jang G, Lee JH, Jeong JH, Lee JC, Kim HC, Jeong CW. Feasibility study of a novel rectal cooling system for hypothermic radical prostatectomy in a swine model. Investig Clin Urol 2022; 63:475-481. [PMID: 35796142 PMCID: PMC9262486 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20220092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal damage and inflammatory responses of the sphincter and neurovascular bundles (NVBs) are responsible for post-prostatectomy incontinence and erectile dysfunction. Intraoperative hypothermia in the pelvic cavity may reduce the occurrence of these complications. We evaluated the feasibility of a novel rectal cooling system using an animal model. A novel rectal cooling system consisting of a cooling console and a multi-lumen rectal balloon was developed. We conducted animal tests on male pigs to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the system. The primary endpoint was to maintain the temperature of the NVBs at 25℃ (±5℃) during and after the electrocauterization of the bladder neck for 10 seconds. The safety endpoint was device-related complications or significant changes in the core body temperature of the pigs. The NVB temperature was below 30℃ within 3 minutes of activation of the rectal balloon. The temperature of the proximal NVB was consistently maintained below 25℃ in all cases. The temperature 1 cm from the bladder neck did not rise above 38°C and dropped to the initial level within 1 minute after electrocauterization. During cooling, the minimum temperature at the apex of the prostate was reduced to 10.1℃. There were no device-related complications or significant changes in core body temperature throughout the experiment. Animal tests suggest the feasibility and safety of this novel rectal cooling system. A first-in-human trial to assess the safety and efficacy of this system during radical prostatectomy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Hoon Song
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Inyoung Sun
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gwan Jang
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Urology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Chan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Chan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Wook Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Dovey ZS, Tewari AK. Anatomical robotic prostatectomy: technical factors to achieve superb continence and erectile function. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:887-897. [PMID: 32420204 PMCID: PMC7214991 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2020.01.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Debate continues as to the superiority of robotic versus open radical prostatectomy for the surgical treatment of localized prostate cancer. Despite this controversy, retrospective data from high volume centres has demonstrated RARP is associated with improved pentafecta outcomes with lower transfusion rates, less incontinence, lower positive surgical margins and improved potency. Advocates of robotic assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) believe an enhanced visual field, the precision afforded by robotic technology as well as lack of bleeding, sharp dissection and delicate tissue handling lead to improved outcomes. Prostate Cancer is the second most common cancer diagnosed in men, and as the number of post-surgical patients increases, the complications of urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction not only have a significant negative impact on patients' quality of life, but have become an expanding part of clinical practice. This article outlines what are believed to be the most important strategies based on anatomical knowledge and technical expertise, that allow robotic prostatectomists to achieve superb outcomes in urinary and erectile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach S Dovey
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, USA
| | - Ash K Tewari
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, USA
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Huynh LM, Skarecky D, Porter J, Wagner C, Witt J, Wilson T, Lau C, Ahlering TE. A Randomized Control Trial Of Anti-Inflammatory Regional Hypothermia On Urinary Continence During Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16352. [PMID: 30397236 PMCID: PMC6218497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34657-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study seeks to present a single-blind, randomized control trial of a hypothermic anti-inflammatory device, the endorectal cooling balloon (ECB), to assess whether regional hypothermia could improve 90-day and time to pad-free continence following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Five high-volume surgeons at three institutions had patients randomized (1:1) to regional hypothermia with ECB versus control. Patients were blinded to device use, as it was inserted and removed intraoperatively. Knowledge of device use was restricted to the operating room personnel only; recovery room and ward nursing staff were not informed of device use and instructed to indicate such if a patient inquired. An independent and blinded data acquisition contractor assessed outcomes via components of the EPIC and IPSS. The primary outcome was categorical pad-free continence at 90-days and the secondary outcome was a Kaplan-Meier time-to pad-free continence at 90 days. 100 hypothermia and 99 control patients were included. The primary outcome of 90-day pad-free continence was 50.0% (27.8-70.0%) in the hypothermia group versus 59.2% (33.3-78.6%) in the control (p = 0.194). The secondary outcome of Kaplan Meier analysis for time to 90-day continence was not statistically significant. At one year, there were also no statistically significant differences in continence recovery. Post-hoc analysis revealed a trend towards improvement in continence in one of three sites. Overall, the trial demonstrated no benefit to regional hypothermia either in our primary or secondary outcomes. It is suggested that surgical technique and prevention of surgical trauma may be more advantageous to improving continence recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Huynh
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Douglas Skarecky
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - James Porter
- Swedish Urology Group, Swedish Medical Center Seattle and Issaquah, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christian Wagner
- Urology Department, St. Antonius-Hospital Gronau GmbH, Westfalen, Germany
| | - Jorn Witt
- Urology Department, St. Antonius-Hospital Gronau GmbH, Westfalen, Germany
| | - Timothy Wilson
- Department of Urology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Clayton Lau
- Department of Urology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Thomas E Ahlering
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA.
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5
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Neuroprotective and Nerve Regenerative Approaches for Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction after Cavernous Nerve Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081794. [PMID: 28820434 PMCID: PMC5578182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a significant cause of reduced quality of life in men and their partners. Cavernous nerve injury (CNI) during pelvic surgery results in ED in greater than 50% of patients, regardless of additional patient factors. ED related to CNI is difficult to treat and typically poorly responsive to first- and second-line therapeutic options. Recently, a significant amount of research has been devoted to exploring neuroprotective and neuroregenerative approaches to salvage erectile function in patients with CNI. In addition, therapeutic options such as neuregulins, immunophilin ligands, gene therapy, stem cell therapy and novel surgical strategies, have shown benefit in pre-clinical, and limited clinical studies. In the era of personalized medicine, these new therapeutic technologies will be the future of ED treatment and are described in this review.
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Porpiglia F, Bertolo R, Fiori C, Manfredi M, De Cillis S, Geuna S. Chitosan membranes applied on the prostatic neurovascular bundles after nerve-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: a phase II study. BJU Int 2017; 121:472-478. [PMID: 28710845 DOI: 10.1111/bju.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility and the safety of applying chitosan membrane (ChiMe) on the neurovascular bundles (NVBs) after nerve-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (NS-RARP). The secondary aim of the study was to report preliminary data and in particular potency recovery data. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a single-centre, single-arm prospective study, enrolling all patients with localised prostate cancer scheduled for RARP with five-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function scores of >17, from July 2015 to September 2016. All patients underwent NS-RARP with ChiMe applied on the NVBs. The demographics, perioperative, postoperative and complications data were evaluated. Potency recovery data were evaluated in particular and any sign/symptom of local allergy/intolerance to the ChiMe was recorded and evaluated. RESULTS In all, 140 patients underwent NS-RARP with ChiMe applied on the NVBs. Applying the ChiMe was easy in almost all the cases, and did not compromise the safety of the procedure. None of the patients reported signs of intolerance/allergy attributable to the ChiMe and potency recovery data were encouraging. CONCLUSION In our experience, ChiMe applied on the NVBs after NS-RARP was feasible and safe, without compromising the duration, difficulty or complication rate of the 'standard' procedure. No patients had signs of intolerance/allergy attributable to the ChiMe and potency recovery data were encouraging. A comparative cohort would have added value to the study. The present paper was performed before Conformité Européene (CE)-mark achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Porpiglia
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bertolo
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristian Fiori
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Manfredi
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Sabrina De Cillis
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Geuna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
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Skarecky D, Yu H, Linehan J, Morales B, Su MY, Fwu P, Ahlering T. Hypothermic Cooling Measured by Thermal Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Feasibility and Implications for Virtual Imaging in the Urogenital Pelvis. Urology 2017; 108:220-224. [PMID: 28733200 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the combination of thermal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and novel hypothermic cooling, via an endorectal cooling balloon (ECB), to assess the effective dispersion and temperature drop in pelvic tissue to potentially reduce inflammatory cascade in surgical applications. METHODS Three male subjects, before undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy, were cooled via an ECB, rendered MRI compatible for patient safety before ECB hypothermia. MRI studies were performed using a 3T scanner and included T2-weighted anatomic scan for the pelvic structures, followed by a temperature mapping scan. The sequence was performed repeatedly during the cooling experiment, whereas the phase data were collected using an integrated MR-high-intensity focused ultrasound workstation in real time. Pelvic cooling was instituted with a cooling console located outside the MRI magnet room. RESULTS The feasibility of pelvic cooling measured a temperature drop of the ECB of 20-25 degrees in real time was achieved after an initial time delay of 10-15 seconds for the ECB to cool. The thermal MRI anatomic images of the prostate and neurovascular bundle demonstrate cooling at this interface to be 10-15 degrees, and also that cooling extends into the prostate itself ~5 degrees, and disperses into the pelvic region as well. CONCLUSION An MRI-compatible ECB coupled with thermal MRI is a feasible method to assess effective hypothermic diffusion and saturation to pelvic structures. By inference, hypothermia-induced rectal cooling could potentially reduce inflammation, scarring, and fistula in radical prostatectomy, as well as other urologic tissue procedures of high-intensity focused ultrasound, external beam radiation therapy, radioactive seed implants, transurethral microwave therapy, and transurethral resection of the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Skarecky
- Department of Urology, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA.
| | - Hon Yu
- Department of Radiology, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA
| | - Jennifer Linehan
- Department of Urology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA
| | - Blanca Morales
- Department of Urology, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA
| | - Min-Ying Su
- Department of Radiology, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA
| | - Peter Fwu
- Department of Radiology, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA
| | - Thomas Ahlering
- Department of Urology, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA
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Harbin AC, Eun DD. Anterior Approach to Robotic Radical Prostatectomy. Prostate Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800077-9.00036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Lin Y, Lin WC, Fwu PT, Shih TC, Yeh LR, Su MY, Chen JH. Investigation of factors affecting hypothermic pelvic tissue cooling using bio-heat simulation based on MRI-segmented anatomic models. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 122:76-88. [PMID: 26198131 PMCID: PMC4549219 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study applied a simulation method to map the temperature distribution based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of individual patients, and investigated the influence of different pelvic tissue types as well as the choice of thermal property parameters on the efficiency of endorectal cooling balloon (ECB). MR images of four subjects with different prostate sizes and pelvic tissue compositions, including fatty tissue and venous plexus, were analyzed. The MR images acquired using endorectal coil provided a realistic geometry of deformed prostate that resembled the anatomy in the presence of ECB. A single slice with the largest two-dimensional (2D) cross-sectional area of the prostate gland was selected for analysis. The rectal wall, prostate gland, peri-rectal fatty tissue, peri-prostatic fatty tissue, peri-prostatic venous plexus, and urinary bladder were manually segmented. Pennes' bioheat thermal model was used to simulate the temperature distribution dynamics, by using an in-house finite element mesh based solver written in MATLAB. The results showed that prostate size and periprostatic venous plexus were two major factors affecting ECB cooling efficiency. For cases with negligible amount of venous plexus and small prostate, the average temperature in the prostate and neurovascular bundles could be cooled down to 25 °C within 30 min. For cases with abundant venous plexus and large prostate, the temperature could not reach 25 °C at the end of 3 h cooling. Large prostate made the cooling difficult to propagate through. The impact of fatty tissue on cooling effect was small. The filling of bladder with warm urine during the ECB cooling procedure did not affect the temperature in the prostate or NVB. In addition to the 2D simulation, in one case a 3D pelvic model was constructed for volumetric simulation. It was found that the 2D slice with the largest cross-sectional area of prostate had the most abundant venous plexus, and was the most difficult slice to cool, thus it may provide a conservative prediction of the cooling effect. This feasibility study demonstrated that the simulation tool could potentially be used for adjusting the setting of ECB for individual patients during hypothermic radical prostatectomy. Further studies using MR thermometry are required to validate the in silico results obtained using simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Lin
- Tu and Yuen Center for Functional Onco-Imaging of Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Wei-Ching Lin
- Department of Radiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Peter T Fwu
- Tu and Yuen Center for Functional Onco-Imaging of Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Tzu-Ching Shih
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Ren Yeh
- Department of Radiology, E-Da Hospital and I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Min-Ying Su
- Tu and Yuen Center for Functional Onco-Imaging of Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jeon-Hor Chen
- Tu and Yuen Center for Functional Onco-Imaging of Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Radiology, E-Da Hospital and I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
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Patel VR, Samavedi S, Bates AS, Kumar A, Coelho R, Rocco B, Palmer K. Dehydrated Human Amnion/Chorion Membrane Allograft Nerve Wrap Around the Prostatic Neurovascular Bundle Accelerates Early Return to Continence and Potency Following Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy: Propensity Score–matched Analysis. Eur Urol 2015; 67:977-980. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Jeong W, Sood A, Ghani KR, Pucheril D, Sammon JD, Gupta NS, Menon M, Peabody JO. Bimanual examination of the retrieved specimen and regional hypothermia during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: a novel technique for reducing positive surgical margin and achieving pelvic cooling. BJU Int 2014; 114:955-7. [DOI: 10.1111/bju.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nilesh S. Gupta
- Department of Pathology; Henry Ford Health System; Detroit MI USA
| | - Mani Menon
- Vattikuti Urology Institute; Detroit MI USA
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Liss MA, Morales B, Skarecky D, Ahlering TE. Phase 1 Clinical Trial of Vesicare™ (Solifenacin) in the Treatment of Urinary Incontinence After Radical Prostatectomy. J Endourol 2014; 28:1241-5. [DOI: 10.1089/end.2014.0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Liss
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Blanca Morales
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Douglas Skarecky
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Thomas E. Ahlering
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
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13
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Ahlering TE, Skarecky DW. Preserving sexual function after robotic radical prostatectomy: avoiding thermal energy near nerves. BJU Int 2014; 114:131-2. [PMID: 25101358 DOI: 10.1111/bju.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Isgoren AE, Saitz TR, Serefoglu EC. Erectile Function Outcomes after Robot‐Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: Is It Superior to Open Retropubic or Laparoscopic Approach? Sex Med Rev 2014; 2:10-23. [DOI: 10.1002/smrj.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Preservation of postoperative urinary continence remains the primary concern of all men and their surgeons following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Without doubt, continence is the most important quality of life issue following radical prostatectomy. Identification of difficulties and lessons learned over time has helped focus efforts in order to improve urinary quality of life and continence. This review will examine definitions of continence and urinary quality of life evaluation, technical aspects and the impact of patient-related factors affecting time to and overall continence.
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Robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy after the first decade: surgical evolution or new paradigm. ISRN UROLOGY 2013; 2013:157379. [PMID: 23691367 PMCID: PMC3649202 DOI: 10.1155/2013/157379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Early studies indicate that robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) has promising short-term outcomes; however, RARP is beyond its infancy, and the long-term report cards are now beginning. The important paradigm shift introduced by RARP is the reevaluation of the entire open radical prostatectomy experience in surgical technique by minimizing blood loss and complications, maximizing cancer free outcomes, and a renewed assault in preserving quality of life outcomes by many novel mechanisms. RARP provides a new technical “canvas” for surgical masters to create upon, and in ten years, has reinvigorated a 100-year-old “gold standard” surgery.
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Kaiho Y, Yamashita S, Arai Y. Optimization of sexual function outcome after radical prostatectomy using phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. Int J Urol 2013; 20:285-9. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kaiho
- Department of Urology; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai; Japan
| | - Shinichi Yamashita
- Department of Urology; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai; Japan
| | - Yoichi Arai
- Department of Urology; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai; Japan
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Liss MA, Skarecky D, Morales B, Ahlering TE. The application of regional hypothermia using transrectal cooling during radical prostatectomy: mitigation of surgical inflammatory damage to preserve continence. J Endourol 2012; 26:1553-7. [PMID: 23153199 DOI: 10.1089/end.2012.0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Preservation of continence and sexual function continues to be a formidable quality-of-life issue regarding outcomes after radical prostatectomy. There is little argument that physical preservation of the nerves and sphincters is a critical component to achieving success in these domains. Previously demonstrated factors such as advancing age, deteriorating physical health status, and subnormal baseline potency negatively impact outcomes. Our hypothesis, however, has been that inflammatory response to surgery has a large impact on surgical outcomes of prostatectomy. Trauma-induced inflammation could account for variation in recovery despite nearly identical surgery on many patients, especially in high-volume surgeons. In other words, we suggest and maintain that younger and healthier patients tolerate and/or recover better from the trauma/inflammation of surgery. Those who do not recover as well may have altered inflammatory response to injury. A common response to decrease inflammation in response to physical injury would be as simple as to cool the injury with ice. Previous neurologic studies have suggested that using ice during surgical intervention can reduce the inflammatory damage. Therefore, we applied this concept that preemptive hypothermia could reduce inflammation to the robot-assisted prostatectomy procedure to potentially lead to improved continence and potency outcomes. In 2009, we introduced the concept of regional hypothermia via an endorectal cooling balloon during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). We have published our single institution data demonstrating a significant reduction of overall incontinence. Defining continence as zero-pads, our overall 1-year incontinence has been reduced by 70% (from 13% to 4%). Severe incontinence, defined as two or more pads, was likewise reduced by 70% (from 2.9% to 0.9%). Regional hypothermia used during the time of surgery represents a novel strategy for minimizing inflammation and subsequent muscle and nerve damage in RARP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Liss
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA.
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19
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Patel VR, Abdul-Muhsin HM, Schatloff O, Coelho RF, Valero R, Ko YH, Sivaraman A, Palmer KJ, Chauhan S. Critical review of 'pentafecta' outcomes after robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy in high-volume centres. BJU Int 2011; 108:1007-17. [PMID: 21917104 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2011.10521.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
• Historically, the ideal outcome of radical prostatectomy (RP) has been measured by achievement of the so-called 'trifecta', or the concurrent attainment of continence and potency with no evidence of biochemical recurrence. However, in the PSA era, younger and healthier men are more frequently diagnosed with prostate cancer. Such patients have higher expectations from the advanced minimally invasive surgical technologies. Mere trifecta is no longer an ideal outcome measure to meet the demands of such patients. • Keeping the limitations of trifecta in mind, we have earlier proposed a new method of outcomes analysis, called the 'pentafecta', which adds early complications and positive surgical margins (PSMs) to trifecta. • We performed a Medline search for articles reporting the complications, PSM rates, continence, potency and biochemical recurrence after robot-assisted RP. Related articles were selected and individual outcomes were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul R Patel
- Global Robotics Institute, Florida Hospital Celebration Health, University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Celebration, FL 34747, USA. Vipul.patel.md@fl hosp.org
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20
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Abstract
Controlled tissue cooling, or hypothermia, has been used therapeutically for decades to mitigate the negative effects of traumatic, ischemic, and surgical insults. When applied systemically, moderate hypothermia can attenuate or prevent the extent of neurologic sequelae. Localized hypothermia, on the other hand, has the capacity to reduce tissue edema, suppress inflammation, and minimize the severity of peripheral nerve injury. Therapeutic hypothermia has been used in critical care, neurosurgery, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, cardiothoracic surgery and most recently in urology. Nerve injury during radical pelvic surgery can result in urinary incontinence or retention, impotence and bowel dysfunction. Localized hypothermia during radical prostatectomy has demonstrated improved recovery of urinary continence and erectile function, and similar benefits might be observed in other types of radical pelvic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Finley
- Institute of Urologic Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Boulevard, Suite 1050, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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