1
|
Gunell M, Aulu L, Jalava J, Lukinmaa-Åberg S, Osterblad M, Ollgren J, Huovinen P, Siitonen A, Hakanen AJ. Cefotaxime-resistant Salmonella enterica in travelers returning from Thailand to Finland. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 20:1214-7. [PMID: 24960266 PMCID: PMC4073843 DOI: 10.3201/eid2007.131744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During 1993–2011, cefotaxime resistance among Salmonella enterica isolates from patients in Finland increased substantially. Most of these infections originated in Thailand; many were qnr positive and belonged to S. enterica serovar Typhimurium and S. enterica monophasic serovar 4,[5],12:i:-. Although cefotaxime-resistant salmonellae mainly originate in discrete geographic areas, they represent a global threat.
Collapse
|
2
|
Camarda A, Pupillo A, Pugliese N, Circella E, Dionisi AM, Ricci A, Pazzani C. Phenotypic and genetic traits of Salmonella enterica subsp. serovar Typhimurium strains causing salmonellosis foci in rabbit farms from Southern Italy in 1999-2003. Res Vet Sci 2012. [PMID: 23178046 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we characterised the Salmonella Typhimurium strains responsible for four outbreaks which occurred in distinct rabbit farms (Southern Italy) from 1999 to 2003. Strains were typed by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and the genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance was established. A major group of clonally related isolates, pulsotype STYMXB.0061, accounted for three of the salmonellosis foci. Strains were resistant to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ampicillin and sulphonamides encoded respectively by the aadA2, floR, tetG, blaPSE-1, sul1 gene cluster harboured by a Salmonella Genomic Island 1. The clonally related group of isolates included strains phage type DT104, DT12 or undefined type (NT). The fourth salmonellosis focus was caused by a strain pulsotype STYMXB.0147, resistant to sulphonamides (encoded by sul2) and phage type U302. Results provided first molecular characterisation of S. Typhimurium strains isolated from rabbit farms in Italy and highlighted the presence of the pulsotype STYMXB.0061 even before its wide detection among human clinical isolates collected in Italy in the mid 2000s from clinical cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Camarda
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Zootecnica, Università di Bari, strada provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano-Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zou M, Keelara S, Thakur S. Molecular Characterization ofSalmonella entericaSerotype Enteritidis Isolates from Humans by Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Genes, and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2012; 9:232-8. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2011.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shivaramu Keelara
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Siddhartha Thakur
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sihvonen LM, Toivonen S, Haukka K, Kuusi M, Skurnik M, Siitonen A. Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in discrimination of sporadic and outbreak-related strains of Yersinia enterocolitica. BMC Microbiol 2011; 11:42. [PMID: 21349206 PMCID: PMC3053224 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-11-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed the potential of multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing for discriminating 104 sporadic and outbreak-related Yersinia enterocolitica (YE) bio/serotype 3-4/O:3 and 2/O:9 isolates. MLVA using six VNTR markers was performed in two separate multiplex PCRs, and the fluorescently labeled PCR products were accurately sized on an automated DNA sequencer. RESULTS MLVA discriminated 82 sporadic YE 3-4/O:3 and 2/O:9 strains into 77 types, whereas PFGE with the restriction enzyme NotI discriminated the strains into 23 different PFGE pulsotypes. The discriminatory index for a sporadic strain was 0.862 for PFGE and 0.999 for MLVA. MLVA confirmed that a foodborne outbreak in the city of Kotka, Finland in 2003 had been caused by a multiresistant YE 4/O:3 strain that was distinctly different from those of epidemiologically unrelated strains with an identical PFGE pulsotype. The multiresistance of Y. enterocolitica strains (19% of the sporadic strains) correlated significantly (p = 0.002) with travel abroad. All of the multiresistant Y. enterocolitica strains belonged to four PFGE pulsotypes that did not contain any susceptible strains. Resistance to nalidixic acid was related to changes in codons 83 or 87 that stemmed from mutations in the gyrA gene. The conjugation experiments demonstrated that resistance to CHL, STR, and SUL was carried by a conjugative plasmid. CONCLUSIONS MLVA using six loci had better discriminatory power than PFGE with the NotI enzyme. MLVA was also a less labor-intensive method than PFGE and the results were easier to analyze. The conjugation experiments demonstrated that a resistance plasmid can easily be transferred between Y. enterocolitica strains. Antimicrobial multiresistance of Y. enterocolitica strains was significantly associated with travel abroad.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila M Sihvonen
- Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Bacteriology Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| | - Susanna Toivonen
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Kaisa Haukka
- Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Bacteriology Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| | - Markku Kuusi
- Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Epidemiological Surveillance and Response Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| | - Mikael Skurnik
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Helsinki University Central Hospital Laboratory Diagnostics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anja Siitonen
- Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Bacteriology Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Soyer Y, Alcaine SD, Schoonmaker-Bopp DJ, Root TP, Warnick LD, McDonough PL, Dumas NB, Gröhn YT, Wiedmann M. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis diversity of human and bovine clinical Salmonella isolates. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010; 7:707-17. [PMID: 20180633 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2009.0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) characterization of 335 temporally and spatially matched clinical, bovine, and human Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates revealed 167 XbaI PFGE patterns. These isolates were previously classified into 51 serotypes and 73 sequence types, as determined by multilocus sequence typing. Discriminatory power of PFGE (Simpson's index, D = 0.991) was considerably higher than that of multilocus sequence typing (D = 0.920) or serotyping (D = 0.913). Although 128 PFGE types each only represented a single isolate, 8 PFGE types represented >4 isolates, including (i) three serotype Enteritidis and Heidelberg patterns that were only identified among human isolates, (ii) two PFGE patterns (each representing serotypes Bardo and Newport) that were significantly more common among bovine isolates as compared with human isolates; (iii) two PFGE types that each includes two serotypes (4,5,12:i:- and Typhimurium; Thompson and 1,7:-:1,5); and (iv) one PFGE type that includes eight Typhimurium isolates from humans and cattle. Characterization of isolates collected over multiple farm visits indicated that given specific PFGE types persisted over time on 11 farms. On an additional seven farms, isolates with a given sequence type represented multiple PFGE type, which typically only differed by <3 bands, suggesting PFGE type diversification during strain persistence. Sixteen PFGE types were isolated from 2 or more farms, including two widely distributed serotype Newport-associated PFGE types each found on 10 farms. In six instances two or three human isolates collected in the same county in the same or consecutive months represented the same subtypes, suggesting small human case clusters. PFGE-based characterization and surveillance of human and animal isolates can provide improved understanding of Salmonella diversity and epidemiology, including identification of possible host-associated and common, widely distributed PFGE types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeşim Soyer
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
In vitro activity of azithromycin against nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:3498-501. [PMID: 20498312 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01678-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro activity of azithromycin against 1,237 nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica isolates collected from Finnish patients between 2003 and 2008 was investigated. Only 24 (1.9%) of the isolates tested and 15 (5.1%) of the 294 isolates with reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility had azithromycin MICs of >or=32 microg/ml. These data show that azithromycin has good in vitro activity against nontyphoidal S. enterica, and thus, it may be a good candidate for clinical treatment studies of salmonellosis.
Collapse
|
7
|
Evidence for a second genomic island conferring multidrug resistance in a clonal group of strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and its monophasic variant circulating in Italy, Denmark, and the United Kingdom. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:2103-9. [PMID: 20410351 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01371-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During the 2000s, a new clonal group with resistances to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline (ASSuT) emerged in Italy among strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and its monophasic variant, Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:-. The PulseNet Europe database allowed us to identify ASSuT strains of both S. Typhimurium and its monophasic variant, isolated in Denmark and the United Kingdom, with the same or very closely related pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns as the Italian strains, suggesting that the ASSuT clonal group is circulating in different European countries. With the aim of analyzing the molecular basis of antibiotic resistance, resistance genes were identified and their localization was investigated in 66 ASSuT strains and, as controls, in 11 strains with different resistance patterns and PFGE profiles, belonging both to S. Typhimurium and to its monophasic variant, isolated from humans in Italy, Denmark, and the United Kingdom. All the ASSuT strains were positive for the following resistance genes: bla(TEM-1), strA-strB, sul2, and tet(B). A localization experiment demonstrated that the ASSuT resistance genes are chromosomally located. This study confirms that a multidrug-resistant clonal group, ASSuT, of S. Typhimurium and its monophasic variant has emerged and is circulating in Italy, Denmark, and the United Kingdom. Moreover, the results of this work demonstrate that the multidrug resistance in this clonal group of Salmonella strains is conferred by a new genomic island.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kauko T, Haukka K, Abuoun M, Anjum MF, Woodward MJ, Siitonen A. Phenotype MicroArray in the metabolic characterisation of Salmonella serotypes Agona, Enteritidis, Give, Hvittingfoss, Infantis, Newport and Typhimurium. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2010; 29:311-7. [PMID: 20094898 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-009-0859-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Phenotype MicroArray (PM) technology was used to study the metabolic characteristics of 29 Salmonella strains belonging to seven serotypes of S. enterica spp. enterica. Strains of serotypes Typhimurium (six strains among definite phage types DTs 1, 40 and 104) and Agona (two strains) were tested for 949 substrates, Enteritidis (six strains of phage type PT1), Give, Hvittingfoss, Infantis and Newport strains (two of each) were tested for 190 substrates and seven other Agona strains for 95 substrates. The strains represented 18 genotypes in pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Among 949 substrates, 18 were identified that could be used to differentiate between the strains of those seven serotypes or within a single serotype. Unique metabolic differences between the Finnish endemic Typhimurium DT1 and Agona strains were detected, for example, in the metabolism of D-tagatose, D-galactonic acid gamma-lactone and L-proline as a carbon source. Thus, the PM technique is a useful tool for identifying potential differential markers on a metabolic basis that could be used for epidemiological surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Kauko
- Bacteriology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lindgren MM, Kotilainen P, Huovinen P, Hurme S, Lukinmaa S, Webber MA, Piddock LJV, Siitonen A, Hakanen AJ. Reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility in Salmonella enterica isolates from travelers, Finland. Emerg Infect Dis 2009; 15:809-12. [PMID: 19402977 PMCID: PMC2687029 DOI: 10.3201/eid1505.080849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the fluoroquinolone susceptibility of 499 Salmonella enterica isolates collected from travelers returning to Finland during 2003–2007. Among isolates from travelers to Thailand and Malaysia, reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility decreased from 65% to 22% (p = 0.002). All isolates showing nonclassical quinolone resistance were from travelers to these 2 countries.
Collapse
|
10
|
Pan Z, Carter B, Núñez-García J, AbuOun M, Fookes M, Ivens A, Woodward MJ, Anjum MF. Identification of genetic and phenotypic differences associated with prevalent and non-prevalent Salmonella Enteritidis phage types: analysis of variation in amino acid transport. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2009; 155:3200-3213. [PMID: 19574306 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.029405-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, differences at the genetic level of 37 Salmonella Enteritidis strains from five phage types (PTs) were compared using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to assess differences between PTs. There were approximately 400 genes that differentiated prevalent (4, 6, 8 and 13a) and sporadic (11) PTs, of which 35 were unique to prevalent PTs, including six plasmid-borne genes, pefA, B, C, D, srgC and rck, and four chromosomal genes encoding putative amino acid transporters. Phenotype array studies also demonstrated that strains from prevalent PTs were less susceptible to urea stress and utilized l-histidine, l-glutamine, l-proline, l-aspartic acid, gly-asn and gly-gln more efficiently than PT11 strains. Complementation of a PT11 strain with the transporter genes from PT4 resulted in a significant increase in utilization of the amino acids and reduced susceptibility to urea stress. In epithelial cell association assays, PT11 strains were less invasive than other prevalent PTs. Most strains from prevalent PTs were better biofilm formers at 37 degrees C than at 28 degrees C, whilst the converse was true for PT11 strains. Collectively, the results indicate that genetic and corresponding phenotypic differences exist between strains of the prevalent PTs 4, 6, 8 and 13a and non-prevalent PT11 strains that are likely to provide a selective advantage for strains from the former PTs and could help them to enter the food chain and cause salmonellosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhensheng Pan
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK.,Department of Food and Environmental Safety, Veterinary Laboratories Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Ben Carter
- Department of Food and Environmental Safety, Veterinary Laboratories Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Javier Núñez-García
- Department of Food and Environmental Safety, Veterinary Laboratories Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Manal AbuOun
- Department of Food and Environmental Safety, Veterinary Laboratories Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - María Fookes
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Al Ivens
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Martin J Woodward
- Department of Food and Environmental Safety, Veterinary Laboratories Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Muna F Anjum
- Department of Food and Environmental Safety, Veterinary Laboratories Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dionisi AM, Graziani C, Lucarelli C, Filetici E, Villa L, Owczarek S, Caprioli A, Luzzi I. Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Strains ofSalmonella entericaSerotype Typhimurium and Monophasic Variant (S.4,[5],12:i:–) Isolated from Human Infections in Italy. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2009; 6:711-7. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2008.0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Dionisi
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Graziani
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Lucarelli
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Emma Filetici
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Villa
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Slawomir Owczarek
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Caprioli
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ida Luzzi
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Foodborne diseases due to well-recognized pathogens have emerged as an important and growing public health problem with a significant impact on health. Molecular methods for subtyping these microorganisms have become a valid adjunct to the traditional techniques employed in most laboratories. One such molecular technique for the detection and identification of food pathogens is pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). This method separates large DNA molecules by the use of an alternating electrical field, such that greater size resolution can be obtained when compared to normal agarose gel electrophoresis. PFGE is often employed to track pathogens, such as Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli (including O157), Campylobacter, and Listeria species through the food chain. The contour-clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) PFGE system is considered to be the gold standard for use in epidemiological studies of these organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tansy M Peters
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Carrique-Mas JJ, Papadopoulou C, Evans SJ, Wales A, Teale CJ, Davies RH. Trends in phage types and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolated from animals in Great Britain from 1990 to 2005. Vet Rec 2008; 162:541-6. [PMID: 18441349 DOI: 10.1136/vr.162.17.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Surveillance data for Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis incidents and isolations from food animals in Great Britain from 1990 to 2005 were analysed to detect any trends and provide the basis for a comparison between phage types (pt) and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns in human beings and animals. During 2001 to 2005 there was a decrease in incidents involving most species except ducks. Only the numbers of incidents involving pts 6, 6a, 9b and 14b (in ducks) and pts 6a and 13a (in mammals) increased significantly during this period, whereas there were 93 per cent fewer incidents involving pt 4 than in 1990 to 2000. After adjustment for pt, the isolates from ducks were more resistant to nalidixic acid, tetracyclines and sulfonamides, and were more likely to be multiresistant than isolates from chickens. Isolates from turkeys tended to be more resistant to sulfonamides than isolates from chickens. pts 1, 5a, 6, 6a and 35 had the highest level of resistance after adjusting for species. During 2001 to 2005 there was an increase in resistance among pts 1, 6 and 7, in most cases involving nalidixic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Carrique-Mas
- Department of Food and Environmental Safety, Veterinary Laboratories Agency - Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kim SH, Kim S, Chun SG, Park MS, Park JH, Lee BK. Phage types and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolated from humans and chickens. J Microbiol 2008; 46:209-13. [PMID: 18545971 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-007-0197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed 66 Salmonella Enteritidis isolates in 2002. Thirty isolates were obtained from human patients with diarrhea, and 36 were obtained from chickens. A total of ten phage types (PT) were identified in the human and chicken isolates. PT1 and PT21 were the predominant PTs in both the human (20% and 13%) and chicken (17% and 47%) isolates. Twelve pulsotypes were generated by PFGE and divided into two major groups. Most of the PFGE types were categorized into cluster group 1. Eighteen chicken isolates in cluster group 1 showed high-level genetic association (>95%) with 22 other human isolates. Additionally, six chicken isolates from cluster group 2 showed fairly high-level genetic association (>95%) with the other seven human isolates. The highest levels of genetic association in humans and chickens were seen with A5-PT21 (11 isolates), A2-PT1 (7 isolates), and B1-PT4 (6 isolates). The Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and phage typing provided conclusive evidence that human Salmonella infections are attributable to the consumption of contaminated chicken.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hun Kim
- Division of Enteric Bacterial Infections, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Seoul 122-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mannion C, Egan J, Lynch BP, Fanning S, Leonard N. An Investigation into the Efficacy of Washing Trucks Following the Transportation of Pigs—ASalmonellaPerspective. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2008; 5:261-71. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2007.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Celine Mannion
- School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, UCD Veterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Egan
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Backweston, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Brendan P. Lynch
- Pig Production Department, Moorepark Research Centre, Teagasc, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Seamus Fanning
- Centre for Food Safety, UCD Veterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nola Leonard
- School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, UCD Veterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Spiliopoulou I, Zografou S, Goula A, Dimitracopoulos G, Christofidou M. Molecular Epidemiology and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Salmonella enterica from Southwestern Greece. Chemotherapy 2007; 53:392-6. [DOI: 10.1159/000109768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2006] [Accepted: 07/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
17
|
Peters TM, Berghold C, Brown D, Coia J, Dionisi AM, Echeita A, Fisher IST, Gatto AJ, Gill N, Green J, Gerner-Smidt P, Heck M, Lederer I, Lukinmaa S, Luzzi I, Maguire C, Prager R, Usera M, Siitonen A, Threlfall EJ, Torpdahl M, Tschäpe H, Wannet W, Zwaluw WKVD. Relationship of pulsed-field profiles with key phage types of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis in Europe: results of an international multi-centre study. Epidemiol Infect 2007; 135:1274-81. [PMID: 17306053 PMCID: PMC2870705 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268807008102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is one of the most common causes of foodborne infection in Europe with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) being the most commonly identified serovar. The predominant phage type for S. Enteritidis is phage type (PT) 4, although PT 8 has increased in incidence. Within these phage types, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) provides a method of further subdivision. The international project, Salm-gene, was established in 2001 to develop a database of PFGE profiles within nine European countries and to establish criteria for real-time pattern recognition. It uses DNA fingerprints of salmonellas to investigate outbreaks and to evaluate trends and emerging issues of foodborne infection within Europe. The Salm-gene database contains details of about 11 700 S. Enteritidis isolates, demonstrating more than 65 unique PFGE profiles. The clonal nature of S. Enteritidis is evidenced by the high similarity and distribution of PFGE profiles. Over 56% (6603/11 716) of the submitted isolates of several different phage types were profile SENTXB.0001, although this profile is most closely associated with PT 4. The next most common profiles, SENTXB.0002 and SENTXB.0005, were closely associated with PT 8 and PT 21 respectively. Studies to investigate the relationship of profile types with outbreaks and possible vehicles of infection suggest that the incidence of PFGE profile SENTXB.0002, and thus PT 8, in some countries may be due to importation of foods or food production animals from Eastern Europe, where PT 8 is amongst the most frequently identified phage types. Collation of subtyping data, especially in the commonly recognized phage types, is necessary in order to evaluate trends and emerging issues in salmonella infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T M Peters
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|