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Quaresma LS, Santos RCV, Gomes GC, Américo MF, Campos GM, Laguna JG, Barroso FAL, Azevedo V, de Jesus LCL. Multidrug resistance profile in Lactobacillus delbrueckii: a food industry species with probiotic properties. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:235. [PMID: 38850338 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Lactobacillus delbrueckii, a widely used lactic acid bacterium in the food industry, has been studied for its probiotic properties and reservoir of antibiotic-resistant genes, raising safety concerns for probiotic formulations and fermented products. This review consolidates findings from 60 articles published between 2012 and 2023, focusing on the global antibiotic resistance profile and associated genetic factors in L. delbrueckii strains. Resistance to aminoglycosides, particularly streptomycin, kanamycin, and gentamicin, as well as resistance to glycopeptides (vancomycin), fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin), and tetracyclines was predominant. Notably, although resistance genes have been identified, they have not been linked to mobile genetic elements, reducing the risk of dissemination. However, a significant limitation is the insufficient exploration of responsible genes or mobile elements in 80% of studies, hindering safety assessments. Additionally, most articles originated from Asian and Middle Eastern countries, with strains often isolated from fermented dairy foods. Therefore, these findings underscore the necessity for comprehensive analyses of new strains of L. delbrueckii for potential industrial and biotherapeutic applications and in combating the rise of antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Silva Quaresma
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Camargos Gomes
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Monique Ferrary Américo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Munis Campos
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Juliana Guimarães Laguna
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Vasco Azevedo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Luís Cláudio Lima de Jesus
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil.
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Zhou Y, Liu X, Chen H, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Yang B. Isolation and Characterisation of Streptococcus spp. with Human Milk Oligosaccharides Utilization Capacity from Human Milk. Foods 2024; 13:1291. [PMID: 38731662 PMCID: PMC11083076 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) that promote the growth of beneficial gut microbes in infants are abundant in human milk. Streptococcus, one of the dominant genera in human milk microbiota, is also highly prevalent in the infant gut microbiota, possibly due to its adeptness at utilizing HMOs. While previous studies have mainly focused on HMO interactions with gut bacteria like Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides spp., the interaction with Streptococcus spp. has not been fully explored. In this study, Streptococcus spp. was isolated from human milk and identified to exhibit extensive capabilities in utilizing HMOs. Their consumption rates of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL), and lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) closely matched those of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697. Furthermore, we assessed the safety-related genes in the genomes of the Streptococcus species capable of utilizing HMOs, revealing potential virulence and resistance genes. In addition, no haemolytic activity was observed. These findings expand the knowledge of metabolic interactions and networks within the microbiota of human milk and the early life human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.C.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.C.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.C.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.C.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.C.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.C.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.C.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics & Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Tran HM, Prathan R, Hein ST, Chuanchuen R. Microbiological Quality and Antimicrobial Resistance of Commercial Probiotic Products for Food-Producing Animals. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:148. [PMID: 38391534 PMCID: PMC10885956 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been popularly used in livestock production as an alternative to antibiotics. This study aimed to investigate the microbiological quality and phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance of bacteria in probiotic products sold for food animals. A total of 45 probiotic products were examined for the number of viable cells, species, and antimicrobial susceptibility; the contamination of Escherichia coli and Salmonella; and the presence of 112 genes encoding resistance to clinically important antimicrobials and transferability of AMR determinants. The results showed that 29 of 45 products (64.4%) were incorrectly labeled in either number of viable cells or bacterial species. None of the tested products were contaminated with E. coli and Salmonella. A total of 33 out of 64 bacterial isolates (51.6%) exhibited resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent. Of the 45 products tested, 16 (35.5%) carried AMR genes. Almost all AMR genes detected in probiotic products were not correlated to the AMR phenotype of probiotic strains formulated in the products. Three streptomycin-resistant Lactobacillus isolates could horizontally transfer their AMR determinants. The findings demonstrated that the probiotic products could serve as reservoirs for the spread of AMR genes and may not yield benefits to animals as claimed. The need for the adequate quality control of probiotic products is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang My Tran
- The International Graduate Course of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Rangsiya Prathan
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring in Foodborne Pathogens (in Cooperation with WHO), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Si Thu Hein
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring in Foodborne Pathogens (in Cooperation with WHO), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Rungtip Chuanchuen
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring in Foodborne Pathogens (in Cooperation with WHO), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Elcheninov AG, Zayulina KS, Klyukina AA, Kremneva MK, Kublanov IV, Kochetkova TV. Metagenomic Insights into the Taxonomic and Functional Features of Traditional Fermented Milk Products from Russia. Microorganisms 2023; 12:16. [PMID: 38276185 PMCID: PMC10819033 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Fermented milk products (FMPs) contain probiotics that are live bacteria considered to be beneficial to human health due to the production of various bioactive molecules. In this study, nine artisanal FMPs (kefir, ayran, khurunga, shubat, two cottage cheeses, bryndza, khuruud and suluguni-like cheese) from different regions of Russia were characterized using metagenomics. A metagenomic sequencing of ayran, khurunga, shubat, khuruud and suluguni-like cheese was performed for the first time. The taxonomic profiling of metagenomic reads revealed that Lactococcus species, such as Lc. lactis and Lc. cremoris prevailed in khuruud, bryndza, one sample of cottage cheese and khurunga. The latter one together with suluguni-like cheese microbiome was dominated by bacteria, affiliated to Lactobacillus helveticus (32-35%). In addition, a high proportion of sequences belonging to the genera Lactobacillus, Lactococcus and Streptococcus but not classified at the species level were found in the suluguni-like cheese. Lactobacillus delbrueckii, as well as Streptococcus thermophilus constituted the majority in another cottage cheese, kefir and ayran metagenomes. The microbiome of shubat, produced from camel's milk, was significantly distinctive, and Lentilactobacillus kefiri, Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens and Bifidobacterium mongoliense represented the dominant components (42, 7.4 and 5.6%, respectively). In total, 78 metagenome-assembled genomes with a completeness ≥ 50.2% and a contamination ≤ 8.5% were recovered: 61 genomes were assigned to the Enterococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae and Streptococcaceae families (the Lactobacillales order within Firmicutes), 4 to Bifidobacteriaceae (the Actinobacteriota phylum) and 2 to Acetobacteraceae (the Proteobacteria phylum). A metagenomic analysis revealed numerous genes, from 161 to 1301 in different products, encoding glycoside hydrolases and glycosyltransferases predicted to participate in lactose, alpha-glucans and peptidoglycan hydrolysis as well as exopolysaccharides synthesis. A large number of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters, such as lanthipeptides, unclassified bacteriocins, nonribosomal peptides and polyketide synthases were also detected. Finally, the genes involved in the synthesis of bioactive compounds like β-lactones, terpenes and furans, nontypical for fermented milk products, were also found. The metagenomes of kefir, ayran and shubat was shown to contain either no or a very low count of antibiotic resistance genes. Altogether, our results show that traditional indigenous fermented products are a promising source of novel probiotic bacteria with beneficial properties for medical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Elcheninov
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia; (K.S.Z.); (A.A.K.); (I.V.K.); (T.V.K.)
| | - Kseniya S. Zayulina
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia; (K.S.Z.); (A.A.K.); (I.V.K.); (T.V.K.)
| | - Alexandra A. Klyukina
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia; (K.S.Z.); (A.A.K.); (I.V.K.); (T.V.K.)
| | - Mariia K. Kremneva
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia;
| | - Ilya V. Kublanov
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia; (K.S.Z.); (A.A.K.); (I.V.K.); (T.V.K.)
| | - Tatiana V. Kochetkova
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia; (K.S.Z.); (A.A.K.); (I.V.K.); (T.V.K.)
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Andrade-Velásquez A, Hernández Sánchez H, Dorantes-Álvarez L, Palmeros-Sánchez B, Torres-Moreno R, Hernández-Rodríguez D, Melgar-Lalanne G. Honey characterization and identification of fructophilic lactic acid bacteria of fresh samples from Melipona beecheii, Scaptotrigona pectoralis, Plebeia llorentei, and Plebeia jatiformis hives. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2023.1113920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Stingless bees are essential to preser tropical ecosystems. They pollinate native flora, producing honey with properties for traditional health uses. Lactic acid bacteria spontaneously ferment honey in stingless bee honey (SBH). This study aims to determine the main physicochemical characteristics of Melipona beecheii, Scraptotrigona pectoralis, Plebeia jatiformis and Plebeia llorentei honey and to isolate and identify FLAB present in SBH samples. The physicochemical properties of SBH, such as color, pH, acidity, sugars, protein, total soluble solids, water activity, total polyphenols, and antioxidant activity, were determined since these parameters can be related to the presence of some bacteria groups, and with health benefits for humans and the hive ecosystems. FLAB harvested from honey, taken directly from storing pots of the hives, were identified by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and preserved for future biotechnological use due to their resistance to non-ionic osmotic stress. The results showed significant differences in the physicochemical characteristics of SBH samples. Seven FLAB from four stingless bee species were identified as Fructobacillus pseudoficulneus and F. tropaeoli. In addition, three other strains of Fructilactobacillus spp. were identified only at the genus level. All species showed the ability to grow under different carbon sources, resulting in negative hemolysis and sensitivity to cefuroxime, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the physicochemical and FLAB characterization of SBH from P. jatiformis and P. llorentei has been reported. Therefore, the future following research should be focused on the environmental, health and food biotechnological applications implications of FLAB from SBH.
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Radovanovic M, Kekic D, Gajic I, Kabic J, Jovicevic M, Kekic N, Opavski N, Ranin L. Potential influence of antimicrobial resistance gene content in probiotic bacteria on the gut resistome ecosystems. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1054555. [PMID: 36819705 PMCID: PMC9928729 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1054555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a substantial threat to human health. The commensal bacteria of the gut microbiome were shown to serve as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), termed the gut resistome, which has the potential to transfer horizontally to pathogens and contribute to the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. Namely, AMR traits are generally linked with mobile genetic elements (MGEs), which apart from disseminating vertically to the progeny, may cross horizontally to the distantly related microbial species. On the other hand, while probiotics are generally considered beneficiary to human health, and are therefore widely consumed in recent years most commonly in conjunction with antibiotics, the complexities and extent of their impact on the gut microbiome and resistome have not been elucidated. By reviewing the latest studies on ARG containing commercial probiotic products and common probiotic supplement species with their actual effects on the human gut resistome, this study aims to demonstrate that their contribution to the spread of ARGs along the GI tract merits additional attention, but also indicates the changes in sampling and profiling of the gut microbiome which may allow for the more comprehensive studying of the effects of probiotics in this part of the resistome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Radovanovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusan Kekic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,*Correspondence: Dusan Kekic,
| | - Ina Gajic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Kabic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milos Jovicevic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natalija Kekic
- Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Opavski
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lazar Ranin
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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He J, Zhang Y, Li H, Xie Y, Huang G, Peng C, Zhao P, Wang Z. Hybridization alters the gut microbial and metabolic profile concurrent with modifying intestinal functions in Tunchang pigs. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1159653. [PMID: 37152756 PMCID: PMC10157192 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1159653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hybridization has been widely used among Chinese wild boars to improve their growth performance and maintain meat quality. Most studies have focused on the genetic basis for such variation. However, the differences in the gut environment between hybrid and purebred boars, which can have significant impacts on their health and productivity, have been poorly understood. Methods In the current study, metagenomics was used to detect the gut microbial diversity and composition in hybrid Batun (BT, Berkshire × Tunchang) pigs and purebred Tunchang (TC) pigs. Additionally, untargeted metabolomic analysis was used to detect differences in gut metabolic pathways. Furthermore, multiple molecular experiments were conducted to demonstrate differences in intestinal functions. Results As a result of hybridization in TC pigs, a microbial change was observed, especially in Prevotella and Lactobacillus. Significant differences were found in gut metabolites, including fatty acyls, steroids, and steroid derivatives. Furthermore, the function of the intestinal barrier was decreased by hybridization, while the function of nutrient metabolism was increased. Discussion Evidences were shown that hybridization changed the gut microbiome, gut metabolome, and intestinal functions of TC pigs. These findings supported our hypothesis that hybridization altered the gut microbial composition, thereby modifying the intestinal functions, even the host phenotypes. Overall, our study highlights the importance of considering the gut microbiome as a key factor in the evaluation of animal health and productivity, particularly in the context of genetic selection and breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi He
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunchao Zhang
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Long Jian Animal Husbandry Company, Haikou, China
| | - Yanshe Xie
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guiqing Huang
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Peng
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengju Zhao
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Pengju Zhao,
| | - Zhengguang Wang
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhengguang Wang,
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Ojha AK, Shah NP, Mishra V. Characterization and Transferability of erm and tet Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Lactobacillus spp. Isolated from Traditional Fermented Milk. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:339. [PMID: 36209320 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02980-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus is a widely used bacteria and consumed through various fermented foods and beverages. Strains have been shown to carry resistance genes and mobile genetic elements with their ability to transfer the resistance to sensitive pathogenic strains. To study this, 4 cultures of Lactobacillus were isolated from traditional fermented milk. The isolates were able to grow up to 4% (w/v) NaCl concentration and 45 °C temperature, and showed > 97% 16S rRNA gene similarities with Lactobacillus fermentum. All the isolates were phenotypically screened for the presence of antibiotic resistance. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) as microbiological breakpoints were observed against a varied class of antibiotics. Isolates AKO 94.6, DVM 95.7, and NIFTEM 95.8 were explicitly resistant to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and vancomycin with MIC well beyond the maximum range of 256 µg/ml in the E-strip test. While isolate SKL1 was sensitive to ampicillin and showed MIC at 0.25 µg/ml but resistant to streptomycin and trimethoprim (MIC > 256 µg/ml). Molecular characterization showed the presence of tet(M) gene in three isolates SKL1, DVM 95.7, and NIFTEM 95.8 which was chromosomally associated resistance determinants while erm(B) resistance gene was detected in isolates DVM 95.7 and NIFTEM 95.8 only which was a plasmid associated gene and could be transferrable conjugally. Gene for Tn916 family (xis) was also observed in isolates DVM 95.7 and NIFTEM 95.8. Transferability of antibiotic resistance to pathogenic recipient strains was examined in isolates DVM 95.7 and NIFTEM 95.8 in different food matrices. The highest conjugation frequency with ~ 10-1 was obtained in alfalfa seed sprouts. This study reports the presence of acquired gene resistance in Lactobacillus species and dissemination to susceptible strains of bacteria in different food matrices. 16S rRNA gene sequences of isolates were uploaded to the NCBI GenBank database to retrieve the accession number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Kumar Ojha
- National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Sonipat, Haryana, 131028, India
| | - Nagendra Prasad Shah
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Vijendra Mishra
- National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Sonipat, Haryana, 131028, India
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Kayacan Çakmakoğlu S, Vurmaz M, Bezirci E, Kaya Y, Dikmen H, Göktaş H, Demirbaş F, Encu B, Acar Soykut E, Alemdar F, Çakır İ, Durak MZ, Arıcı M, Sağdıç O, Türker M, Dertli E. Isolation and characterization of yogurt starter cultures from traditional yogurts and growth kinetics of selected cultures under lab-scale fermentation. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:454-463. [PMID: 35848985 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2098325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of new starter cultures is a crucial task for the food industry to meet technological requirements and traditional products are important reservoirs for new starter cultures. In this respect, this study aimed to isolate, identify, and determine the technological characteristics of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus strains originated from traditional yogurt samples. Genotypic discrimination of 200 isolates revealed the presence of distinct 19 S. thermophilus and 11 Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus strains as potential starter cultures. Strain-specific properties determined the acidification capacity of the yogurt starter cultures and a higher acidification capacity was observed for S. thermophilus strains compared to Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus strains. Proteolytic activity was found between 0.012-0.172 and 0.078-0.406 for S. thermophilus and Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus strains, respectively. 4 of S. thermophilus and 3 of Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus strains were found resistant to all tested bacteriophages. The antibiotic susceptibility tests of the isolates revealed that a very low antibiotic resistance was observed for the yogurt starter cultures. Finally, the growth kinetics of selected strains were determined and the maximum specific growth rate of selected S. thermophilus and Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus was calculated as 0.527 h-1 and 0.589 h-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Kayacan Çakmakoğlu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Melike Vurmaz
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty Engineering, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkey
| | | | - Yasemin Kaya
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty Engineering, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkey
| | - Hilal Dikmen
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Hamza Göktaş
- Food Technology Programme, Vocational School, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatmanur Demirbaş
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Betül Encu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty Engineering, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Esra Acar Soykut
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty Engineering, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | | | - İbrahim Çakır
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty Engineering, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - M Zeki Durak
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Arıcı
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Sağdıç
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Enes Dertli
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Yang J, Tong C, Xiao D, Xie L, Zhao R, Huo Z, Tang Z, Hao J, Zeng Z, Xiong W. Metagenomic Insights into Chicken Gut Antibiotic Resistomes and Microbiomes. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0190721. [PMID: 35230155 PMCID: PMC9045286 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01907-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The chicken gut microbiota, as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), poses a high risk to humans and animals worldwide. Yet a comprehensive exploration of the chicken gut antibiotic resistomes remains incomplete. In this study, we established the largest chicken gut resistance gene catalogue to date through metagenomic analysis of 629 chicken gut samples. We found significantly higher abundance of ARGs in the Chinese chicken gut than that in the Europe. tetX, mcr, and blaNDM, the genes resistant to antibiotics of last resort for human and animal health, were detected in the Chinese chicken gut. The abundance of ARGs was linearly correlated with that of mobile genetic elements (MGEs). The host-tracking analysis identified Escherichia, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, and Lactobacillus as the major ARG hosts. Especially, Lactobacillus, an intestinal probiotic, carried multiple drug resistance genes, and was proportional to ISLhe63, highlighting its potential risk in agricultural production processes. We first established a reference gene catalogue of chicken gut antibiotic resistomes. Our study helps to improve the knowledge and understanding of chicken antibiotic resistomes for knowledge-based sustainable chicken meat production. IMPORTANCE The prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in the chicken gut environment poses a serious threat to human health; however, we lack a comprehensive exploration of antibiotic resistomes and microbiomes in the chicken gut environment. The results of this study demonstrate the diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes and flora in the chicken gut environment and identify a variety of potential hosts carrying antibiotic resistance genes. Further analysis showed that mobile genetic elements were linearly correlated with antibiotic resistance genes abundance, implying that we should pay attention to the role played by mobile genetic elements in antibiotic resistance genes transmission. We established a reference genome of gut antibiotic resistance genes in chickens, which will help to rationalize the use of drugs in poultry farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuihong Tong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danyu Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longfei Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruonan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Huo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyun Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguang Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Microorganisms from starter and protective cultures - Occurrence of antibiotic resistance and conjugal transfer of tet genes in vitro and during food fermentation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Genomic and metabolic features of the Lactobacillus sakei JD10 revealed potential probiotic traits. Microbiol Res 2021; 256:126954. [PMID: 34973546 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria that inhabit in the lung play important roles in maintaining the microbiome balance by interacting with the host immune system. Numerous metabolites (e.g., short chain fatty acids, bacteriocins, and hydrogen peroxide) produced by Lactobacillus sakei possess a special inhibitory spectrum against invading pathogens. In this research, the whole genome of L. sakei JD10 strain isolated from the porcine lung was sequenced and investigated. The whole size of the L. sakei JD10 chromosome was 1,989,921 bp, which encoded a total of 1951 predicted genes. Genome analyses revealed that many genes encoded carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) were predicted, which were responsible for the carbohydrate degradation and short chain fatty acids production. The metabolic profiles of short chain fatty acids in the L. sakei JD10 culture medium were measured by GC/TOFMS, and their regulatory effects on bacterial phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells were also determined. The bacteriocin-producing genes of the L. sakei JD10 genome were also predicted, and a bacteriocin gene encoding carnocin was characterized and its molecular structure was analyzed. Two CRISPR-Cas system related genes were identified from the L. sakei JD10 genome, revealed that precise and efficient genome editing technologies could be applied for genetic engineering-manipulation. In all, investigation on the genomic features and metabolic features of L. sakei JD10 showed the potential probiotic traits to fight against pathogenic infection and regulate the host immune function.
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13
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Role of Exposure to Lactic Acid Bacteria from Foods of Animal Origin in Human Health. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092092. [PMID: 34574202 PMCID: PMC8471122 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal products, in particular dairy and fermented products, are major natural sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). These are known for their antimicrobial properties, as well as for their roles in organoleptic changes, antioxidant activity, nutrient digestibility, the release of peptides and polysaccharides, amino acid decarboxylation, and biogenic amine production and degradation. Due to their antimicrobial properties, LAB are used in humans and in animals, with beneficial effects, as probiotics or in the treatment of a variety of diseases. In livestock production, LAB contribute to animal performance, health, and productivity. In the food industry, LAB are applied as bioprotective and biopreservation agents, contributing to improve food safety and quality. However, some studies have described resistance to relevant antibiotics in LAB, with the concomitant risks associated with the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes to foodborne pathogens and their potential dissemination throughout the food chain and the environment. Here, we summarize the application of LAB in livestock and animal products, as well as the health impact of LAB in animal food products. In general, the beneficial effects of LAB on the human food chain seem to outweigh the potential risks associated with their consumption as part of animal and human diets. However, further studies and continuous monitorization efforts are needed to ensure their safe application in animal products and in the control of pathogenic microorganisms, preventing the possible risks associated with antibiotic resistance and, thus, protecting public health.
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Li M, Tang Y, Guo L, Lei T, Deng Y, Wang L, Zhang Q, Li C. Antibiotic Resistance Characterization of Bacteria Isolated from Traditional Chinese Paocai. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:3853-3862. [PMID: 34390373 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the antibiotic resistance of 218 isolates to 9 different antibiotics was analyzed with minimum inhibitory concentration method. All Lactobacillus pentosus strains were found to be resistant to streptomycin sulfate and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride. Lactococcus lactis strains were resistant to streptomycin sulfate. Specifically, 90% Klebsiella oxytoca and all Citrobacter freundii strains were resistant to ampicillin sodium. 30% K. oxytoca strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin hydrochloride. All Bacillus albus strains were resistant to erythromycin and 80% strains were resistant to ampicillin sodium. Results from PCR analysis revealed that 90 isolates carried the aadE gene. The tetM gene was detected in four L. pentosus isolates. And the streptomycin resistant gene aadA was detected in one L. pentosus isolate. Metagenome analysis revealed that 74.7% genes associated with antibiotic resistance were antibiotic resistance genes. The tetM and aadA genes, detected in PCR analysis, were also retrieved from the paocai metagenome. In brief, this study generated the antibiotic resistance profile of some paocai-originated bacteria strains. L. pentosus found in the final edible paocai were inherently resistant to antibiotics, such as streptomycin and ciprofloxacin. Results in this work reminds us to carefully choose the LAB strains for traditional Chinese paocai production to avoid potential spreading of antibiotic resistant genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Meishan Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Meishan, 620000, China
- National Pickle Quality Inspection Center, Meishan, 620000, China
| | - Yao Tang
- Sichuan Dongpo Chinese Paocai Industrial Technology Research Institute, Meishan, 620000, China
| | - Liyan Guo
- Meishan Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Meishan, 620000, China
- National Pickle Quality Inspection Center, Meishan, 620000, China
| | - Tao Lei
- Meishan Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Meishan, 620000, China
- National Pickle Quality Inspection Center, Meishan, 620000, China
| | - Yunfei Deng
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, 644007, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Sichuan Yingshan Vocational Senior High School, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Qisheng Zhang
- Sichuan Dongpo Chinese Paocai Industrial Technology Research Institute, Meishan, 620000, China
| | - Chengkang Li
- Meishan Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Meishan, 620000, China.
- National Pickle Quality Inspection Center, Meishan, 620000, China.
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15
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Guan Y, Cui Y, Qu X, Jing K. Safety and robustness aspects analysis of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus LDB-C1 based on the genome analysis and biological tests. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:3955-3964. [PMID: 34021387 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) is a microaerophylic anaerobe, which is widely used in the production of yogurt, cheese, and other fermented dairy products. L. bulgaricus and its partner Streptococcus thermophilus were used as starter cultures of yogurt in the world for thousands of years. In our previous study, L. bulgaricus LDB-C1 was obtained from traditional fermented milk, and possessed some characteristics like high exopolysaccharide yield and good fermentation performance. The analysis of its CRISPR-Cas system, antibiotic resistance, virulence factors, and mobile elements, was performed to reveal the stability of the strain LDB-C1. It was found that LDB-C1 contains a plenty of spacers in the CRISPR region, indicating it might have better performance against the infection of phages and plasmids. Furthermore, the acquired or transmittable antibiotic resistance/virulence factor genes were absent in the tested L. bulgaricus strain LDB-C1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Guan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Cui
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaojun Qu
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150010, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Jing
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
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16
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Ispirli H, Dertli E. Detection of fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) in bee bread and bee pollen samples and determination of their functional roles. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hümeyra Ispirli
- Central Research Laboratory Bayburt University Bayburt Turkey
| | - Enes Dertli
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Yildiz Technical University Istanbul Turkey
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17
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Isolation and identification of fungi found in contaminated fermented milk and antifungal activity of vanillin. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Abstract
The absence of acquired resistance to antimicrobials has become an important criterion in evaluation of the biosafety of lactobacilli used as industrial starter or probiotic cultures. The aim of this study was to assess antibiotic resistance in starter and non-starter lactobacilli of food origin. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline and vancomycin were established in 81 strains of lactobacilli (L. acidophilus, L. animalis, L. brevis, L. curvatus, L. delbrueckii, L. fermentum, L. helveticus, L. paracasei, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus and L. sakei) by the microdilution method. The strains were classified as susceptible or resistant to antimicrobials based on the cut-off values according to the EFSA guideline. Sixty-two strains (77% food isolates, 76% starter or adjunct cultures) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent (the most frequently to aminoglycosides). Adjunct cultures showed a higher antibiotic resistance (80%) than starters (60%). Four multiresistant strains (3 food isolates, 1 adjunct culture) were analyzed by whole genome sequencing. One potentially transferable aadE gene (responsible for streptomycin resistance) was detected only in one multi-drug resistant strain of L. animalis originating from an adjunct culture. Thus, there is a risk of horizontal transmission of this gene. It is necessary to eliminate such strains from use in the food industry. This study provides relevant data concerning the use of lactobacilli in safe food production. To ensure food safety, detailed characterization of resistance to antimicrobials is necessary not only in starter strains but also in non-starter lactic acid bacteria isolated from food products.
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19
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Zhao Y, Yu L, Tian F, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Zhai Q. An optimized culture medium to isolate Lactobacillus fermentum strains from the human intestinal tract. Food Funct 2021; 12:6740-6754. [PMID: 34105590 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00209k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Research studies have shown that Lactobacillus fermentum generally exists in the human gut and has potential health benefits on host health due to its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. However, the lack of an effective culture medium for the isolation of L. fermentum has presented a significant obstacle on the path to screen L. fermentum strains from the human intestinal tract with a large diversity of commensal microbes. In this study, a total of 51 Lactobacillus species are detected in 200 human fecal samples and we aim to distinguish L. fermentum from these common existing Lactobacillus species and design a more efficient culture medium for isolating L. fermentum strains from the human gut. Based on antibiotic susceptibility and sugar utilization tests, a new optimized medium called LFMATA containing arabinose as the carbon source and 20 mg L-1 vancomycin, 64 mg L-1 gentamicin and 256 mg L-1 streptomycin was developed. Genotype and phenotype analysis for antibiotic resistance and carbohydrate metabolism showed that though glycometabolism-related genes (araA, xylA, manX, bglX, treP and rbsK) correlated with the carbon utilization of Lactobacillus, the genes conferring resistance to streptomycin (gidB and rpsL) and gentamicin (tlyA) were not directly associated with the antibiotic resistance of Lactobacillus strains. This new selective medium greatly increased the efficiency of screening L. fermentum strains from human fecal samples, with the rate of L. fermentum isolation on LFMATA being 10-fold higher than that on LAMVAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R China.
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20
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Tóth AG, Csabai I, Maróti G, Jerzsele Á, Dubecz A, Patai ÁV, Judge MF, Nagy SÁ, Makrai L, Bányai K, Szita G, Solymosi N. A glimpse of antimicrobial resistance gene diversity in kefir and yoghurt. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22458. [PMID: 33384459 PMCID: PMC7775456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat gaining more and more practical significance every year. The main determinants of AMR are the antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Since bacteria can share genetic components via horizontal gene transfer, even non-pathogenic bacteria may provide ARG to any pathogens which they become physically close to (e.g. in the human gut). In addition, fermented food naturally contains bacteria in high amounts. In this study, we examined the diversity of ARG content in various kefir and yoghurt samples (products, grains, bacterial strains) using a unified metagenomic approach. We found numerous ARGs of commonly used fermenting bacteria. Even with the strictest filter restrictions, we identified ARGs undermining the efficacy of aminocoumarins, aminoglycosides, carbapenems, cephalosporins, cephamycins, diaminopyrimidines, elfamycins, fluoroquinolones, fosfomycins, glycylcyclines, lincosamides, macrolides, monobactams, nitrofurans, nitroimidazoles, penams, penems, peptides, phenicols, rifamycins, tetracyclines and triclosan. In the case of gene lmrD, we detected genetic environment providing mobility of this ARG. Our findings support the theory that during the fermentation process, the ARG content of foods can grow due to bacterial multiplication. The results presented suggest that the starting culture strains of fermented foods should be monitored and selected in order to decrease the intake of ARGs via foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienn Gréta Tóth
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - István Csabai
- Department of Phyisics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Gergely Maróti
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Szeged, 6726, Hungary.,Faculty of Water Sciences, University of Public Service, Baja, 6050, Hungary
| | - Ákos Jerzsele
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - Attila Dubecz
- Department of Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, 90419, Germany
| | - Árpád V Patai
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1088, Hungary.,Interdisciplinary Gastroenterology (IGA) Working Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Maura Fiona Judge
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - Sára Ágnes Nagy
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - László Makrai
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, 1143, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, 1143, Hungary
| | - Géza Szita
- Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - Norbert Solymosi
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, 1078, Hungary. .,Department of Phyisics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
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21
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A critical review of antibiotic resistance in probiotic bacteria. Food Res Int 2020; 136:109571. [PMID: 32846610 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit upon the host. At present, probiotics are gaining popularity worldwide and are widely used in food and medicine. Consumption of probiotics is increasing with further in-depth research on the relationship between intestinal flora and host health. Most people pay more attention to the function of probiotics but ignore their potential risks, such as infection and antibiotic resistance transfer to pathogenic microbes. Physiological functions, effects and mechanisms of action of probiotics were covered in this review, as well as the antibiotic resistance phenotypes, mechanisms and genes found in probiotics. Typical cases of antibiotic resistance of probiotics were also highlighted, as well as the potential risks (including pathogenicity, infectivity and excessive immune response) and corresponding strategies (dosage, formulation, and administration route). This timely study provides an avenue for further research, development and application of probiotics.
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22
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New Determinants of Aminoglycoside Resistance and Their Association with the Class 1 Integron Gene Cassettes in Trueperella pyogenes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124230. [PMID: 32545831 PMCID: PMC7352783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes is an important opportunistic animal pathogen. Different antimicrobials, including aminoglycosides, are used to treat T. pyogenes infections. The aim of the present study was to evaluate aminoglycoside susceptibility and to detect aminoglycoside resistance determinants in 86 T. pyogenes isolates of different origin. Minimum inhibitory concentration of gentamicin, streptomycin, and kanamycin was determined using a standard broth microdilution method. Genetic elements associated with aminoglycoside resistance were investigated by PCR and DNA sequencing. All studied isolates were susceptible to gentamicin, but 32.6% and 11.6% of them were classified as resistant to streptomycin and kanamycin, respectively. A total of 30 (34.9%) isolates contained class 1 integrons. Class 1 integron gene cassettes carrying aminoglycoside resistance genes, aadA11 and aadA9, were found in seven and two isolates, respectively. Additionally, the aadA9 gene found in six isolates was not associated with mobile genetic elements. Moreover, other, not carried by gene cassettes, aminoglycoside resistance genes, strA-strB and aph(3’)-IIIa, were also detected. Most importantly, this is the first description of all reported genes in T. pyogenes. Nevertheless, the relevance of the resistance phenotype to genotype was not perfectly matched in 14 isolates. Therefore, further investigations are needed to fully explain aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms in T. pyogenes.
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23
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Biotechnological potential and in vitro safety assessment of Lactobacillus curvatus BCS35, a multibacteriocinogenic strain isolated from dry-salted cod (Gadus morhua). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.05.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Hazırolan G, Gündoğdu A, Nigiz S, Altun B, Gür D. Presence of OXA-48 Gene in a Clinical Isolate of Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:840-843. [PMID: 31373839 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2019.2651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli are part of the microbiota and are also used as probiotics. However, in recent years they have been associated with invasive infections, especially bacteremia. Lactobacillus spp. are usually susceptible to penicillins, macrolides, and carbapenems, but Lactobacillus rhamnosus is intrinsically resistant to glycopeptides. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile and resistance mechanism of a clinical isolate of L. rhamnosus isolated from 10 sets of blood cultures of the same patient. The isolate was identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (Bruker Daltonics; BD, Bremen, Germany) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In vitro susceptibilities to penicillin, ampicillin, imipenem, vancomycin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and linezolid were determined with gradient test strips (bioMérieux, France) on Mueller-Hinton agar plates supplemented with 5% defibrinated horse blood and 20 mg/L β-NAD. The isolate was resistant to vancomycin and imipenem. Polymerase chain reaction test was positive for blaOXA-48 and the presence of this carbapenemase was confirmed by gene sequencing. Although plasmid analysis suggested that the blaOXA-48 is chromosomal in this isolate, it is still an alarming finding for potential transmission of antibiotic resistance genes to other bacteria in the gut. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of blaOXA-48 in a Lactobacillus spp. and has utmost importance as these bacteria are used as probiotics. The isolation of these bacteria from sterile body sites should not go unnoticed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülşen Hazırolan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aycan Gündoğdu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Seyma Nigiz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belgin Altun
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Gür
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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