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Prevalence of Different Salmonella enterica Subspecies and Serotypes in Wild Carnivores in Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233368. [PMID: 36496889 PMCID: PMC9738870 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a pathogen of considerable health concern, given its zoonotic potential, and, in Italy, is the most frequently reported causative agent for foodborne outbreaks. Wild animals and in particular wild carnivores may be carriers of different Salmonella enterica subspecies and serotypes. Given their potential role as reservoirs, surveillance activities are necessary. This study aims to investigate the presence of different Salmonella subspecies and serotypes in wild carnivores in the Emilia-Romagna Region. A total of 718 fox (Vulpes vulpes), 182 badger (Meles meles) and 27 wolf (Canis lupus) carcasses, submitted between 2016-2022, were included for the present work. Gender and age data were collected along with geographical coordinates of carcass' discovery site. Contents of the large intestine were sampled and cultured according to ISO 6579-1 and both serogroup and serotype identification were performed according to ISO/TR 6579-3:2014. Salmonella was retrieved from 42 foxes (6%), 21 badgers (12%) and 3 wolves (12%), respectively. Isolated Salmonella enterica strains belonged to 4 different subspecies and 25 different serotypes. S. veneziana and S. typhimurium were the most frequent serotypes found (11/67 and 10/67, respectively). In conclusion, zoonotic serotypes were found in all these species of wildlife, thus confirming their potential role in the ecology of Salmonella spp.
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D'Oca MC, Di Noto AM, Bartolotta A, Parlato A, Nicastro L, Sciortino S, Cardamone C. Assessment of contamination of Salmonella spp. in imported black pepper and sesame seed and salmonella inactivation by gamma irradiation. Ital J Food Saf 2021; 10:8914. [PMID: 33907684 PMCID: PMC8056450 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2021.8914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study shows the frequency of seeds samples contaminated by Salmonella spp. collected randomly from local markets; on 30 black pepper sample no contaminated sample was found while Salmonella spp. was detected in 3 of 36 (8.3%) analyzed sesame samples; three different serotypes were identified: S. Montevideo, S. Stanleyville e S. Tilene. The efficacy of gamma irradiation to inactivate Salmonella Montevideo in black pepper and sesame irradiated between 1 and 5 kGy was evaluated. 3 kGy is sufficient to reduce of 3-4 log CFU/g; whereas 5 kGy have been need to reduce 5.5-6 log CFU/g for samples of black pepper and sesame. No statistically significant differences were found between black pepper and sesame.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aldo Parlato
- Department of Energy, Engineering of the information and Mathematical Models, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Nicastro
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Palermo "A. Mirri"
| | - Sonia Sciortino
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Palermo "A. Mirri"
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Petrin S, Longo A, Barco L, Cortini E, Peruzzo A, Antonelli P, Ramon E, Cibin V, Lettini AA, Ricci A, Losasso C. Different Resolution Power of Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis and Whole-Genome Sequencing in the Characterization of S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- Isolates. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:558-561. [PMID: 30916593 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- has emerged over the last two decades as one of the most common serovars causing human salmonellosis in Europe. It is supposed to originate from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium due to antigenic and genotypic similarities between the two serovars. Due to the high level of similarity, the multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) protocol designed for Salmonella Typhimurium routine typing is commonly used also for the characterization of S. 1,4,[5],12:i. Nevertheless, the Salmonella Typhimurium-based MLVA protocol often shows poor discriminatory power for S. 1,4,[5],12:i. Indeed, only a limited number of MLVA profiles have been described for S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-. Moreover, based on the MLVA clustering, S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- is supposed to display high clonality. The aim of the present work was to assess whether the five loci of Salmonella Typhimurium investigated by MLVA are sufficiently accurate to correctly assign S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- isolates. For this purpose, 38 epidemiologically unrelated S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Isolates were selected among a collection of monophasic strains isolated in Italy from different sources over the period 2014-2016 and belonging to the five most commonly detected MLVA profiles. Results confirmed the possible clonality for S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- serovar in the light of the scarce difference observed in terms of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among investigated isolates. Nevertheless, unrelated isolates on the basis of the difference of SNP number were characterized as indistinguishable by MLVA profile, thus suggesting an insufficient resolution of MLVA. Hence, we can conclude that MLVA-based approach does not seem a valuable proxy to deepen into the epidemiological relationship among S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- isolates. These evidences can be useful to avoid incorrect assignment especially when surveillance data are used for outbreak investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Petrin
- OIE and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alessandra Longo
- OIE and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Lisa Barco
- OIE and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Enzo Cortini
- OIE and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Arianna Peruzzo
- OIE and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Pietro Antonelli
- OIE and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Elena Ramon
- OIE and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Veronica Cibin
- OIE and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Antonia Anna Lettini
- OIE and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Antonia Ricci
- OIE and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Carmen Losasso
- OIE and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
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