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Ibrahim DD, Enem SI, Egwu G, Dantong D, Jolayemi KO, Gaddafi MS. An emerging zoonosis: molecular detection of multidrug-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from butchers' knives, livestock products and contact surfaces. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1697-1705. [PMID: 38519756 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) transmission in livestock, community, and healthcare settings poses a significant public health concern both locally and globally. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence, molecular detection, and antibiogram of the MRSA strain in fresh beef, contact surfaces, and butchers' knives from the four major abattoirs (Karu, Gwagwalada, Deidei, and Kubwa) located in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to collect 400 swab samples from butchers' knives (132), fresh beef (136), and contact surfaces (132). Presumptive colonies on mannitol salt agar were subjected to culture, isolation, and biotyping. The antibiogram was carried out via a Kirby-Bauer disk containing eight antibiotics. MRSA was phenotypically confirmed by oxacillin-resistant screening agar base (ORSAB) and genotypically by PCR to detect the presence of the mecA gene. Out of the 400 samples, 47.24% of fresh beef, 37% of contact surfaces, and 64.33% of butchers' knife swabs were Staphylococcus aureus positive. Thirty-two Staphylococcus aureus-positive isolates were confirmed to be MRSA, 50% fresh beef, 28.12% contact surfaces, and 21.87% butcher's knife swabs. MRSA isolates displayed multidrug-resistant traits, with a high resistance of 90.62% against cloxacillin, and a highest susceptibility of 100% to co-trimaxole. The antibiogram showed MRSA strains to be multidrug resistant. Molecular characterisation of the MRSA detected the presence of the mecA gene at a band size of 163 bp in all isolates. Strict hygiene of butchers, and working equipment in meat processing and marketing should be of top priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dauda Dauda Ibrahim
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - Simon Ikechukwu Enem
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Godwin Egwu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - David Dantong
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine Laboratory, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Mohammed Sani Gaddafi
- Department of Public Health, Ministry of Animal Health, Husbandry and Fisheries, Kebbi, Nigeria
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Foyle L, Burnett M, Creaser A, Hens R, Keough J, Madin L, Price R, Smith H, Stone S, Kinobe RT. Prevalence and distribution of antimicrobial resistance in effluent wastewater from animal slaughter facilities: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120848. [PMID: 36563990 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of antibiotics in food animal production and disposal of untreated wastewater from food animal slaughter facilities may create a shift in microbiomes of different ecosystems by generating reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance along the human-animal-environmental interface. This epidemiological problem has been studied, but its magnitude and impact on a global scale is poorly characterised. A systematic review was done to determine global prevalence and distribution patterns of antimicrobial resistance in effluent wastewater from animal slaughter facilities. Extracted data were stratified into rational groups for secondary analyses and presented as percentages. Culture and sensitivity testing was the predominant method; Escherichia spp., Enterococcus spp., and Staphylococcus aureus were the most targeted isolates. Variable incidences of resistance were detected against all major antimicrobial classes including reserved drugs such as ceftazidime, piperacillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol; the median frequency and range in resistant Gram-negative isolates were: 11 (0-100), 62 (0-100), 8 (0-100), 14 (0-93) and 12 (0-62) respectively. Ciprofloxacin was the most tested drug with the highest incidences of resistance in livestock slaughterhouses in Iran (93%), Nigeria (50%) and China (20%), and poultry slaughterhouses in Germany (21-81%) and Spain (56%). Spatial global distribution patterns for antimicrobial resistance were associated with previously reported magnitude of antibiotic use in livestock or poultry farming and, the implicit existence of jurisdictional policies to regulate antibiotic use. These data indicate that anthropogenic activities in farming systems are a major contributor to the cause and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance into the environment via slaughterhouse effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Foyle
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, 1 Solander Drive, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia; Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Solander Drive, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Matthew Burnett
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, 1 Solander Drive, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Abbey Creaser
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, 1 Solander Drive, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Rachel Hens
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, 1 Solander Drive, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Julia Keough
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, 1 Solander Drive, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Lauren Madin
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, 1 Solander Drive, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Ruby Price
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, 1 Solander Drive, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Hayley Smith
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, 1 Solander Drive, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Samuel Stone
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, 1 Solander Drive, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Robert T Kinobe
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, 1 Solander Drive, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia; Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Solander Drive, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia.
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Staphylococcus aureus in Horses in Nigeria: Occurrence, Antimicrobial, Methicillin and Heavy Metal Resistance and Virulence Potentials. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020242. [PMID: 36830153 PMCID: PMC9952373 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from a total of 360 nasal and groin skin swabs from 180 systematic randomly-selected horses slaughtered for meat at Obollo-Afor, Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria and antimicrobial, methicillin and heavy metal resistance profile and virulence potentials of the isolates established. Baird-Parker agar with egg yolk tellurite was used for S. aureus isolation. S. aureus isolates were confirmed biochemically and serologically using a specific S. aureus Staphytect Plus™ latex agglutination test kit. The antimicrobial resistance profile, methicillin, vancomycin and inducible clindamycin resistance, and β-lactamase production of the isolates were determined with disc diffusion. Tolerance to Copper, Cadmium, Lead and Zinc was assessed using the agar dilution method and virulence potentials were determined using phenotypic methods. Forty-three (23.9%) of the 180 horses harbored S. aureus. Some 71 S. aureus were recovered from the 360 samples. Two (2.8%) of the 71 S. aureus were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 69 (97.2%) were methicillin-susceptible. MRSA was recovered from 2 (1.1%) of the 180 horses. Some 9.4% of the isolates were multiple drug-resistant (MDR). The mean multiple antibiotic resistance indices (MARI) for the isolates was 0.24. Heavy metal resistance rate of the isolates ranged between 35.4-70.4%. The isolates, including the MRSA strains, displayed virulence potentials as clumping factor and catalase, gelatinase, caseinase, heamolysin, and biofilm was at the rate of 100%, 53.5%, 43.7%, 18.3% and 23.9%, respectively. This study showed that a considerable percentage of horses slaughtered in Obollo-Afor Southeastern Nigeria are potential reservoirs of virulent multiple drug- and heavy metal-resistant S. aureus, including MRSA, that could spread to humans and the environment.
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Odetokun IA, Afolaranmi ZM, Nuhu AA, Borokinni BO, Ghali-Mohammed I, Cisse H, Alhaji NB. Knowledge and self-reported food safety practices among meat consumers in Ilorin, Nigeria. DIALOGUES IN HEALTH 2022; 1:100039. [PMID: 38515916 PMCID: PMC10953869 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2022.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
As an imperative source of protein to man, meat could also serve as a source of infections when processed poorly. This research studied consumers' knowledge and self-reported food safety practices among 869 meat consumers of different socioeconomic statuses. We summarized the data obtained using descriptive and inferential statistics. Two outcome variables were developed to determine satisfactory knowledge and practices. The knowledge and practice scores were determined through a numeric scoring system based on the respondents' correct responses to knowledge and practices questions. These outcome variables were further categorized into binary variables based on a cut-off point (mean + 1 SD of the scores) with scores greater and lower than the cut-off points considered satisfactory (acceptable/appropriate) and unsatisfactory, respectively. The respondents are predominantly female (54.9%) within the age range of 19-25 years (54.2%) and were unmarried (71.1%). Less than half (46.4% and 40.0%) of the respondents have adequate knowledge and practice levels of food safety. Most meat consumers have identified various challenges to food safety and hazards related to unsafe food safety practices. Important socioeconomic variables of the meat consumers such as occupation, age, and marital status, were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with food safety knowledge. Meat consumers with higher age categories and educational levels were more likely to have good food safety knowledge than those of the 15-18 years age category and primary educational level, respectively. Respondents with higher levels of education were more likely to demonstrate satisfactory food safety practices than those of primary education status, while males (OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.76; p = 0.043) were significantly more likely to report satisfactory food safety practices. In conclusion, this study emphasized the need for an improvement in consumers' food safety practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail A. Odetokun
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Zainab Mercy Afolaranmi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu A. Nuhu
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Baasim O. Borokinni
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Ibraheem Ghali-Mohammed
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Hama Cisse
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Immunology, University Joseph Ki-ZERBO, Burkina Faso
| | - Nma Bida Alhaji
- Public Health and Epidemiology Department, Niger State Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Bosso, Minna, Nigeria
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