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Chiorean AD, Vica ML, Bâlici Ș, Nicula GZ, Răcătăianu N, Bordea MA, Simon LM, Matei HV. The C55A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in CTLA-4 Gene, a New Possible Biomarker in Thyroid Autoimmune Pathology Such as Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2517. [PMID: 37568880 PMCID: PMC10417055 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13152517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of autoantibodies against the thyroid gland. Different studies have shown that several genes may be associated with HT, which explains why patients often have family members with thyroiditis or other autoimmune diseases. The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate the correlation between polymorphisms at the level of exon 1 from the CTLA-4 gene and the susceptibility to developing HT. In this study, we found that there is no statistically significant association between the polymorphism rs231775 (A22G in exon 1) of the CTLA-4 gene and a genetic predisposition to HT. In contrast, a strong association was discovered for the first time between C55A in exon 1 of the CTLA-4 gene and HT. Our findings suggest that there is a genetic relationship between the CTLA-4 (+55A/C) genotype and the seropositivity against thyroid autoantigens, such as anti-thyroid peroxidase (ATPO) and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (ATG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin-Dan Chiorean
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (Ș.B.); (G.Z.N.); (H.V.M.)
- Clinical Laboratory, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Laura Vica
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (Ș.B.); (G.Z.N.); (H.V.M.)
- Institute of Legal Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ștefana Bâlici
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (Ș.B.); (G.Z.N.); (H.V.M.)
| | - Gheorghe Zsolt Nicula
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (Ș.B.); (G.Z.N.); (H.V.M.)
| | - Nicoleta Răcătăianu
- Integrated Ambulatory of Endocrinology, Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Mădălina Adriana Bordea
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.A.B.); (L.-M.S.)
| | - Laura-Mihaela Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.A.B.); (L.-M.S.)
| | - Horea Vladi Matei
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (Ș.B.); (G.Z.N.); (H.V.M.)
- Institute of Legal Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Trzos S, Link-Lenczowski P, Sokołowski G, Pocheć E. Changes of IgG N-Glycosylation in Thyroid Autoimmunity: The Modulatory Effect of Methimazole in Graves' Disease and the Association With the Severity of Inflammation in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841710. [PMID: 35370997 PMCID: PMC8965101 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The N-glycome of immunoglobulin G (IgG), the most abundant glycoprotein in human blood serum, reflects pathological conditions of autoimmunity and is sensitive to medicines applied in disease therapy. Due to the high sensitivity of N-glycosylation, the IgG N-glycan profile may serve as an indicator of an ongoing inflammatory process. The IgG structure and its effector functions are strongly dependent on the composition of N-glycans attached to the Fc fragment, and the binding of antigens is regulated by Fab sugar moieties. Because of the crucial role of N-glycans in IgG function, remodeling of its N-oligosaccharides can induce pathological changes that ultimately contribute to the development of autoimmunity; restoration of their physiological structure is critical to the reduction of disease symptoms. Our recently published data have shown that the pathology of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), including Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and Graves’ disease (GD), is accompanied by alterations of the composition of IgG N-glycans. The present study is a more in-depth investigation of IgG glycosylation in both AITDs, designed to determine the relationship between the severity of thyroid inflammation and IgG N-glycan structures in HT, and to assess the impact of immunosuppressive therapy on the N-glycan profile in GD patients. The study material consisted of human serum samples collected from donors with elevated anti-thyroglobulin (Tg) and/or anti-thyroperoxidase (TPO) IgGs without symptoms of hypothyroidism (n=68), HT patients characterized by high autoantibody titers and advanced destruction of the thyroid gland (n=113), GD patients with up-regulated IgG against thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) before (n=62) and after (n=47) stabilization of TSH level as a result of methimazole therapy (study groups), and healthy donors (control group, n=90). IgG was isolated from blood serum using protein G affinity chromatography. N-glycans were released from IgG by PNGase F digestion and analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) after 2-aminobenzamide (2-AB) labeling. UPLC-MS chromatograms were integrated into 25 peaks (GP) in the Waters UNIFI Scientific Information System, and N-glycans were assigned based on the glucose unit values and mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) of the detected ions. The Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test was used to determine the statistical significance of the results (p<0.05). The obtained results suggest that modifications of IgG sialylation, galactosylation and core-fucosylation are associated with the severity of HT symptoms. Methimazole therapy implemented in GD patients affected the IgG N-glycan profile; as a result, the content of the sialylated and galactosylated oligosaccharides with core fucose differed after treatment. Our results suggest that N-glycosylation of IgG undergoes dynamic changes during the intensification of thyroiditis in HT, and that in GD autoimmunity it is affected significantly by immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Trzos
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Link-Lenczowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Sokołowski
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Pocheć
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Hu Y, Xu K, Jiang L, Zhang L, Shi H, Cui D. Associations Between ThreeCTLA-4Polymorphisms and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Risk: An Updated Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2018; 22:224-236. [PMID: 29461867 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2017.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Kuanfeng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - He Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Dai Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
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Fatourechi A, Ardakani HM, Sayarifard F, Sheikh M. Hypothyroidism among pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, from patients' characteristics to disease severity. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2017; 26:73-80. [PMID: 28458459 PMCID: PMC5402308 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.26.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed this study to evaluate the associations of hypothyroidism with clinical
severity and the occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at initial diagnosis among
pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). 330 children with T1DM who
referred to Diabetes Clinic were enrolled. The medical records were e valuated and a blood
sample was drawn from patients for measuring thyroid function and antibodies, blood
glucose, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels. Hypothyroidism was detected in 9.6% of
children with T1DM and was associated with higher rates of DKA (OR = 3.15, 95%CI =
1.48–6.71) and younger age at initial diagnosis (7.3 ± 3.2 vs. 10.1 ± 2.5, p = 0.04),
higher levels of HbA1C upon enrolment (9.8 ± 2.2 vs. 8.8 ± 1.9, p = 0.02) and the
requirement for higher insulin doses to control the disease (0.9 ± 0.42 vs. 0.81 ± 0.2, p
= 0.03) compared to children with T1DM and normal thyroid function. Additionally children
with T1DM and hypothyroidism had significantly higher rates of anti-TPO antibodies (p <
0.001), consanguinity in their parents (p =0.01), and family history of diabetes mellitus
(p = 0.02) in their first degree relatives. In conclusion autoimmune hypothyroidism is
prevalent among children with T1DM and is associated with a more aggressive disease at
initial presentation, poorly controlled T1DM, and requirement for higher Insulin doses for
controlling the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fatourechi
- Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Sayarifard
- Public Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sheikh
- Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Narooie-Nejad M, Taji O, Kordi Tamandani DM, Kaykhaei MA. Association of CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms -318C/T and +49A/G and Hashimoto's thyroidits in Zahedan, Iran. Biomed Rep 2016; 6:108-112. [PMID: 28123718 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland and is known as the most common autoimmune disease. Development of autoimmune destruction of thyroid cells is a multi-step process involving convergence of genetic and environmental factors. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) has an important role in homeostasis and negative regulation of immune responses, and is therefore considered to be a key element in the development of autoimmune diseases. The present study evaluated the association of the CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms 318C/T (rs5742909) and +49A/G (rs231775) with HT in an Iranian population (including 82 patients with HT and 104 healthy controls who were referred for routine premarital blood screenings). Genotyping was performed using the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction technique. No significant differences were observed in genotype and allele frequencies in the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between cases and controls. In the cases as well as in the controls, the TT genotype in the -318C/T polymorphism was absent and the predominant genotype was CC, while the predominant genotype for the +49A/G SNP was AA. As only few studies in this field have assessed Iranian and even Middle Eastern populations, additional studies with a higher number of samples are recommended to further assess the impact of -318C/T (rs5742909) and +49A/G (rs231775) polymorphisms of CTLA-4 on HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Narooie-Nejad
- Genetics of Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchestan 9816743463, Iran; Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchestan 9816743463, Iran
| | - Omid Taji
- Department of Biology, Sistan and Baluchestan University, Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchestan 98155-987, Iran
| | | | - Mahmoud Ali Kaykhaei
- Genetics of Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchestan 9816743463, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchestan 9816743463, Iran
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Ting WH, Chien MN, Lo FS, Wang CH, Huang CY, Lin CL, Lin WS, Chang TY, Yang HW, Chen WF, Lien YP, Cheng BW, Lin CH, Chen CC, Wu YL, Hung CM, Li HJ, Chan CI, Lee YJ. Association of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4 (CTLA4) Gene Polymorphisms with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Children and Adults: Case-Control Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154394. [PMID: 27111218 PMCID: PMC4844099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), including Graves disease (GD) and Hashimoto disease (HD), is an organ-specific autoimmune disease with a strong genetic component. Although the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) polymorphism has been reported to be associated with AITD in adults, few studies have focused on children. The aim of our study was to investigate whether the CTLA4 polymorphisms, including -318C/T (rs5742909), +49A/G (rs231775), and CT60 (rs3087243), were associated with GD and HD in Han Chinese adults and children. We studied 289 adult GD, 265 pediatric GD, 229 pediatric HD patients, and 1058 healthy controls and then compared genotype, allele, carrier, and haplotype frequencies between patients and controls. We found that CTLA4 SNPs +49A/G and CT60 were associated with GD in adults and children. Allele G of +49A/G was significantly associated with GD in adults (odds ratio [OR], 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–1.84; corrected P value [Pc] < 0.001) and children (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.15–1.77; Pc = 0.002). Allele G of CT60 also significantly increased risk of GD in adults (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.27–2.09; Pc < 0.001) and GD in children (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.22–2.04; Pc < 0.001). Significant linkage disequilibrium was found between +49A/G and CT60 in GD and control subjects (D’ = 0.92). Our results showed that CTLA4 was associated with both GD and HD and played an equivalent role in both adult and pediatric GD in Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsin Ting
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Nan Chien
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Mechatronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Sung Lo
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Ling Lin
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital Tamsui, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shan Lin
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital Tamsui, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yang Chang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital Tamsui, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Woei Yang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital Tamsui, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fang Chen
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital Tamsui, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ping Lien
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital Tamsui, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Wen Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital HsinChu, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsu Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital HsinChu, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lei Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Chang-Hua, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Mei Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Hsinchu Cathay General Hospital, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Jung Li
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Martin De Porres Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Chon-In Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Jinn Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital Tamsui, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Ramesh BG, Bhargav PR, Rajesh BG, Vimala Devi N, Vijayaraghavan R, Aparna Varma B. Genomics and phenomics of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in children and adolescents: a prospective study from Southern India. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:280. [PMID: 26697440 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.10.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the commonest cause of acquired hypothyroidism in children and adolescents in iodine non-endemic areas. The genetic analysis in HT shows two types of susceptibility genes-immune regulatory and thyroid specific genes. The exact genotype-phenotypic correlations and risk categorization of hypothyroid phenotypes resulting from these known mutations are largely speculative. The genetic studies in pediatric HT are very sparse from Indian sub-continent. In this context, we analysed the prevalence of TPO, NIS and DUOX2 gene mutations along with genotype-phenotype correlations in hypothyroid children with HT. METHODS This is inter-disciplinary study conducted by collaboration between a tertiary care endocrinology hospital, biochemistry department of a teaching medical institute and genetics lab. In this prospective study, we employed 8 sets of primers and screened for 142 known single nucleotide polymorphisms in TPO, NIS, DUOX2 genes. The subjects were children and adolescents with hypothyroidism due to HT. Congenital hypothyroidism, iodine deficiency and dyshormonogenetic hypothyroidism cases were excluded. RESULTS We detected 8 mutations in 7/20 (35%) children in the entire cohort (6 in NIS and 2 in TPO genes. No mutations were observed in DUOX2 gene. All our mutations were localized in introns and we found none in exons. Except for bi-allelic, synonymous polymorphism of TPO gene in child No. 18, all other mutations were heterozygous in nature. Genotype-phenotype correlations show that our mutations significantly expressed the presence of associated autoimmune manifestations and existence of family history. Clinical phenotypes of painful thyroiditis, severity of hypothyroidism and absence of goiter were statistically significant in the presence of these mutations. But, they could not reach significance on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS NIS gene followed by TPO mutations appears to be most prevalent mutations in HT amongst South Indian children and these mutations significantly influenced phenotypic expressions such as severity of hypothyroidism, goiter, auto-immune manifestations and family history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangaraiah Gari Ramesh
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India ; 2 Endocrine Surgery, Endocare Hospital, Vijayawada, India ; 3 Department of Anatomy, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India ; 4 Endocare Hospital, Vijayawada, India ; 5 Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Panchangam Ramakanth Bhargav
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India ; 2 Endocrine Surgery, Endocare Hospital, Vijayawada, India ; 3 Department of Anatomy, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India ; 4 Endocare Hospital, Vijayawada, India ; 5 Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Bangaraiah Gari Rajesh
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India ; 2 Endocrine Surgery, Endocare Hospital, Vijayawada, India ; 3 Department of Anatomy, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India ; 4 Endocare Hospital, Vijayawada, India ; 5 Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Nangedda Vimala Devi
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India ; 2 Endocrine Surgery, Endocare Hospital, Vijayawada, India ; 3 Department of Anatomy, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India ; 4 Endocare Hospital, Vijayawada, India ; 5 Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Rajagopalan Vijayaraghavan
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India ; 2 Endocrine Surgery, Endocare Hospital, Vijayawada, India ; 3 Department of Anatomy, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India ; 4 Endocare Hospital, Vijayawada, India ; 5 Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Bhongir Aparna Varma
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India ; 2 Endocrine Surgery, Endocare Hospital, Vijayawada, India ; 3 Department of Anatomy, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India ; 4 Endocare Hospital, Vijayawada, India ; 5 Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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Feng M, Zhang FB, Deng HR. The CTLA4 +49A/G polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in Asian but not Caucasian populations: an updated meta-analysis. Endocrine 2013; 44:350-8. [PMID: 23860622 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-013-0014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The polymorphism +49A/G in the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) gene has been implicated in susceptibility to Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), but the findings are not clear-cut. This study aimed to investigate the association between CTLA-4 polymorphisms and HT risk using an updated meta-analysis. A meta-analysis was carried out of 14 previous studies that investigated the CTLA-4 +49A/G polymorphism and HT risk. +49A/G was associated with a significantly increased HT risk in both allele analysis and all genetic models (allele analysis: G vs. A: P < 0.001, OR = 1.379, 95 % CI = 1.244-1.529). Subgroup analysis by ethnicity showed a significantly increased HT risk with the G allele and all other genetic models in the Asian subgroup (P < 0.001). In the Caucasian subgroup, no significant association was detected between the CTLA-4 +49 G allele and HT, or in the genetic model analysis (P = 0.05). This gene-based analysis indicates that the cumulative effect of the +49A/G polymorphism in CTLA-4 is associated with HT in Asians, but appears to have no effect on HT in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Feng
- Department of Gerontology and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China,
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9
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Alfadhli S, Almutawa Q, Abbas JMK, Doi SAR. Association of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) genes in a Kuwaiti population. Endocrine 2013; 43:666-77. [PMID: 23138463 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9823-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Analysing two CTLA-4 markers [exon 1 A49G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and exon 4 3'UTR (AT)n repeat] and the ICOS intron 4 (GT)n marker for their potential association with HT, and exploring the effect of the tested SNPs on the CTLA-4 isoform expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Total of 270 age-gender-ethnically matched subjects were genotyped by fluorescent-labelled restriction fragment length polymorphism, multiplex PCR, and fragment analysis. Sequencing was used to confirm the genotyping results. Expression of the full-length and soluble CTLA-4 mRNAs analysed using real-time PCR. Sera from subjects were screened for sCTLA-4 using ELISA. Tested subjects revealed ten alleles and sixteen genotypes of CTLA-4 3'UTR(AT)n. The 3'UTR(AT)n was significantly associated with HT: allele (AT)15 and genotype 15/15 were found to cause susceptibility to HT (P = 0.004, OR = 2.13, 95 % CI = 1.26-3.58 and P = 0.029, OR = 2.77, 95 % CI = 1.1-6.94, respectively), whereas allele (AT)6 and genotype 6/6 were found to be protective of HT (P = 0.00002, OR = 0.36, 95 % CI = 0.227-0.57 and P = 0.001, OR = 0.357, 95 % CI = 0.1980.64, respectively). SNP A49G and ICOS(GT)n revealed no significant association with HT (P > 0.05). The expression of sCTLA-4 was inversely proportional to the number of 3'UTR(AT)n repeats, with heterozygous and longer (AT)n repeats showing lower levels of sCTLA-4 mRNA than those with shorter alleles in HC and HT (P = 0.001 and P = 0.04, respectively). Significant increase in the serum level of sCTLA-4 was observed in HT patients compared with the HC (P = 0.0007). The novel finding in our study is that the CTLA-4 3'UTR(AT)n proven to be a key player in the pathogenesis of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suad Alfadhli
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 31470, Sulaibekhat, Kuwait.
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10
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Ji R, Feng Y, Zhan WW. Updated analysis of studies on the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 gene A49G polymorphism and Hashimoto's thyroiditis risk. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2013; 12:1421-30. [PMID: 23661465 DOI: 10.4238/2013.april.26.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Published data on the association between the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 gene A49G polymorphism and the risk for Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) are inconclusive. A meta-analysis was performed to derive a more precise estimation. Published case-control studies in English or Chinese were identified. In total, 24 studies with 2295 cases and 4521 controls were investigated. A random-effect model was performed irrespective of between-study heterogeneity. Study quality was assessed in duplicate, and subgroup analyses were conducted by ethnicity or age. Overall, the 49G allele was associated with an increase in HT risk [odds ratio (OR) = 1.31; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.17-1.47; P < 0.00001]. In a subgroup analysis by ethnicity, comparison of allele 49G with 49A generated a 27% increased risk among East Asians (OR = 1.48; 95%CI = 1.24-1.76; P < 0.00001) and whites (OR = 1.27; 95%CI = 1.12-1.44; P = 0.0002). We also found an increased risk among adults (OR = 1.31; 95%CI = 1.17-1.47; P < 0.00001) but not among children (OR = 1.44; 95%CI = 0.75-2.79; P = 0.27), possibly owing to the small sample sizes in children. No publication biases were observed. This meta-analysis suggested that the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 gene 49G allele was associated with an increased HT risk, especially in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ji
- Department of Ultrasonography, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Jabrocka-Hybel A, Skalniak A, Piątkowski J, Pach D, Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A. How Far Are We from Understanding the Genetic Basis of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis? Int Rev Immunol 2013; 32:337-54. [DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2012.755175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Krupińska J, Urbanowicz W, Kaczmarczyk M, Kulig G, Sowińska-Przepiera E, Andrysiak-Mamos E, Syrenicz A. Association between genetic mutations and the development of autoimmune thyroiditis in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon alpha. Thyroid Res 2012; 5:10. [PMID: 23072316 PMCID: PMC3579705 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6614-5-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Considerable progress was made by the introduction of interferon to the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. This treatment, however, is associated with the risk of developing or exacerbating autoimmune diseases, with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis being one of them. The aim of our study was to evaluate the predisposition to autoimmune thyroiditis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus during IFN-alpha therapy, depending on the presence of polymorphisms in the promoter region of CTLA-4C (-318)T gene and in exon 1 of A49G gene as well as C1858T transition of PTPN22 gene. METHODS The study was conducted in 149 patients aged between 18 and 70 years (mean of 43.9 years), including 82 men and 67 women. Control group for the assessment of the distribution of analyzed polymorphism of genotypes consisted of 200 neonates, from whom umbilical blood was drawn for the tests. The patients were divided into three groups: group 1 consisted of 114 patients without thyroid impairment before and during IFN-alpha therapy, group 2 contained 9 patients with AT with the onset prior to IFN-alpha treatment, and group 3 comprised 26 patients with AT starting after the beginning of IFN-alpha therapy. RESULTS The frequency of C1858Tand C(-318)T genotypes observed in the study group did not differ significantly from control group. A significant difference, however, was found for A49G polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS No association was demonstrated between the occurrence of autoimmune thyroiditis with the onset during IFN-alpha therapy and the presence of polymorphisms within CTLA-4 C(-318)T gene in the promoter region and A49G in exon 1, as well as C1858T transition of PTPN22 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Krupińska
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Internal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
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Pastuszak-Lewandoska D, Sewerynek E, Domańska D, Gładyś A, Skrzypczak R, Brzeziańska E. CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms and their influence on predisposition to autoimmune thyroid diseases (Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis). Arch Med Sci 2012; 8:415-21. [PMID: 22851994 PMCID: PMC3400896 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2012.28593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is associated with both genetic and environmental factors which lead to the overactivity of immune system. Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) gene polymorphisms belong to the main genetic factors determining the susceptibility to AITD (Hashimoto's thyroiditis, HT and Graves' disease, GD) development. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between CTLA-4 polymorphisms (A49G, 1822 C/T and CT60 A/G) and HT and/or GD in Polish patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Molecular analysis involved AITD group, consisting of HT (n=28) and GD (n=14) patients, and a control group of healthy persons (n=20). Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood and CTLA-4 polymorphisms were assessed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method, using three restriction enzymes: Fnu4HI (A49G), BsmAI (1822 C/T) and BsaAI (CT60 A/G). RESULTS Statistical analysis (χ(2) test) confirmed significant differences between the studied groups concerning CTLA-4 A49G genotypes. CTLA-4 A/G genotype was significantly more frequent in AITD group and OR analysis suggested that it might increase the susceptibility to HT. In GD patients, OR analysis revealed statistically significant relationship with the presence of G allele. In controls, CTLA-4 A/A genotype frequency was significantly increased suggesting a protective effect. There were no statistically significant differences regarding frequencies of other genotypes and polymorphic alleles of the CTLA-4 gene (1822 C/T and CT60 A/G) between the studied groups. CONCLUSIONS CTLA-4 A49G polymorphism seems to be an important genetic determinant of the risk of HT and GD in Polish patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Sewerynek
- Department of Endocrine Disorders and Bone Metabolism, 1 Chair of Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Daria Domańska
- Department of Molecular Bases of Medicine, 1 Chair of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gładyś
- Department of Molecular Bases of Medicine, 1 Chair of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Renata Skrzypczak
- Department of Molecular Bases of Medicine, 1 Chair of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Brzeziańska
- Department of Molecular Bases of Medicine, 1 Chair of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Pediatr 2009; 21:553-60. [PMID: 19622920 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0b013e3283300b10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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