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La Cognata V, Cavallaro S. Detection of Structural Variants by NGS: Revealing Missing Alleles in Lysosomal Storage Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081836. [PMID: 36009380 PMCID: PMC9405548 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a heterogeneous group of rare multisystem metabolic disorders occurring mostly in infancy and childhood, characterized by a gradual accumulation of non-degraded substrates inside the cells. Although biochemical enzymatic assays are considered the gold standard for diagnosis of symptomatic patients, genotyping is a requirement for inclusion in enzyme replacement programs and is a prerequisite for carrier tests in relatives and DNA-based prenatal diagnosis. The emerging next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are now offering a powerful diagnostic tool for genotyping LSDs patients by providing faster, cheaper, and higher-resolution testing options, and are allowing to unravel, in a single integrated workflow SNVs, small insertions and deletions (indels), as well as major structural variations (SVs) responsible for the pathology. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about the most recurrent and private SVs involving LSDs-related genes, review advantages and drawbacks related to the use of the NGS in the SVs detection, and discuss the challenges to bring this type of analysis in clinical diagnostics.
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He MF, Yang J, Dong MJ, Wang YT, Liu H. Compound heterozygous missense mutations in a Chinese mucopolysaccharidosis type VI patient: a case report. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:214. [PMID: 33985463 PMCID: PMC8120710 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-01979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disease caused by mutations in the arylsulfatase B (ARSB) gene. MPS VI is a multisystemic disease resulting from a deficiency in arylsulfatase B causing an accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in the tissues and organs of the body. In this report, we present the case of a 16-year-old Chinese male who presented with vision loss caused by corneal opacity. MPS VI was confirmed by genetic diagnosis. CASE PRESENTATION A 16-year-old Chinese male presented with a one-year history of binocular vision loss. The best-corrected visual acuity was 0.25 in the right eye and 0.5 in the left eye. Although slit-lamp examination revealed corneal opacification in both eyes, the ocular examinations of his parents were normal. At the same time, the patient presented with kyphotic deformity, short stature, joint and skeletal malformation, thick lips, long fingers, and coarse facial features. Genetic assessments revealed that ARSB was the causative gene. Compound heterozygous missense mutations were found in the ARSB gene, namely c.1325G > A (p. Thr442Met) (M1) and c.1197G > C (p. Phe399Leu) (M2). Genetic diagnosis confirmed that the patient had MPS VI. CONCLUSIONS This paper reports a case of MPS VI confirmed by genetic diagnosis. MPS VI is a multisystem metabolic disease, with corneal opacity as a concomitant ocular symptom. As it is difficult for ophthalmologists to definitively diagnose MPS VI, genetic testing is useful for disease confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fang He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,The Eye Disease Clinical Medical Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,The Eye Disease Clinical Medical Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Ji Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,The Eye Disease Clinical Medical Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,The Eye Disease Clinical Medical Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Meng-Jie Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,The Eye Disease Clinical Medical Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,The Eye Disease Clinical Medical Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Yin-Ting Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,The Eye Disease Clinical Medical Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,The Eye Disease Clinical Medical Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Hai Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China. .,The Eye Disease Clinical Medical Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China. .,The Eye Disease Clinical Medical Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650000, China.
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Kovacs Z, Jung I, Szalman K, Banias L, Bara TJ, Gurzu S. Interaction of arylsulfatases A and B with maspin: A possible explanation for dysregulation of tumor cell metabolism and invasive potential of colorectal cancer. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:3990-4003. [PMID: 31832401 PMCID: PMC6906558 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i23.3990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it has been shown that arylsulfatases are lost in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines, their exact role in the carcinogenesis and behavior of this cancer was not elucidated. No data about the correlation between serum and immunohistochemical (IHC) level of arylsulfatases (ARSA, ARSB) in patients with CRC were published yet. AIM To evaluate the possible prognostic value of ARSA and/or ARSB in CRC, at circulating and protein levels. METHODS The present study included 45 consecutive patients who were prospectively diagnosed with CRC. For IHC stains (protein expression) ARSA, ARSB and maspin expression were quantified. For these markers, cytoplasmic expression was taken into account. For gene expression study, circulating mRNA was isolated from all patients, before surgery. A group of 45 healthy patients without inflammatory or tumor pathologies was used as control group. Reverse transcription and Taqman Gene Expression Array were used for ARSB gene expression. RESULTS The preoperative circulating RNA level of the ARSB gene was significantly decreased in patients with CRC (RQ < 1), compared with the control group (RQ > 1). A more significant decrease (RQ < 0.5) occurred in ulcero-infiltrative maspin-positive adenocarcinomas, with a higher degree of tumor budding, diagnosed in locally advanced stages (pT3/4). ARSA/maspin immunopositivity indicated a higher risk for lymph node metastasis, while triple positivity for maspin/ARSA/ARSB and ARSB gene expression level < 0.5 were indicators of CRC aggressive behavior, independent of lymph node status. CONCLUSION The significant independent negative prognostic factors of CRC are the ulcero-infiltrative aspect, high budding degree, triple positivity for maspin, ARSA and ARSB, and low ARSB gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Kovacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology “George Emil Palade”, Targu Mures 530149, Romania
| | - Ioan Jung
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology “George Emil Palade”, Targu Mures 530149, Romania
| | - Krisztina Szalman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology “George Emil Palade”, Targu Mures 530149, Romania
| | - Laura Banias
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology “George Emil Palade”, Targu Mures 530149, Romania
| | - Tivadar Jr Bara
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade”, Tirgu Mures 530149, Romania
| | - Simona Gurzu
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology “George Emil Palade”, Targu Mures 530149, Romania
- Research Center (CCAMF), University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Targu Mures 540139, Romania
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Kovacs Z, Jung I, Gurzu S. Arylsulfatases A and B: From normal tissues to malignant tumors. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152516. [PMID: 31262576 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Arylsulfatases are lysosomal enzymes with important roles in the cell metabolism. Several subtypes of arylsulfatase are known, from A to K. Congenital deficiencies of arylsulfatases, especially A (ARSA) and B (ARSB), can induce metabolic disorders such as metachromatic leucodystrophy (ARSA deficiency) and Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome (ARSB deficiency). ARSA and ARSB pseudodeficiencies were recently described but their exact roles are far to be known. The aim of this review was to synthesize the literature data, combined with personal results, regarding the roles of ARSA and ARSB in non-tumor disorders but also carcinogenesis. Few than 50 published papers regard ARSA and ARSB expression in cancer. They suggest decreased activity of these arylsulfatases in most of carcinomas, compared with normal tissues. However, the clinical impact is still unknown. Further complex studies are necessary to be done, to understand the role of ARSA and ARSB expression in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Kovacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Tirgu-Mures, Romania; Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Ioan Jung
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Simona Gurzu
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Tirgu-Mures, Romania; Department of Pathology, Research Center (CCAMF), Tirgu-Mures, Romania.
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Hançer VS, Büyükdoğan M, Babameto-Laku A. A Novel Pathological ARSB Mutation (c.870G>A; p.Trp290stop) in Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VI Patients. Mol Syndromol 2019; 10:272-275. [PMID: 32021598 DOI: 10.1159/000502597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type VI, also known as Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome, is a lysosomal storage disorder, characterized by the deficiency of the arylsulfatase B enzyme. The clinical phenotype and severity of the illness varies according to the residual enzyme activity. Typical features are a short stature, shortened trunk, protuberant abdomen, flexed-knee stance, arched back, corneal clouding, joint stiffness and contractures as well as a waddling gait. Patients typically have Hurler-like dysmorphic facial features: microcephaly, prominent forehead and eyes, a broad nose, low nasal bridge, thick lips, and hyperplastic gums with widely spaced teeth. Complications of the illness include obstructive airway, cardiac valvular problems, splenomegaly, hernias, and pneumonia. Unlike other MPS diseases, MPS VI is characterized by normal intellectual development. Since the disease is due to deficient glycosaminoglycan (mucopolysaccharide) metabolism, elevated urinary glycosaminoglycan levels are a main indicator of MPS. Diagnosis is confirmed by enzyme assays, specifically low arylsulfatase B activity in conjunction with the normal activity of other lysosomal enzymes. Enzyme replacement therapy and hematopoietic stem cell therapy are showing positive results in the management of the condition. The more severely affected patients, with a rapidly advancing form of the disease, have a short life span and succumb, most commonly to heart failure, by early adulthood. The frequency of ARSB variants in patients with MPS VI are as follows: 59.5% missense, 13.5% small deletions, 12% nonsense, 5% splice site or intronic variants, 3% small duplications, 3% large deletions, and 1% stop-loss. We report an Albanian family with siblings diagnosed with MPS Vl after clinical examination, biochemical tests, and molecular analysis. Hereby, a novel c.870G>A nonsense homozygous mutation was found responsible for the loss of the enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veysel S Hançer
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Büyükdoğan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Anila Babameto-Laku
- Service of Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania
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Brusius-Facchin AC, Rojas Malaga D, Leistner-Segal S, Giugliani R. Recent advances in molecular testing to improve early diagnosis in children with mucopolysaccharidoses. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018; 18:855-866. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2018.1523722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Rojas Malaga
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program of Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sandra Leistner-Segal
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Science, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program of Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Science, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Tomanin R, Karageorgos L, Zanetti A, Al-Sayed M, Bailey M, Miller N, Sakuraba H, Hopwood JJ. Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI) and molecular analysis: Review and classification of published variants in the ARSB gene. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:1788-1802. [PMID: 30118150 PMCID: PMC6282714 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Maroteaux–Lamy syndrome (MPS VI) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by pathogenic ARSB gene variants, commonly diagnosed through clinical findings and deficiency of the arylsulfatase B (ASB) enzyme. Detection of ARSB pathogenic variants can independently confirm diagnosis and render genetic counseling possible. In this review, we collect and summarize 908 alleles (201 distinct variants, including 3 polymorphisms previously considered as disease‐causing variants) from 478 individuals diagnosed with MPS VI, identified from literature and public databases. Each variant is further analyzed for clinical classification according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines. Results highlight the heterogeneity of ARSB alleles, with most unique variants (59.5%) identified as missense and 31.7% of unique alleles appearing once. Only 18% of distinct variants were previously recorded in public databases with supporting evidence and clinical significance. ACMG recommends publishing clinical and biochemical data that accurately characterize pathogenicity of new variants in association with reporting specific alleles. Variants analyzed were sent to ClinVar (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/), and MPS VI locus‐specific database (http://mps6-database.org) where they will be available. High clinical suspicion coupled with diagnostic testing for deficient ASB activity and timely submission and classification of ARSB variants with biochemical and clinical data in public databases is essential for timely diagnosis of MPS VI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosella Tomanin
- Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Lysosomal Disorders, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova and "Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza", Padova, Italy
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alessandra Zanetti
- Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Lysosomal Disorders, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova and "Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza", Padova, Italy
| | | | - Mitch Bailey
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, United States
| | - Nicole Miller
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, United States
| | - Hitoshi Sakuraba
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - John J Hopwood
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
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