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Kindlovits R, Pereira AMDS, Sousa AC, Viana JL, Teixeira VH. Effects of Acute and Chronic Exercise in Hypoxia on Cardiovascular and Glycemic Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review. High Alt Med Biol 2022; 23:301-312. [PMID: 36036723 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2022.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Kindlovits, Raquel, Alberto Mello da Silva Pereira, Ana Catarina Sousa, João Luís Viana,and Vitor Hugo Teixeira. Effects of acute and chronic exercise in hypoxia on cardiovascular and glycemic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. High Alt Med Biol. 23:301-312, 2022. Background: Exercise in hypoxia (EH, decreased oxygen availability) has been proposed as a potential therapeutic intervention to promote angiogenesis and improve glucose metabolism to a greater extent than exercise under normoxia (normal ambient air) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Currently, there are no studies that systematize the existent evidence. This study aims to systematically review the literature and qualitatively evaluate the effects of acute and chronic EH on cardiovascular and glycemic parameters in T2D patients. Methods: A structured search was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines until March 2021, in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) randomized and nonrandomized trials, (2) in complication-free patients with T2D, (3) in which EH was compared with exercise in normoxia or with baseline data, and (4) published in English. Results: Six articles (64 subjects) met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed to data extraction. Four articles investigated the acute effect of EH (33 subjects), and two articles investigated the chronic effect of EH (31 subjects), ranging from 6 to 8 weeks. All studies used a cycle ergometer as exercise. Acute EH benefits insulin sensitivity, blood glucose, vascular endothelial growth factor, and metalloproteinase-9, while chronic EH benefits nitric oxide synthase in erythrocytes, but not brachial artery flow-mediated dilation. Conclusion: Acute EH improves glucose homeostasis in T2D patients, which was not seen with chronic EH. Both acute EH and chronic EH improve angiogenesis regulators, but not vascular function. Despite the putative benefits of EH in patients with T2D, the evidence is still scarce and further research is needed before recommendations can be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Kindlovits
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto (FCNAUP), Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Catarina Sousa
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
| | - João Luís Viana
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
| | - Vitor Hugo Teixeira
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto (FCNAUP), Porto, Portugal.,Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP), Portugal.,Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
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Hara Y, Watanabe N. Changes in expression of genes related to glucose metabolism in liver and skeletal muscle of rats exposed to acute hypoxia. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04334. [PMID: 32642586 PMCID: PMC7334421 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine changes in gene expression associated with glucose metabolism in the liver and soleus muscles of rats exposed to hypoxia to improve work capacity under high altitude conditions. Rats were divided into normobaric normoxia (control) and normobaric hypoxia (hypoxia) groups (n = 7 each), and the hypoxia group was exposed to 10.5% oxygen for 90 min. Glucose metabolism-related gene expression was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. In the liver, the expression levels of the glucose utilization-related genes solute carrier family 2 member 1, glucokinase, and liver-type phosphofructokinase and the gluconeogenesis-related gene phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (Pck1) were significantly increased upon hypoxic exposure. In contrast, gene expression in the soleus was unchanged, with the exception of Pck1. The results suggest that under hypoxia, both glucose utilization and gluconeogenesis are accelerated in the liver, and liver glycogen is degraded to maintain blood glucose level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurie Hara
- Department of Nutritional Science, Tokyo Kasei University, 1-18-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8602, Japan
| | - Nakamichi Watanabe
- Department of Health Science, Showa Women's University, 1-7-57 Taishido, Setagaya, Tokyo, 154-8533, Japan
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Autophagy Is a Promoter for Aerobic Exercise Performance during High Altitude Training. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3617508. [PMID: 29849885 PMCID: PMC5907404 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3617508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
High altitude training is one of the effective strategies for improving aerobic exercise performance at sea level via altitude acclimatization, thereby improving oxygen transport and/or utilization. But its underlying molecular mechanisms on physiological functions and exercise performance of athletes are still vague. More recent evidence suggests that the recycling of cellular components by autophagy is an important process of the body involved in the adaptive responses to exercise. Whether high altitude training can activate autophagy or whether high altitude training can improve exercise performance through exercise-induced autophagy is still unclear. In this narrative review article, we will summarize current research advances in the improvement of exercise performance through high altitude training and its reasonable molecular mechanisms associated with autophagy, which will provide a new field to explore the molecular mechanisms of adaptive response to high altitude training.
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Czubryt MP, Lamoureux L, Ramjiawan A, Abrenica B, Jangamreddy J, Swan K. Regulation of cardiomyocyte Glut4 expression by ZAC1. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:16942-50. [PMID: 20363751 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.097246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor ZAC1 is expressed in a variety of tissues including the developing heart, but its physiological role is unclear. We examined the role of ZAC1 in regulating expression of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4 and whether ZAC1 expression is altered in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. We demonstrated expression of Zac1 mRNA and protein in rat cardiomyocytes by PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Using a combination of chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays, we showed that ZAC1 regulates Glut4 expression via a specific binding site in the Glut4 promoter. Overexpression of ZAC1 increased Glut4 mRNA and protein expression and resulted in increased glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes as determined by a fluorescent analog uptake assay. Induction of hypertrophy by phenylephrine or isoproterenol resulted in increased Zac1 expression. We identified a novel putative promoter in the Zac1 gene and demonstrated increased binding of MEF2 to this promoter in response to hypertrophic stimulation. MEF2 regulated transactivation of the Zac1 promoter and ZAC1 protein expression. This work identifies ZAC1 as a novel and previously unknown regulator of cardiomyocyte Glut4 expression and glucose uptake. Our results also implicate MEF2 as a regulator of ZAC1 expression in response to induction of hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Czubryt
- Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada
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Feng M, Qin J, Wang C, Ye Y, Wang S, Xie D, Wang PS, Liu C. Estradiol upregulates the expression of oxytocin receptor in colon in rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009; 296:E1059-66. [PMID: 19258489 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.90609.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The study was designed to investigate the effect of estradiol on the excitatory effect of oxytocin (OT) on colon motility. Female Wistar rats were used, and some of them were ovariectomized (OVX) and treated with vehicle or estradiol (E(2)). A plastic balloon made of condom was inserted into colon to monitor the change of colonic pressure in vivo. Longitudinal muscle strips of distal colon were prepared to monitor the spontaneous contraction of colon in vitro. Expression of OT receptor (OTR) was investigated by Western blot analysis. Expression of OTR mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry was used to locate OTR. In OVX rats, pretreatment of E(2) (4-100 microg/kg sc) dose-dependently increased the excitatory effect of OT on colon motility both in vivo and in vitro and increased the expression of OTR and OTR mRNA in colon. Systemic administration of OT excited the colon motility in vivo in rats at perioda of proestrus and estrus but did not influence it at diestrus period, when the concentration of plasma E(2) was lowest in the estrous cycle. Pretreatment of atosiban, the specific OTR antagonist, and TTX, the blocker of voltage-dependent sodium channel on nerve fiber, attenuated the excitatory effect of OT on colon motility. OTR was located in myenteric plexus of colon. These results suggested that E(2) increased the excitatory effect of OT on colon motility by upregulating the expression of OTR in myenteric plexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Feng
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Wang D, Yang H, De Braganca KC, Lu J, Yu Shih L, Briones P, De Vivo DC. The molecular basis of pyruvate carboxylase deficiency: mosaicism correlates with prolonged survival. Mol Genet Metab 2008; 95:31-8. [PMID: 18676167 PMCID: PMC2572257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2008.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) deficiency (OMIM, 266150) is a rare autosomal recessive disease. The revised PC gene structure described in this report consists of 20 coding exons and four non-coding exons at the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR). The gene codes for three transcripts due to alternative splicing: variant 1 (NM_000920.3), variant 2 (NM_022172.2) and variant 3 (BC011617.2). PC deficiency is manifested by three clinical phenotypes-an infantile form (Type A), a neonatal form (Type B), and a benign form (Type C). We report the molecular basis for eight cases (one Type A, five Type B and two Type C) of PC deficiency. Eight novel complex mutations were identified representing different combinations of missense mutations, deletions, a splice site substitution and a nonsense mutation. The classical phenotypes (A, B and C) correlated poorly with clinical outcomes. Mosaicism was found in five cases (one Type A, three Type B and one Type C) and four of these cases had prolonged survival. Death in the fifth case resulted from unrelated medical complications. The discrepancy between the current findings and the existing classification system should be addressed to accommodate these new observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Colleen Giblin Laboratories for Pediatric Neurology Research, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hong Yang
- Colleen Giblin Laboratories for Pediatric Neurology Research, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Kevin C. De Braganca
- Colleen Giblin Laboratories for Pediatric Neurology Research, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jiesheng Lu
- Colleen Giblin Laboratories for Pediatric Neurology Research, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ling Yu Shih
- Department of Pediatrics, UMDNJ-NJ Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Paz Briones
- Instituta de Bioquímica Clínica, c/ Mejia Lequerica s/n, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Darryl C. De Vivo
- Colleen Giblin Laboratories for Pediatric Neurology Research, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Corresponding authors: Darryl C. De Vivo, M.D., Columbia University, Neurological Institute, 710 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, Tel.: (212) 305 5244, FAX: (212) 305 7036,
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Muscle energy metabolism: structural and functional features in different types of porcine striated muscles. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2007; 28:249-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s10974-007-9123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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