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Mukund AX, Lu A, Asamoah A, Balakrishnan K. Towards a wraparound model of surgical care: Expanding out-of-hospital phases and integrating health justice considerations to improve health outcomes. Am J Surg 2024; 235:115786. [PMID: 38871551 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2024.115786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California-San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Afia Asamoah
- Co-Founder and Head of People and Legal, Waymark, San Fracisco, California, USA
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Yetsenga R, Banerjee R, Streatfeild J, McGregor K, Austin SB, Lim BWX, Diedrichs PC, Greaves K, Mattei J, Puhl RM, Slaughter-Acey JC, Solanke I, Sonneville KR, Velasquez K, Cheung S. The economic and social costs of body dissatisfaction and appearance-based discrimination in the United States. Eat Disord 2024:1-31. [PMID: 38520696 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2024.2328461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
This study estimated the social and economic costs of body dissatisfaction and appearance-based discrimination (specifically, weight and skin-shade discrimination) in the United States (USA) in the 2019 calendar year. We used a prevalence-based approach and a cost-of-illness method to estimate the annual cost of harmful appearance ideals for cases of body dissatisfaction and discrimination based on weight and skin shade. Impacts on conditions/illnesses such as eating disorders that are attributable to body dissatisfaction, weight discrimination and skin-shade discrimination were identified through a quasi-systematic literature review, which captured financial, economic, and non-financial costs. For each impact attributable to body dissatisfaction or appearance-based discrimination, annual health system and productivity costs (or labor market costs) were primarily estimated by using a population attributable fraction methodology. Only direct costs that resulted from body dissatisfaction and appearance-based discrimination were included (for example, costs associated with conditions such as depression attributable to body dissatisfaction or appearance-based discrimination). In contrast, indirect costs (e.g. costs associated with a health condition developed following skin bleaching, which was undertaken as a result of body dissatisfaction) were not included. In 2019 body dissatisfaction incurred $84 billion in financial and economic costs and $221 billion through reduced well-being. Financial costs of weight discrimination and skin-shade discrimination were estimated to be $200 billion and $63 billion, respectively, and reduced well-being was estimated to be $206.7 billion due to weight discrimination and $8.4 billion due to skin-shade discrimination. Sensitivity testing revealed the costs likely range between $226 billion and $507 billion for body dissatisfaction, between $175 billion and $537 billion for skin-shade discrimination, and between $126 billion and $265 billion for weight discrimination. This study demonstrates that the prevalence and economic costs of body dissatisfaction and weight and skin-shade discrimination are substantial, which underscores the urgency of identifying policy actions designed to promote prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon Yetsenga
- Health and Social Policy, Deloitte Access Economics, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rhea Banerjee
- Health and Social Policy, Deloitte Access Economics, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jared Streatfeild
- Health and Social Policy, Deloitte Access Economics, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - S Bryn Austin
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Belle W X Lim
- Health and Social Policy, Deloitte Access Economics, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Kayla Greaves
- The Centre for Appearance Research is cross-departmental, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Josiemer Mattei
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca M Puhl
- Department of Human Development & Family Sciences, Rudd Center for Food Policy and Health, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jaime C Slaughter-Acey
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Iyiola Solanke
- Faculty of Law, University of Oxford/Somerville College, Oxford, UK
| | - Kendrin R Sonneville
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Simone Cheung
- Health and Social Policy, Deloitte Access Economics, Sydney, Australia
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Abraham I, Hiligsmann M, Lee KKC, Citrome L, Colombo GL, Gregg M. What to expect in 2024: important health economics and outcomes research (HEOR) trends. Curr Med Res Opin 2024; 40:185-192. [PMID: 38122828 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2023.2291603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
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Abraham I, Hiligsmann M, Lee KKC, Citrome L, Colombo GL, Gregg M. What to expect in 2024: important health economics and outcomes research (HEOR) trends. J Med Econ 2024; 27:69-76. [PMID: 38122829 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2023.2291604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
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Abraham I, Hiligsmann M, Lee KKC, Citrome L, Colombo GL, Gregg M. What to Expect in 2024: Important Health Economics and Outcomes Research (HEOR) Trends. CLINICOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2023; 15:799-809. [PMID: 38274129 PMCID: PMC10810314 DOI: 10.2147/ceor.s453171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
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Abraham I, Hiligsmann M, Lee KKC, Citrome L, Colombo GL. What to expect in 2024: important health economics and outcomes research (HEOR) trends. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2023:1-8. [PMID: 38126707 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2023.2292838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
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