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Gawronska-Kozak B, Machcinska-Zielinska S, Walendzik K, Kopcewicz M, Pääkkönen M, Wisniewska J. Hypoxia and Foxn1 alter the proteomic signature of dermal fibroblasts to redirect scarless wound healing to scar-forming skin wound healing in Foxn1 -/- mice. BMC Biol 2024; 22:193. [PMID: 39256768 PMCID: PMC11389453 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01990-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foxn1-/- deficient mice are a rare model of regenerative skin wound healing among mammals. In wounded skin, the transcription factor Foxn1 interacting with hypoxia-regulated factors affects re-epithelialization, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) reestablishment and is thus a factor regulating scar-forming/reparative healing. Here, we hypothesized that transcriptional crosstalk between Foxn1 and Hif-1α controls the switch from scarless (regenerative) to scar-present (reparative) skin wound healing. To verify this hypothesis, we examined (i) the effect of hypoxia/normoxia and Foxn1 signalling on the proteomic signature of Foxn1-/- (regenerative) dermal fibroblasts (DFs) and then (ii) explored the effect of Hif-1α or Foxn1/Hif-1α introduced by a lentiviral (LV) delivery vector to injured skin of regenerative Foxn1-/- mice with particular attention to the remodelling phase of healing. RESULTS We showed that hypoxic conditions and Foxn1 stimulation modified the proteome of Foxn1-/- DFs. Hypoxic conditions upregulated DF protein profiles, particularly those related to extracellular matrix (ECM) composition: plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (Pai-1), Sdc4, Plod2, Plod1, Lox, Loxl2, Itga2, Vldlr, Ftl1, Vegfa, Hmox1, Fth1, and F3. We found that Pai-1 was stimulated by hypoxic conditions in regenerative Foxn1-/- DFs but was released by DFs to the culture media exclusively upon hypoxia and Foxn1 stimulation. We also found higher levels of Pai-1 protein in DFs isolated from Foxn1+/+ mice (reparative/scar-forming) than in DFs isolated from Foxn1-/- (regenerative/scarless) mice and triggered by injury increase in Foxn1 and Pai-1 protein in the skin of mice with active Foxn1 (Foxn1+/+ mice). Then, we demonstrated that the introduction of Foxn1 and Hif-1α via lentiviral injection into the wounded skin of regenerative Foxn1-/- mice activates reparative/scar-forming healing by increasing the wounded skin area and decreasing hyaluronic acid deposition and the collagen type III to I ratio. We also identified a stimulatory effect of LV-Foxn1 + LV-Hif-1α injection in the wounded skin of Foxn1-/- mice on Pai-1 protein levels. CONCLUSIONS The present data highlight the effect of hypoxia and Foxn1 on the protein profile and functionality of regenerative Foxn1-/- DFs and demonstrate that the introduction of Foxn1 and Hif-1α into the wounded skin of regenerative Foxn1-/- mice activates reparative/scar-forming healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gawronska-Kozak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Machcinska-Zielinska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Walendzik
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Kopcewicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Mirva Pääkkönen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, Biocity 5 Floor, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Joanna Wisniewska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
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Cecchi CR, Alsing S, Jesus GPP, Zacarias EA, Kjaer L, Clement MS, Kumagai-Braesch M, Corydon TJ, Bartolini P, Peroni CN, Aagaard L. Sustained secretion of human growth hormone from TheraCyte devices encapsulated with PiggyBac-engineered retinal pigment epithelium cells. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102095. [PMID: 37087908 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) deficiency is characterized by impaired growth and development, and is currently treated by repeated administration of recombinant human GH (hGH). Encapsulated cell therapy (ECT) may offer a less demanding treatment-strategy for long-term production and release of GH into circulation. We used PiggyBac-based (PB) transposon delivery for engineering retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19), and tested a series of viral and non-viral promoters as well as codon-optimization to enhance transgene expression. Engineered cells were loaded into TheraCyte macrocapsules and secretion was followed in vitro and in vivo. The cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter supports strong and persistent transgene expression, and we achieved clonal cell lines secreting over 6 µg hGH/106 cells/day. Codon-optimization of the hGH gene did not improve secretion. ARPE-19 cells endured encapsulation in TheraCyte devices, and resulted in steady hormone release for at least 60 days in vitro. A short-term pilot experiment in immunodeficient SCID mice demonstrated low systemic levels of hGH from a single 40 µL capsule implanted subcutaneously. No significant increase in weight increase or systemic hGH was detected after 23 days in the GH-deficient lit/SCID mouse model using 4.5 µL capsules loaded with the highest secreting clone of ARPE-19 cells. Our results demonstrate that PB-mediated engineering of ARPE-19 is an efficient way to generate hormone secreting cell lines compatible with macroencapsulation, and our CMV-driven expression cassette allows for identification of clones with high level and long-term secretory activity without addition of insulator elements. Our results pave the way for further in vivo studies of encapsulated cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia R Cecchi
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN), Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sidsel Alsing
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gustavo P P Jesus
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN), Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Centro Universitario Lusiada, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Enio A Zacarias
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN), Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lisbeth Kjaer
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | | - Thomas J Corydon
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Paolo Bartolini
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN), Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cibele N Peroni
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN), Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lars Aagaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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García M, Bonafont J, Martínez-Palacios J, Xu R, Turchiano G, Svensson S, Thrasher AJ, Larcher F, Del Rio M, Hernández-Alcoceba R, Garín MI, Mencía Á, Murillas R. Preclinical model for phenotypic correction of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa by in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 delivery using adenoviral vectors. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 27:96-108. [PMID: 36212909 PMCID: PMC9531050 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, a devastating skin fragility disease characterized by recurrent skin blistering, scarring, and a high risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma is caused by mutations in COL7A1, the gene encoding type VII collagen, which is the major component of the anchoring fibrils that bind the dermis and epidermis. Ex vivo correction of COL7A1 by gene editing in patients' cells has been achieved before. However, in vivo editing approaches are necessary to address the direct treatment of the blistering lesions characteristic of this disease. We have now generated adenoviral vectors for CRISPR-Cas9 delivery to remove exon 80 of COL7A1, which contains a highly prevalent frameshift mutation in Spanish patients. For in vivo testing, a humanized skin mouse model was used. Efficient viral transduction of skin was observed after excisional wounds generated with a surgical punch on regenerated patient skin grafts were filled with the adenoviral vectors embedded in a fibrin gel. Type VII collagen deposition in the basement membrane zone of the wounded areas treated with the vectors correlated with restoration of dermal-epidermal adhesion, demonstrating that recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) patient skin lesions can be directly treated by CRISPR-Cas9 delivery in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta García
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carlos III University (UC3M), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Bonafont
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology Unit, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jesús Martínez-Palacios
- Unidad de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rudan Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carlos III University (UC3M), Madrid, Spain
| | - Giandomenico Turchiano
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stina Svensson
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adrian J. Thrasher
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Fernando Larcher
- Unidad de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela Del Rio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carlos III University (UC3M), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Hernández-Alcoceba
- Universidad de Navarra, CIMA, Programa de Terapia Génica y Regulación de la Expresión Génica, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marina I. Garín
- Unidad de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Mencía
- Unidad de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Murillas
- Unidad de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
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Gawronska-Kozak B, Walendzik K, Machcinska S, Padzik A, Kopcewicz M, Wiśniewska J. Dermal White Adipose Tissue (dWAT) Is Regulated by Foxn1 and Hif-1α during the Early Phase of Skin Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:257. [PMID: 35008683 PMCID: PMC8745105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) is involved in the maintenance of skin homeostasis. However, the studies concerning its molecular regulation are limited. In the present paper, we ask whether the introduction of two transcription factors, Foxn1 and Hif-1α, into the post-wounded skin of Foxn1-/- mice regulates dWAT during wound healing (days 3 and 6). We have chosen lentivirus vectors (LVs) as a tool to deliver Foxn1 and Hif-1α into the post-wounded skin. We documented that combinations of both transgenes reduces the number, size and diameter of dermal adipocytes at the wound bed area. The qRT-PCR analysis of pro-adipogenic genes, revealed that LV-Hif-1α alone, or combined with LV-Foxn1, increases the mRNA expression of Pparγ, Glut 4 and Fasn at post-wounding day 6. However, the most spectacular stimulatory effect of Foxn1 and/or Hif-1α was observed for Igf2, the growth factor participating in adipogenic signal transduction. Our data also shows that Foxn1/Hif-1α, at post-wounding day 3, reduces levels of CD68 and MIP-1γ mRNA expression and the percentage of CD68 positive cells in the wound site. In conclusion, the present data are the first to document that Foxn1 and Hif-1α cooperatively (1) regulate dWAT during the proliferative phase of skin wound healing through the Igf2 signaling pathway, and (2) reduce the macrophages content in the wound site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gawronska-Kozak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.W.); (S.M.); (M.K.); (J.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Walendzik
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.W.); (S.M.); (M.K.); (J.W.)
| | - Sylwia Machcinska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.W.); (S.M.); (M.K.); (J.W.)
| | - Artur Padzik
- Virus Vector Core, Turku Centre for Biotechnology BioCity, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Marta Kopcewicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.W.); (S.M.); (M.K.); (J.W.)
| | - Joanna Wiśniewska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.W.); (S.M.); (M.K.); (J.W.)
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Cross-Presentation of Skin-Targeted Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus 2/1 Transgene Induces Potent Resident Memory CD8 + T Cell Responses. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01334-18. [PMID: 30541847 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01334-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A key aspect to consider for vaccinal protection is the induction of a local line of defense consisting of nonrecirculating tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM), in parallel to the generation of systemic memory CD8+ T cell responses. The potential to induce TRM has now been demonstrated for a number of pathogens and viral vectors. This potential, however, has never been tested for recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors, which are weakly inflammatory and poor transducer of dendritic cells. Using a model rAAV2/1-based vaccine, we determined that a single intradermal immunization with rAAV2/1 vectors in mice induces fully functional TRM at the local site of immunization. The optimal differentiation of rAAV-induced transgene-specific skin TRM was dependent on local transgene expression and additional CD4+ T cell help. Transgene expression in dendritic cells, however, appeared to be dispensable for the priming of transgene-specific skin TRM, suggesting that this process solely depends on the cross-presentation of transgene products. Overall, this study provides needed information to properly assess rAAV vectors as T cell-inducing vaccine carriers.IMPORTANCE rAAVs display numerous characteristics that could make them extremely attractive as vaccine carriers, including an excellent safety profile in humans and great flexibility regarding serotypes and choice of target tissue. Studies addressing the ability of rAAV to induce protective T cell responses, however, are scarce. Notably, the potential to induce a tissue-resident memory T cell response has never been described for rAAV vectors, strongly limiting further interest for their use as vaccine carriers. Using a model rAAV2/1 vaccine delivered to the skin, our study demonstrated that rAAV vectors can induce bona fide skin resident TRM and provides additional clues regarding the cellular mechanisms underlying this process. These results will help widen the field of rAAV applications.
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Ying J, Luan W, Lu L, Zhang S, Qi F. Knockdown of the KINDLIN-2 Gene and Reduced Expression of Kindlin-2 Affects Vascular Permeability in Angiogenesis in a Mouse Model of Wound Healing. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:5376-5383. [PMID: 30070977 PMCID: PMC6085983 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis is an important component of wound healing and tissue repair. Kindlin-2 is an integrin-associated protein, encoded by the KINDLIN-2 gene, which has been shown to affect cell adhesion and migration of cells, including endothelial cells. The aim of this study was to use a mouse model of wound healing to evaluate the effects of expression of KINDLIN-2 on angiogenesis in wound healing in vivo. Material/Methods Thirty-six male C57BL/6 mice were studied in an established model that used a wound created on the back. Mice were divided randomly into three groups: the normal group (n=12) received injections of normal (0.9%) saline; the KINDLIN-2(−) group (n=12) received injections of adeno-associated virus with small interfering (si)RNA targeting the KINDLIN-2 gene (AAV-KINDLIN-2-siRNA); and the control (group (n=12) received injections of adeno-associated virus containing a scrambled RNA sequence (AAV-control-RNA). Wound healing was analyzed by biochemical examination of the exudates and histology. Evans blue dye was injected into the caudal vein of each mouse, two weeks after wound healing to assess neovascular permeability. Results Wound healing was significantly delayed in the KINDLIN-2 gene knockdown mice (AAV-KINDLIN-2-siRNA) compared with that of the normal group and the control group, and neovascular permeability was increased. In the AAV-KINDLIN-2-siRNA group, blood vessels were shorter and thinner compared with the normal group and the control group. Conclusions In a mouse model of wound healing, KINDLIN-2 gene knockdown inhibited wound healing, and increased neovascular permeability in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Ying
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Wenjie Luan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Simin Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Fazhi Qi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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